Dave Loebsack

	Dave Loebsack
	Democratic National Convention, 2016
Status:	Superdelegate
State:	Iowa
Supporting:	Hillary Clinton
	Delegates to the DNC 2016
	Calendar and delegate rules overview • Types of delegates • State election law and delegates • Superdelegates by state

Dave Loebsack (Democratic Party) was a member of the U.S. House, representing Iowa's 2nd Congressional District. He assumed office on January 3, 2007. He left office on January 3, 2021.

Loebsack (Democratic Party) ran for re-election to the U.S. House to represent Iowa's 2nd Congressional District. He won in the general election on November 6, 2018.

He was first elected to the office in 2006.

Loebsack announced on April 12, 2019, that he would not seek re-election in 2020.^[1]

As of a 2014 analysis of multiple outside rankings, Loebsack is an average Democratic member of Congress, meaning he will vote with the Democratic Party on the majority of bills. Click here to read about key votes made by Loebsack.

Prior to serving in the U.S. Congress, Loebsack taught at Cornell College in Mount Vernon, Iowa.^[2]

Biography

Loebsack was born on December 23, 1952, in Sioux City, IA, where he also attended high school. He earned his B.S. and M.A. from Iowa State University in 1974 and 1976, respectively, and received his Ph.D. from UC Davis in 1985. Prior to his political career, Loebsack worked as a professor of political science.^[3]

Career

Below is an abbreviated outline of Loebsack's academic, professional, and political career:^[4]

2007-Present: U.S. Representative from Iowa's 2nd Congressional District

Committee assignments

U.S. House

2017-2018

At the beginning of the 115th Congress, Loebsack was assigned to the following committees:^[5]

Committee on Energy and Commerce

2015-2016

Loebsack served on the following committees:^[6]

Energy and Commerce Committee
- Subcommittee on Communications and Technology
- Subcommittee on Energy and Power

2013-2014

Loebsack served on the following committees:^[7]^[8]

Armed Services Committee
- Subcommittee on Military Personnel
- Subcommittee on Readiness
Committee on Education and the Workforce
- Subcommittee on Health, Employment, Labor and Pensions
- Subcommittee on Higher Education and Workforce Training

2011-2012

Loebsack served on the following House committees:^[9]

Committee on Education and the Workforce
- Subcommittee on Higher Education and Workforce Training
- Subcommittee on Health, Employment, Labor, and Pensions
Armed Services Committee
- Subcommittee on Military Personnel
- Subcommittee on Readiness

Key votes

See also: Key votes

Ballotpedia monitors legislation that receives a vote and highlights the ones that we consider to be key to understanding where elected officials stand on the issues. To read more about how we identify key votes, click here.

Key votes: 116th Congress, 2019-2021

The 116th United States Congress began on January 9, 2019, and ended on January 3, 2021. At the start of the session, Democrats held the majority in the U.S. House of Representatives (235-200), and Republicans held the majority in the U.S. Senate (53-47). Donald Trump (R) was the president and Mike Pence (R) was the vice president. We identified the key votes below using Congress' top-viewed bills list and through marquee coverage of certain votes on Ballotpedia.

Key votes: 116th Congress, 2019-2021

Vote

Bill and description

Status

Yea

Fairness for High-Skilled Immigrants Act of 2020

The Fairness for High-Skilled Immigrants Act of 2020 (H.R. 1044) was a bill passed by the House of Representatives seeking to increase the cap on employment-based visas, establish certain rules governing such visas, and impose some additional requirements on employers hiring holders of such visas. The bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House to suspend the rules and pass the bill as amended.^[10]

Passed (365-65)

Yea

The Heroes Act

The HEROES Act (H.R. 6800) was a bill approved by the House of Representatives that sought to address the COVID-19 outbreak by providing $1,200 payments to individuals, extending and expanding the moratorium on some evictions and foreclosures, outlining requirements and establishing finding for contact tracing and COVID-19 testing, providing emergency supplemental appropriations to federal agencies for fiscal year 2020, and eliminating cost-sharing for COVID-19 treatments. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[11]

Passed (208-199)

Yea

For the People Act of 2019

The For the People Act of 2019 (H.R.1) was a bill approved by the House of Representatives that sought to protect election security, revise rules on campaign funding, introduce new provisions related to ethics, establish independent, nonpartisan redistricting commissions, and establish new rules on the release of tax returns for presidential and vice presidential candidates. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[12]

Passed (234-193)

Yea

CARES Act

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (H.R. 748) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on March 27, 2020, that expanded benefits through the joint federal-state unemployment insurance program during the coronavirus pandemic. The legislation also included $1,200 payments to certain individuals, funding for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits, and funds for businesses, hospitals, and state and local governments. This bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House.^[13]

Passed (419-6)

Yea

Equality Act

The Equality Act (H.R. 5) was a bill approved by the House Representatives that sought to ban discrimination based on sex, sexual orientation, and gender identity by expanding the definition of establishments that fall under public accomodation and prohibiting the denial of access to a shared facility that is in agreement with an indiviual's gender indenitity. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[14]

Passed (236-173)

Yea

Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2019

The Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2019 (H.R. 8) was a bill approved by the House that sought to ban firearm transfers between private parties unless a licensed gun dealer, manufacturer, or importer first takes possession of the firearm to conduct a background check. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[15]

Passed (240-190)

Yea

American Dream and Promise Act of 2019

The American Dream and Promise Act of 2019 (H.R.6) was a bill approved by the House Representatives that sought to protect certain immigrants from removal proceedings and provide a path to permanent resident status by establishing streamlined procedures for permanant residency and canceling removal proceedings against certain qualifed individuals. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[16]

Passed (237-187)

Yea

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020

The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (S. 1790) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on December 20, 2019, setting policies and appropriations for the Department of Defense. Key features of this bill include appropriations for research/development, procurement, military construction, and operation/maintenence, as well as policies for paid family leave, North Korea nuclear sanctions, limiting the use of criminal history in federal hiring and contracting, military housing privatization, and paid family leave for federal personnel. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[17]

Passed (377-48)

Yea

Families First Coronavirus Response Act

The Families First Coronavirus Response Act (H.R. 6201) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on March 18, 2020, addressing the COVID-19 pandemic by increasing access to unemployment benefits and food assistance, increasing funding for Medicaid, providing free testing for COVID-19, and requiring employers to provide paid sick time to employees who cannot work due to COVID-19. The bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House.^[18]

Passed (363-40)

Yea

Setting Every Community Up for Retirement Enhancement Act of 2019

The Setting Every Community Up for Retirement Enhancement Act (H.R. 1994) was a bill passed by the House Representatives that sought to change the requirements for employer provided retirement plans, IRAs, and other tax-favored savings accounts by modfying the requirements for things such as loans, lifetime income options, required minimum distributions, the eligibility rules for certain long-term, part-time employees, and nondiscrimination rules. The bill also sought to treat taxable non-tuition fellowship and stipend payments as compensation for the purpose of an IRA, repeal the maximum age for traditional IRA contributions, increase penalties for failing to file tax returns, allow penalty-free withdrawals from retirement plans if a child is born or adopted, and expand the purposes for which qualified tuition programs may be used. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House. ^[19]

Passed (417-3)

Yea

Elijah E. Cummings Lower Drug Costs Now Act

The Elijah E. Cummings Lower Drug Costs Now Act (H.R. 3) was a bill approved by the House Representatives that sought to address the price of healthcare by requiring the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to negotiate prices for certain drugs, requiring drug manufactures to issue rebates for certain drugs covered under Medicare, requiring drug price transparency from drug manufacturers, expanding Medicare coverage, and providing funds for certain public health programs. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[20]

Passed (230-192)

Yea

Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020

The Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (H.R. 1865) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on December 20, 2019, providing appropriations for federal agencies in fiscal year 2020. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[21]

Passed (297-120)

Yea

Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act of 2019

The Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act of 2019 (S. 1838) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on November 27, 2019, directing several federal departments to assess Hong Kong's unique treatment under U.S. law. Key features of the bill include directing the Department of State to report and certify annually to Congress as to whether Hong Kong is sufficiently autonomous from China to justify its unique treatment, and directing the Department of Commerce to report annually to Congress on China's efforts to use Hong Kong to evade U.S. export controls and sanctions. This bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House.^[22]

Passed (417-1)

Yea

MORE Act of 2020

The MORE Act of 2020 (H.R. 3884) was a bill approved by the House of Representatives that sought to decriminalize marijuana by removing marijuana as a scheduled controlled substance and eliminating criminal penalties for an individual who manufactures, distributes, or possesses marijuana. This bill required a simple majority vote from the House.^[23]

Passed (228-164)

Yea

Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020

The Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020 (H.R. 6074) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on March 6, 2020, providing emergency funding to federal agencies in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. Key features of the bill include funding for vaccine research, small business loans, humanitarian assistance to affected foreign countries, emergency preparedness, and grants for public health agencies and organizations. This bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House to suspend the rules and pass the bill.^[24]

Passed (415-2)

Yea

Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019

The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019 (H.J.Res. 31) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on February 15, 2019, providing approrations for Fiscal Year 2019. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[25]

Passed (300 -128)

Yea

John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act

The John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act (S. 47) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Doanld Trump on March 12, 2019. This bill sought to set provisions for federal land management and conservation by doing things such as conducting land exchanges and conveyances, establishing programs to respond to wildfires, and extending and reauthorizing wildlife conservation programs. This bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House.^[26]

Passed (363-62)

Yea

William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (On passage)

The William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (H.R. 6395) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and vetoed by President Donald Trump on December 23, 2020. Congress voted to override Trump's veto, and the bill became law on January 1, 2021. The bill set Department of Defense policies and appropriations for Fiscal Year 2021. Trump vetoed the bill due to disagreement with provisions related to Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, the renaming of certain military installations, limits on emergency military construction fund usage, and limits on troop withdrawals. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House on passage, and a two-thirds majority vote in the House to override Trump's veto.^[27]

Passed (335-78)

Yea

William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (Overcoming veto)

The William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (H.R. 6395) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and vetoed by President Donald Trump on December 23, 2020. Congress voted to override Trump's veto, and the bill became law on January 1, 2021. The bill set Department of Defense policies and appropriations for Fiscal Year 2021. Trump vetoed the bill due to disagreement with provisions related to Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, the renaming of certain military installations, limits on emergency military construction fund usage, and limits on troop withdrawals. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House on passage, and a two-thirds majority vote in the House to override Trump's veto.^[28]

Passed (322-87)

Yea

Government Employee Fair Treatment Act of 2019

The Government Employee Fair Treatment Act of 2019 (S.24) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on January 16, 2019, that requires federal employees who were furloughed or compelled to work during a lapse in government funding to be compensated for that time. The bill also required those employees to be compensated as soon as the lapse in funding ends, irregardless of official pay date. This bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House to suspend the rules and pass the bill.^[29]

Passed (411-7)

Yea

Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors. (Article 1)

The 2020 impeachment of Donald Trump (R) was a resolution before the 116th Congress to set forth two articles of impeachment saying that Trump abused his power and obstructed congress. The first article was related to allegations that Trump requested the Ukrainian government investigate former Vice President Joe Biden (D) and his son, Hunter Biden, in exchange for aid, and the second was related to Trump's response to the impeachment inquiry. The House of Representatives approved both articles of impeachment, and the Senate adjudged that Trump was not guilty of either charge. The articles of impeachment required a simple majority vote in the House. ^[30]

Guilty (230-197)

Yea

Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors. (Article 2)

The 2020 impeachment of Donald Trump (R) was a resolution before the 116th Congress to set forth two articles of impeachment saying that Trump abused his power and obstructed congress. The first article was related to allegations that Trump requested the Ukrainian government investigate former Vice President Joe Biden (D) and his son, Hunter Biden, in exchange for aid, and the second was related to Trump's response to the impeachment inquiry. The House of Representatives approved both articles of impeachment, and the Senate adjudged that Trump was not guilty of either charge. The articles of impeachment required a simple majority vote in the House. ^[31]

Guilty (229-198)

Key votes: Previous sessions of Congress

Key votes (click "show" to expand or "hide" to contract)

Key votes: 115th Congress, 2017-2018

For detailed information about each vote, click here.

Votes on domestic policy (click to expand)

Voted Yea on: Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018 (Conference report) (HR 2)

Bill Passed (369-47) on December 12, 2018

Proposed providing funding for commodity support, conservation, trade and international food aid, nutrition assistance, farm credit, rural development, research and extension activities, forestry, horticulture, and crop insurance through fiscal year 2023.^[32]

Voted Nay on: Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018 (HR 2 (second vote))

Bill Passed (213-211) on June 21, 2018

Proposed providing funding for commodity support, conservation, trade and international food aid, nutrition assistance, farm credit, rural development, research and extension activities, forestry, horticulture, and crop insurance. It also proposed modifying the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, previously known as the food stamp program.^[33]

Voted Nay on: Securing America’s Future Act of 2018 (HR 4760)

Bill Failed (193-231) on June 21, 2018

Proposed funding a border wall, limiting legal immigration, a mandatory worker verification program, allowing DACA recipients to apply for legal status, and preventing separation of families at the border.^[34]

Voted Yea on: Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018 (HR 2)

Bill Passed (369-47) on December 12, 2018

Reauthorizes through FY2023 and modifies some Department of Agriculture (USDA) programs.^[35]

Voted Nay on: Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act (HR 36)

Bill Passed (237-189) on October 3, 2017

Proposed amending the federal criminal code to make it a crime for any person to perform or attempt to perform an abortion if the probable post-fertilization age of the fetus was 20 weeks or more. The bill provided exceptions for an abortion: (1) that was necessary to save the life of the pregnant woman, or (2) when the pregnancy was the result of rape or incest.^[36]

Voted Nay on: Kate's Law (HR 3004)

Bill Passed (257-167) on June 29, 2017

Proposed increasing criminal penalties for individuals in the country illegally who were convicted of certain crimes, deported, and then re-entered the U.S. illegally.^[37]

Voted Nay on: No Sanctuary for Criminals Act (HR 3003)

Bill Passed (228-195) on June 29, 2017

Proposed withholding federal funds from states and localities that chose not to follow federal immigration laws.^[38]

Voted Nay on: American Health Care Act of 2017 (HR 1628)

Bill passed (217-213) on May 4, 2017

Proposed modifying the budgetary and fiscal provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as Obamacare.^[39]

Votes on economic affairs and regulations (click to expand)

Voted Yea on: Department of Defense and Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Act, 2019 (Conference report) (HR 6157)

Bill Passed (361-61) on September 26, 2018

Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Departments of Defense, Health and Human Services (HHS), Labor, and Education.^[40]

Voted Yea on: Energy and Water, Legislative Branch, and Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Act, 2019 (Conference report) (HR 5895)

Bill Passed (377-20) on September 13, 2018

Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Department of Energy, water resources, the legislative branch, military construction, and the Department of Veterans Affairs, among other programs.^[41]

Voted Yea on: Department of Defense and Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Act, 2019 (HR 6157)

Bill Passed (359-49) on June 28, 2018

Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Departments of Defense, Health and Human Services (HHS), Labor, and Education.^[42]

Voted Yea on: Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2019 (HR 5895)

Bill Passed (235-179) on June 8, 2018

Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Department of Energy, water resources, the legislative branch, military construction, and the Department of Veterans Affairs, among other programs.^[43]

Voted Nay on: Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act (S 2155)

Bill Passed (258-159) on May 22, 2018

Proposed exempting some banks from the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act^[44]

Voted Yea on: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 1625)

Bill Passed (256-167) on March 22, 2018

Proposed providing appropriations for fiscal year 2018, and for other purposes.^[45]

Voted Yea on: The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (HR 1892)

Bill Passed (240-186) on February 9, 2018

Proposed providing appropriations through March 23, 2018.^[46]

Voted Yea on: Further Extension Of Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 1892)

Bill Passed (245-182) on February 6, 2018

Proposed providing appropriations through March 23, 2018.^[47]

Voted Yea on: Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2018, and for other purposes. (HR 195)

Bill Passed (266-150) on January 22, 2018

Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through February 8, 2018.^[48]

Voted Nay on: Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2018, and for other purposes. (HR 195)

Bill Passed (230-197) on January 18, 2018

Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through February 16, 2018.^[49]

Voted Yea on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 1370)

Bill Passed (231-188) on December 21, 2017

Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through January 19, 2018.^[50]

Voted Nay on: Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (HR 1)

Bill Passed (227-203) on December 19, 2017

Proposed providing for reconciliation pursuant to titles II and V of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2018.^[51]

Voted Nay on: Making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2018, and for other purposes (HJ Res 123)

Bill Passed (235-193) on December 7, 2017

Proposed funding the government until December 22, 2017.^[52]

Voted Nay on: Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (HR 1)

Bill Passed (227-205) on November 16, 2017

Proposed amending the Internal Revenue Code to reduce tax rates and modify policies, credits, and deductions for individuals and businesses.^[53]

Voted Nay on: Establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2018 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2019 through 2027. (H Con Res 71)

Bill Passed (216-212) on October 26, 2017

Proposed establishing the congressional budget for the federal government for FY2018 and setting forth budgetary levels for FY2019-FY2027. (This bill proposed adopting the Senate's budget resolution.)^[54]

Voted Nay on: Establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2018 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2019 through 2027. (H Con Res 71)

Bill Passed (219-206) on October 5, 2017

Proposed establishing the congressional budget for the federal government for FY2018 and setting forth budgetary levels for FY2019-FY2027.^[55]

Voted Nay on: Make America Secure and Prosperous Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 3354)

Bill Passed (211-198) on September 14, 2017

Proposed providing FY2018 appropriations for the federal government. It combined 12 appropriations bills.^[56]

Voted Yea on: Disaster Relief Appropriations Act, 2017 (Included amendments to suspend the debt ceiling and fund the government) (HR 601)

Bill Passed (316-90) on September 8, 2017

Proposed suspending the debt ceiling and funding the government until December 8, 2017, and providing funding for Hurricanes Harvey and Irma relief efforts.^[57]

Disaster Relief Appropriations Act, 2017 (HR 601)

Bill Passed (419-3) on September 6, 2017

Proposed providing $7.85 billion for disaster relief requirements, including response and recovery efforts from Hurricane Harvey.^[58]

Voted Nay on: Financial CHOICE Act of 2017 (HR 10)

Bill passed (233-186) on June 8, 2017

Proposed amending the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, among other acts.^[59]

Voted Yea on: Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2017 (HR 244)

Bill passed (309-118) on May 3, 2017

Proposed a $1.2 trillion budget to fund the government through the end of the fiscal year on September 30, 2017.^[60]

Votes on foreign policy and national security issues (click to expand)

Voted Yea on: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (HR 5515)

Bill Passed (351-66) on May 24, 2018

Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for Department of Defense (DOD) programs and activities^[61]

Voted Yea on: Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 695)

Bill Passed (250-166) on January 30, 2018

Proposed providing appropriations for military functions administered by the Department of Defense and for other purposes, for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2018.^[62]

Voted Yea on: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018—Conference report (HR 2810)

Bill Passed (356-70) on November 14, 2017

Proposed authorizing FY2018 appropriations and setting forth policies for Department of Defense (DOD) programs and activities, including military personnel strengths.^[63]

Voted Nay on: Make America Secure Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 3219)

Bill Passed (235-192) on July 27, 2017

Proposed making appropriations for defense, military construction, Veterans Affairs, the Legislative Branch, energy and water development, and for other purposes for the fiscal year ending on September 30, 2018.^[64]

Voted Yea on: Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (HR 3364)

Bill Passed (419-3) on July 25, 2017

Proposed providing congressional review and measures to counter aggression by the governments of Iran, the Russian Federation, and North Korea, and for other purposes.^[65]

Voted Yea on: Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (HR 3180, second vote)

Bill Passed (380-35) on July 28, 2017

Proposed authorizing appropriations for fiscal year 2018 for intelligence and intelligence-related activities of the United States Government, the Community Management Account, and the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System, and for other purposes.^[66]

Voted Yea on: Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (HR 3180)

Bill Failed (241-163) on July 24, 2017

Proposed authorizing appropriations for fiscal year 2018 for intelligence and intelligence-related activities of the United States Government, the Community Management Account, and the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System, and for other purposes.^[67]

Voted Yea on: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (HR 2810)

Bill Passed (344-81) on July 14, 2017

Proposed authorizing fiscal year 2018 appropriations and setting forth policies for Department of Defense (DOD) programs and activities, including military personnel strengths. It did not provide budget authority.^[68]

Voted Yea on: Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2017 (HR 1301)

Bill passed (371-48) on March 8, 2017

The $577.9 billion fiscal year 2017 defense spending bill proposed $516.1 billion in base budget funding and $61.8 billion for Overseas Contingency Operations/ Global War on Terrorism funding.^[69]

114th Congress

The first session of the 114th Congress enacted into law six out of the 2,616 introduced bills (0.2 percent). Comparatively, the 113th Congress had 1.3 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the first session. In the second session, the 114th Congress enacted 133 out of 3,159 introduced bills (4.2 percent). Comparatively, the 113th Congress had 7.0 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the second session.^[70]^[71] For more information pertaining to Loebsack's voting record in the 114th Congress, please see the below sections.^[72]

Economic and fiscal

Trade Act of 2015

See also: The Trans-Pacific Partnership trade deal, 2015

Trade adjustment assistance
On June 12, 2015, the House rejected the trade adjustment assistance (TAA) measure in HR 1314—the Trade Act of 2015—by a vote of 126-302. Trade adjustment assistance (TAA) is a federal program providing American workers displaced by foreign trade agreements with job training and services. The measure was packaged with trade promotion authority (TPA), also known as fast-track authority. TPA is a legislative procedure that allows Congress to define "U.S. negotiating objectives and spells out a detailed oversight and consultation process for during trade negotiations. Under TPA, Congress retains the authority to review and decide whether any proposed U.S. trade agreement will be implemented," according to the Office of the United States Trade Representative. Loebsack was one of 144 Democrats to vote against the bill.^[73]^[74]
Trade promotion authority
On June 12, 2015, the House passed the trade promotion authority (TPA) measure in HR 1314—the Trade Act of 2015 —by a vote of 219-211. TPA gives the president fast-track authority to negotiate trade agreements sent to Congress without the opportunity for amendment or filibuster. Although the House approved TPA, it was a largely symbolic vote given the measure was part of a package trade bill including trade adjustment assistance (TAA), which was rejected earlier the same day. Loebsack was one of 157 Democrats to vote against the measure.^[75]^[76]
Trade promotion authority second vote
After the trade adjustment assistance (TAA) and trade promotion authority (TPA) did not pass the House together on June 12, 2015, representatives voted to authorize TPA alone as an amendment to HR 2146—the Defending Public Safety Employees' Retirement Act—on June 18, 2015. The amendment passed by a vote of 218-208, with all voting members of the House maintaining his or her original position on TPA except for Ted Yoho (R-Fla.). Loebsack was one of 158 Democrats to vote against the amendment.^[77]^[78]
Trade adjustment assistance second vote
The House passed HR 1295—the Trade Preferences Extension Act of 2015—on June 25, 2015, by a vote of 286-138. The Senate packaged trade adjustment assistance (TAA) in this bill after the House rejected the TAA measure in HR 1314—the Trade Act of 2015. Along with trade promotion authority (TPA), which Congress passed as part of HR 2146—the Defending Public Safety Employees' Retirement Act—TAA became law on June 29, 2015. Loebsack was one of 175 Democrats to vote in favor of HR 1295.^[79]^[80]

Defense spending authorization

On May 15, 2015, the House passed HR 1735—the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016—by a vote of 269-151. The bill "authorizes FY2016 appropriations and sets forth policies for Department of Defense (DOD) programs and activities, including military personnel strengths. It does not provide budget authority, which is provided in subsequent appropriations legislation." Loebsack voted with 40 Democrats and 228 Republicans to approve the bill.^[81] The Senate passed the bill on June 18, 2015, by a vote of 71-25. President Barack Obama vetoed the bill on October 22, 2015.^[82]

On November 5, 2015, the House passed S 1356—the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016—by a vote of 370-58. The second version of the $607 billion national defense bill included $5 billion in cuts to match what was approved in the budget and language preventing the closure of the Guantanamo Bay military prison.^[83]^[84] Loebsack voted with 134 other Democrats and 235 Republicans to approve the bill.^[85] On November 10, 2015, the Senate passed the bill by a vote of 91-3, and President Barack Obama signed it into law on November 25, 2015.^[86]

2016 Budget proposal

On April 30, 2015, the House voted to approve SConRes11, a congressional budget proposal for fiscal year 2016, by a vote of 226-197. The non-binding resolution was designed to create 12 appropriations bills to fund the government. All 183 Democrats who voted, including Loebsack, voted against the resolution.^[87]^[88]^[89]

2015 budget

On October 28, 2015, the House passed HR 1314—the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015—by a vote of 266-167. The bill increased military and domestic spending levels and suspended the debt ceiling until March 2017.^[90] Loebsack voted with 186 Democrats and 79 Republicans in favor of the bill.^[91] It passed the Senate on October 30, 2015.^[92] President Barack Obama signed it into law on November 2, 2015.

Foreign Affairs

Iran nuclear deal

See also: Iran nuclear agreement, 2015

On May 14, 2015, the House approved HR 1191—the Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015—by a vote of 400-25. The bill required President Barack Obama to submit the details of the nuclear deal with Iran for congressional review. Congress had 60 days to review the deal and vote to approve, disapprove, or take no action on the deal. During the review period, sanctions on Iran could not be lifted. Loebsack voted with 176 Democrats to approve the bill.^[93]^[94]

Approval of Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
On September 11, 2015, the House rejected HR 3461—To approve the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, signed at Vienna on July 14, 2015, relating to the nuclear program of Iran—by a vote of 162-269. The legislation proposed approving the nuclear agreement with Iran. Loebsack voted with 161 Democrats for the bill.^[95]^[96]

Suspension of Iran sanctions relief
On September 11, 2015, the House approved HR 3460—To suspend until January 21, 2017, the authority of the President to waive, suspend, reduce, provide relief from, or otherwise limit the application of sanctions pursuant to an agreement related to the nuclear program of Iran—by a vote of 247-186. HR 3460 prohibited "the President, prior to January 21, 2017, from: limiting the application of specified sanctions on Iran or refraining from applying any such sanctions; or removing a foreign person (including entities) listed in Attachments 3 or 4 to Annex II of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPA) from the list of designated nationals and blocked persons maintained by the Office of Foreign Asset Control of the Department of the Treasury." Loebsack voted with 185 Democrats against the bill.^[97]^[98]

Presidential non-compliance of section 2
On September 10, 2015, the House passed H Res 411—Finding that the President has not complied with section 2 of the Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015—by a vote of 245-186. Section 2 of the Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015 required the president to submit all materials related to the nuclear agreement for congressional review. House Republicans introduced the resolution because two agreements between the International Atomic Energy Agency and Iran were not submitted to Congress. Loebsack voted with 185 Democrats against the resolution.^[99]^[100]

Export-Import Bank

On October 27, 2015, the House passed HR 597—the Export-Import Bank Reform and Reauthorization Act of 2015—by a vote of 313-118. The bill proposed reauthorizing the Export-Import Bank and allowing it to resume offering assistance in the form of loans and insurance to foreign companies that wanted to buy U.S. goods.^[101] Loebsack voted with 185 Democrats and 127 Republicans in favor of the bill.^[102]

Domestic

USA FREEDOM Act of 2015

On May 13, 2015, the House passed HR 2048—the Uniting and Strengthening America by Fulfilling Rights and Ensuring Effective Discipline Over Monitoring Act of 2015 or the USA FREEDOM Act of 2015—by a vote of 338-88. The legislation revised HR 3199—the USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005—by ending the bulk collection of metadata under Sec. 215 of the act, requiring increased reporting from the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, and requiring the use of "a specific selection term as the basis for national security letters that request information from wire or electronic communication service providers, financial institutions, or consumer reporting agencies." Loebsack voted with 141 Democrats and 196 Republicans to approve the legislation. It became law on June 2, 2015.^[103]^[104]

Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act

On May 13, 2015, the House passed HR 36—the Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act—by a vote of 242-184. The bill proposed prohibiting abortions from being performed after a fetus was determined to be 20 weeks or older. The bill proposed exceptions in cases of rape, incest, or to save the life of the mother. Loebsack voted with 179 Democrats against the bill.^[105]^[106]

Cyber security

On April 23, 2015, the House passed HR 1731—the National Cybersecurity Protection Advancement Act of 2015—by a vote of 355-63. The bill proposed creating an information sharing program that would allow federal agencies and private entities to share information about cyber threats. It also proposed including liability protections for companies.^[107] Loebsack voted with 134 Democrats and 220 Republicans to approve the bill.^[108]

On April 22, 2015, the House passed HR 1560—the Protecting Cyber Networks Act—by a vote of 307-116.^[109] The bill proposed procedures that would allow federal agencies and private entities to share information about cyber threats. Loebsack voted with 104 Democrats and 202 Republicans in favor of the bill.^[110]

Immigration

On November 19, 2015, the House passed HR 4038—the American SAFE Act of 2015—by a vote of 289-137.^[111] The bill proposed instituting additional screening processes for refugees from Iraq and Syria who applied for admission to the U.S. Loebsack voted with 46 Democrats and 242 Republicans in favor of the bill.^[112]

113th Congress

The second session of the 113th Congress enacted into law 224 out of the 3215 introduced bills (7 percent). Comparatively, the 112th Congress had 4.2 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the second session.^[113] For more information pertaining to Loebsack's voting record in the 113th Congress, please see the below sections.^[114]

National security

DHS Appropriations

Loebsack voted in favor of HR 2217 - the DHS Appropriations Act of 2014. The bill passed the House on June 6, 2013, with a vote of 245 - 182 and was largely along party lines.^[115]

Keystone Pipeline Amendment

Loebsack voted in favor of House Amendment 69, which would have amended HR 3 to "require that the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, in consultation with the Department of Homeland Security, conduct a study of the vulnerabilities of the Keystone XL pipeline to a terrorist attack and certify that necessary protections have been put in place." The amendment failed on May 22, 2013, with a vote of 176 - 239 and was largely along party lines.^[115]

CISPA (2013)

Loebsack voted against HR 624 - the CISPA (2013). The bill passed the House on April 18, 2013, with a vote of 288 - 127. The bill permitted federal intelligence agencies to share cybersecurity intelligence and information with private entities and utilities.^[116] The bill was largely supported by Republicans, but divided the Democratic Party.^[115]

NDAA

Loebsack voted in support of HR 1960 - the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014. The bill passed the House on June 14, 2013, with a vote of 315 - 108. Both parties were somewhat divided on the vote.^[115]

Economy

Farm bill

On January 29, 2014, the U.S. House approved the Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act of 2013, H.R. 2642, also known as the Farm Bill.^[117] The bill passed by a vote of 251-166. The nearly 1,000-page bill reformed and continued various programs of the Department of Agriculture through 2018. The $1 trillion bill expanded crop insurance for farmers by $7 billion over the next decade and created new subsidies for rice and peanut growers that would kick in when prices drop.^[118]^[119] However, cuts to the food stamp program cut an average of $90 per month for 1.7 million people in 15 states.^[119] Loebsack voted with 88 other Democratic representatives in favor of the bill.

2014 Budget

On January 15, 2014, the Republican-run House approved H.R. 3547, a $1.1 trillion spending bill to fund the government through September 30, 2014.^[120]^[121] The House voted 359-67 for the 1,582 page bill, with 64 Republicans and three Democrats voting against the bill.^[121] The omnibus package included 12 annual spending bills to fund federal operations.^[122] It included a 1 percent increase in the paychecks of federal workers and military personnel, a $1 billion increase in Head Start funding for early childhood education, reduced funding to the Internal Revenue Service and the Environmental Protection Agency, and the protection of the Affordable Care Act from any drastic cuts. Loebsack joined with the majority of the Democratic party and voted in favor of the bill.^[120]^[121]

Government shutdown

See also: United States budget debate, 2013

On September 30, 2013, the House passed a final stopgap spending bill before the shutdown went into effect. The bill included a one-year delay of the Affordable Care Act's individual mandate and would have also stripped the bill of federal subsidies for congressional members and staff. It passed through the House with a vote of 228-201.^[123] At 1 a.m. on October 1, 2013, one hour after the shutdown officially began, the House voted to move forward with going to a conference. In short order, Sen. Harry Reid rejected the call to conference.^[124] Dave Loebsack voted against the stopgap spending bill that would have delayed the individual mandate.^[125]

The shutdown ended on October 16, 2013, when the House took a vote on HR 2775 after it was approved by the Senate. The bill to reopen the government lifted the $16.7 trillion debt limit and funded the government through January 15, 2014. Federal employees also received retroactive pay for the shutdown period. The only concession made by Senate Democrats was to require income verification for Obamacare subsidies.^[126] The House passed the legislation shortly after the Senate, by a vote of 285-144, with all 144 votes against the legislation coming from Republican members. Loebsack voted for HR 2775.^[127]

Immigration

Morton Memos Prohibition

Loebsack voted against House Amendment 136 - Prohibits the Enforcement of the Immigration Executive Order. The amendment was adopted by the House on June 6, 2013, with a vote of 224 - 201. The purpose of the amendment as stated on the official text is to "prohibit the use of funds to finalize, implement, administer, or enforce the Morton Memos." These memos would have granted administrative amnesty to certain individuals residing in the United States without legal status. The vote largely followed party lines.^[115]

Healthcare

Healthcare Reform Rules

Loebsack voted against House Amendment 450 - Requires Congressional Approval for Any Rules Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The amendment was adopted by the House on August 2, 2013, with a vote of 227-185. The amendment requires all changes to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act be approved by Congress before taking effect. The vote was largely along party lines.^[115]

Keep the IRS Off Your Healthcare Act

Loebsack voted against HR 2009 - Keep the IRS Off Your Healthcare Act of 2013. The bill passed through the House on August 2, 2013, with a vote of 232-185. The bill would prevent the IRS and Treasury Secretary from enforcing the powers provided to them in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The vote largely followed party lines.^[115]

Social issues

Amash amendment

Loebsack voted in favor of House Amendment 413 - Prohibits the National Security Agency from Collecting Records Under the Patriot Act. The amendment failed on July 4, 2013, by a vote of 205-217. The amendment would have prohibited the collection of records by the National Security Agency under the Patriot Act. Both parties were split on the vote.^[115]

Previous congressional sessions

Fiscal Cliff

Loebsack voted for the fiscal cliff compromise bill, which made permanent most of the Bush tax cuts originally passed in 2001 and 2003 while also raising tax rates on the highest income levels. He was one of 172 Democrats who voted in favor of the bill. The bill was passed in the House by a 257 - 167 vote on January 1, 2013.^[128]

Issues

National security

American response in Syria

See also: United States involvement in Syria

More than 100 House lawmakers signed a letter urging President Barack Obama to call Congress back into session if he planned to use military force in Syria.^[129]

Rep. Scott Rigell wrote in the letter in August 2013, “Engaging our military in Syria when no direct threat to the United States exists and without prior congressional authorization would violate the separation of powers that is clearly delineated in the Constitution.”^[129]^[130]

The members of Congress believed that Obama should have asked Congress for permission before engaging in Libya. The letter asked, “If the use of 221 Tomahawk cruise missles, [sic] 704 Joint Direct Attack Munitions, and 42 Predator Hellfire missiles expended in Libya does not constitute ‘hostilities,’ what does?”^[130]

The letter stated, “If you deem that military action in Syria is necessary, Congress can reconvene at your request. We stand ready to come back into session, consider the facts before us, and share the burden of decisions made regarding U.S. involvement in the quickly escalating Syrian conflict."^[130]

A total of 98 Republicans signed the letter. Loebsack was one of 18 Democratic members to sign the letter.^[130]

On August 29, 2013, 53 House Democrats signed a letter written by California Rep. Barbara Lee that called for a congressional resolution on strikes and cautioned that the situation in Syria "should not draw us into an unwise war—especially without adhering to our constitutional requirements."^[130]^[131] The letter also called on the Obama administration to work with the U.N. Security Council “to build international consensus” condemning the alleged use of chemical weapons. Loebsack was one of the 53 Democrats in the House to sign the letter.^[130]^[131]

Elections

2020

See also: Iowa's 2nd Congressional District election, 2020

Dave Loebsack did not file to run for re-election.

2018

General election

General election for U.S. House Iowa District 2

Incumbent Dave Loebsack defeated Chris Peters, Mark Strauss, and Daniel Clark in the general election for U.S. House Iowa District 2 on November 6, 2018.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Dave Loebsack (D)	54.8	171,446
	Chris Peters (R)	42.6	133,287
	Mark Strauss (L)	2.0	6,181
	Daniel Clark (Independent)	0.6	1,837
	Other/Write-in votes	0.1	162

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 312,913 (100.00% precincts reporting)
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Iowa District 2

Incumbent Dave Loebsack advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House Iowa District 2 on June 5, 2018.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Dave Loebsack	100.0	42,378

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified.	Total votes: 42,378
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If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
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Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Iowa District 2

Chris Peters defeated Ginny Caligiuri in the Republican primary for U.S. House Iowa District 2 on June 5, 2018.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Chris Peters	87.5	18,056
	Submit photo	Ginny Caligiuri (Write-in)	11.6	2,389
		Other/Write-in votes	0.9	181

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 20,626
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2016

See also: Iowa's 2nd Congressional District election, 2016

Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Democratic. Incumbent Dave Loebsack (D) defeated Chris Peters (R) in the general election on November 8, 2016. Neither candidate faced a primary challenger in June.^[132]

**U.S. House, Iowa District 2 General Election, 2016**
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Dave Loebsack Incumbent	53.7%	198,571
	Republican	Christopher Peters	46.2%	170,933
	N/A	Write-in	0.1%	528
Total Votes				370,032
Source: Iowa Secretary of State

2014

See also: Iowa's 2nd Congressional District elections, 2014

Loebsack ran for re-election to the U.S. House in 2014. He ran unopposed for the Democratic nomination in the primary election. The general election took place on November 4, 2014.

**U.S. House, Iowa District 2 General Election, 2014**
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Dave Loebsack Incumbent	52.5%	143,431
	Republican	Mariannette Miller-Meeks	47.4%	129,455
	Write-in	Other	0.2%	443
Total Votes				273,329
Source: Iowa Secretary of State Official Results

2012

See also: Iowa's 2nd Congressional District elections, 2012

Loebsack ran in the 2012 election for the U.S. House to represent Iowa's 2nd District. Loebsack won the nomination on the Democratic ticket.^[133] Loebsack defeated Joe Seng in the Democratic primary.^[134] He defeated John Archer in the general election, who defeated Dan Dolan in the Republican primary.

**U.S. House, Iowa District 2 General Election, 2012**
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Dave Loebsack Incumbent	55.6%	211,863
	Republican	John Archer	42.5%	161,977
	Independent	Alan Aversa	1.9%	7,112
Total Votes				380,952
Source: Iowa Secretary of State "Official Election Results, 2012 General Election"

**U.S. House, Iowa District 2 Democratic Primary, 2012**
Candidate	Vote %	Votes
Dave Loebsack Incumbent	81.7%	17,467
Joe Seng	18.3%	3,913
Total Votes		21,380

Media

Loebsack released this campaign ad on Sept. 20, 2012. It targeted Archer for outsourcing.

Dave Loebsack, "The Problem"^[135]

Dave Loebsack

Polls

Dave Loebsack vs. John Archer
Poll	Dave Loebsack	John Archer	Undecided	Margin of error	Sample size

Desmoines Register (June 25 to 27, 2012)	48%	43%	10%	+/-4.9	400
Note: The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to [email protected].

Full history

To view the full congressional electoral history for Dave Loebsack, click [show] to expand the section.

2010

On November 2, 2010, Dave Loebsack won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Mariannette Miller-Meeks (R), Gary Sicard (L) and Jon Tack (C) in the general election.^[136]

U.S. House, Iowa District 2 General Election, 2010
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Dave Loebsack incumbent	51%	115,839
	Republican	Mariannette Miller-Meeks	45.9%	104,319
	Libertarian	Gary Sicard	1.9%	4,356
	Constitution	Jon Tack	1.1%	2,463
	N/A	Write-In	0.1%	198
Total Votes				227,175

2008

On November 4, 2008, Dave Loebsack won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Mariannette Miller-Meeks (R), Wendy Barth (G) and Brian White (No Party Affiliation) in the general election.^[137]

U.S. House, Iowa District 2 General Election, 2008
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Dave Loebsack incumbent	57.2%	175,218
	Republican	Mariannette Miller-Meeks	38.8%	118,778
	Green	Wendy Barth	2.2%	6,664
	Independent	Brian White	1.8%	5,437
Total Votes				306,097

2006

On November 7, 2006, Dave Loebsack won election to the United States House. He defeated James A. Leach (R) in the general election.^[138]

U.S. House, Iowa District 2 General Election, 2006
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Dave Loebsack	51.4%	107,683
	Republican	James A. Leach incumbent	48.6%	101,707
Total Votes				209,390

Campaign themes

2016

The following issues were listed on Loebsack's campaign website. For a full list of campaign themes, click here.

“

Jobs: I grew up in poverty and know what it is like to pinch pennies and to sit around the kitchen table and worry about paying the bills. We must take our economy back and ensure that the people on Main Street, the ordinary people who are the backbone of this nation, are able to once again live in a country where the American Dream is attainable.

Education: I would not be where I am today without the great education I received in Iowa public schools. I have worked to drive industry and job growth through workforce development, spur the economic development needed to create jobs and jump start the economy now, and prepare our children for the good-paying jobs of tomorrow.

Tax Relief: I grew up in poverty and know what it is like to sit around the kitchen table and worry about paying the bills. In order to help Iowa families and small businesses move forward, I have pushed for a number of tax cuts and incentives.

Fiscal Discipline: As a father and a grandfather, I am deeply concerned about the impact of the unsustainable debt on the future of our economy. I also know that Iowa families have been struggling for far too long in the worst economic downturn since the Great Depression.

Energy: It is long past time that our country implemented an effective, long-term energy policy that controls gas prices for families, businesses, and farmers; enhances our national security; and promotes economic development and job creation for Iowans.

^[139]

”

—Dave Loebsack's campaign website, http://loebsackforcongress.org/issues/

Campaign finance summary

Note: The finance data shown here comes from the disclosures required of candidates and parties. Depending on the election or state, this may represent only a portion of all the funds spent on their behalf. Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer. Campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. For elections to federal offices, complete data can be found at the FEC website. Click here for more on federal campaign finance law and here for more on state campaign finance law.

Dave Loebsack campaign contribution history
Year	Office	Status	Contributions	Expenditures
2018	U.S. House Iowa District 2	Won general	$2,062,526	$2,354,380
2016	U.S. House, Iowa District 2	Won	$1,604,923	N/A**
2014	U.S. House (Iowa, District 2)	Won	$1,733,368	N/A**
2012	U.S. House Iowa District 2	Won	$1,562,539	N/A**
2010	U.S. House Iowa District 2	Won	$1,122,051	N/A**
2008	U.S. House Iowa District 2	Won	$887,184	N/A**
2006	U.S. House Iowa District 2	Won	$521,636	N/A**
** Data on expenditures is not available for this election cycle
Note: Totals above reflect only available data.

Personal Gain Index

See also: Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress)

The Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress) is a two-part measurement that illustrates the extent to which members of the U.S. Congress have prospered during their tenure as public servants.
It consists of two different metrics:

PGI: Change in net worth

See also: Changes in Net Worth of U.S. Senators and Representatives (Personal Gain Index) and Net worth of United States Senators and Representatives

Based on congressional financial disclosure forms and calculations made available by OpenSecrets.org, Loebsack's net worth as of 2012 was estimated between $298,018 and $922,000. That averages to $610,009, which is lower than the average net worth of Democratic representatives in 2012 of $5,700,168.36. Loebsack ranked as the 253rd most wealthy representative in 2012.^[140] Between 2006 and 2012, Loebsack's calculated net worth^[141] increased by an average of 7 percent per year. Between 2004 and 2012, the average annual percentage increase for a member of Congress was 15.4 percent.^[142]

Dave Loebsack Yearly Net Worth
Year	Average Net Worth
2006	$435,615
2012	$610,009
Growth from 2006 to 2012:	40%
Average annual growth:	7%^[143]
Comparatively, the American citizen experienced a median yearly decline in net worth of -0.94%.^[144]

The data used to calculate changes in net worth may include changes resulting from assets gained through marriage, inheritance, changes in family estates and/or trusts, changes in family business ownership, and many other variables unrelated to a member's behavior in Congress.

PGI: Donation Concentration Metric

See also: The Donation Concentration Metric (U.S. Congress Personal Gain Index)

Filings required by the Federal Election Commission report on the industries that give to each candidate. Using campaign filings and information calculated by OpenSecrets.org, Ballotpedia calculated the percentage of donations by industry received by each incumbent over the course of his or her career (or 1989 and later, if elected prior to 1988). Loebsack received the most donations from individuals and PACs employed by the Leadership PACs industry.

From 2005-2014, 28.68 percent of Loebsack's career contributions came from the top five industries as listed below.^[145]

Dave Loebsack Campaign Contributions
Total Raised	$5,089,755
Total Spent	$4,380,419
Top five industries that contributed to campaign committee
Leadership PACs	$327,745
Lawyers/Law Firms	$320,194
Building Trade Unions	$280,700
Public Sector Unions	$272,500
Health Professionals	$258,367
% total in top industry	6.44%
% total in top two industries	12.73%
% total in top five industries	28.68%

Analysis

Ideology and leadership

See also: GovTrack's Political Spectrum & Legislative Leadership ranking

Based on an analysis of bill sponsorship by GovTrack, Loebsack was a "rank-and-file Democrat," as of July 31, 2014. This was the same rating Loebsack received in June 2013.^[146]

Like-minded colleagues

The website OpenCongress tracks the voting records of each member to determine with whom he or she votes most and least often. The results include a member from each party.^[147]

Loebsack most often votes with:

Loebsack least often votes with:

Lifetime voting record

See also: Lifetime voting records of United States Senators and Representatives

According to the website GovTrack, Loebsack missed 158 of 6,868 roll call votes from January 2007 to September 2015. This amounted to 2.3 percent, which was higher than the median of 2.2 percent among representatives as of September 2015.^[148]

Congressional staff salaries

See also: Staff salaries of United States Senators and Representatives

The website Legistorm compiles staff salary information for members of Congress. Loebsack paid his congressional staff a total of $941,229 in 2011. He ranked 45th on the list of the lowest paid Democratic representative staff salaries and ranked 192nd overall of the lowest paid representative staff salaries in 2011. Overall, Iowa ranked 16th in average salary for representative staff. The average U.S. House of Representatives congressional staff was paid $954,912.20 in fiscal year 2011.^[149]

National Journal vote ratings

See also: National Journal vote ratings

Each year National Journal publishes an analysis of how liberally or conservatively each member of Congress voted in the previous year.

2013

Loebsack ranked 159th in the liberal rankings in 2013.^[150]

2012

Loebsack ranked 154th in the liberal rankings in 2012.^[151]

2011

Loebsack ranked 137th in the liberal rankings in 2011.^[152]

Voting with party

The website OpenCongress tracks how often members of Congress vote with the majority of the chamber caucus.

2014

Loebsack voted with the Democratic Party 90.0 percent of the time, which ranked 157th among the 204 House Democratic members as of July 2014.^[153]

2013

Loebsack voted with the Democratic Party 92.7 percent of the time, which ranked 151st among the 201 House Democratic members as of June 2013.^[154]

Notable endorsements

See also: Ballotpedia: Our approach to covering endorsements

This section displays endorsements this individual made in elections within Ballotpedia's coverage scope.

Notable candidate endorsements by Dave Loebsack
Endorsee	Election	Stage	Outcome
Joe Biden ^source (D, Working Families Party)	President of the United States (2020)	Primary	Won General
Pete Buttigieg ^source	President of the United States (2020)		Withdrew in Convention
Hillary Clinton ^source (D)	President of the United States (2016)	Primary	Lost General

2016 Democratic National Convention

Delegate to the 2016 DNC (click to expand)

See also: Democratic National Convention, 2016

Loebsack was a superdelegate to the 2016 Democratic National Convention from Iowa.^[155] Loebsack was one of seven superdelegates from Iowa. Superdelegates to the 2016 Democratic National Convention were not bound by the results of their state’s primary or caucus to support a specific presidential candidate. Loebsack supported Hillary Clinton for the Democratic nomination.^[156]Clinton formally won the Democratic nomination for president on July 26, 2016.^[157]

What is a superdelegate?

See also: Superdelegates and the 2016 Democratic National Convention

Superdelegates in 2016 were automatic delegates to the Democratic National Convention, meaning that, unlike regular delegates, they were not elected to this position. Also unlike regular delegates, they were not required to pledge their support to any presidential candidate, and they were not bound by the results of their state's presidential primary election or caucus. In 2016, superdelegates included members of the Democratic National Committee, Democratic members of Congress, Democratic governors, and distinguished party leaders, including former presidents and vice presidents. All superdelegates were free to support any presidential candidate of their choosing at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.^[158]

Iowa caucus results

See also: Presidential election in Iowa, 2016

Iowa Democratic Caucus, 2016
Candidate	Vote %	Votes	Delegates
Hillary Clinton	49.84%	700.47	23
Bernie Sanders	49.59%	696.92	21
Martin O'Malley	0.54%	7.63	0
Uncommitted	0.03%	0.46	0
Totals		1,405.48	44
Source: Iowa Democratic Party Votes = State Delegate Equivalents

Delegate allocation

See also: 2016 presidential nominations: calendar and delegate rules

Iowa had 51 delegates at the 2016 Democratic National Convention. Of this total, 44 were pledged delegates. National party rules stipulated how Democratic delegates in all states were allocated. Pledged delegates were allocated to a candidate in proportion to the votes he or she received in a state's primary or caucus. A candidate was eligible to receive a share of the state's pledged delegates if he or she won at least 15 percent of the votes cast in the primary or caucus. There were three types of pledged Democratic delegates: congressional district delegates, at-large delegates, and party leaders and elected officials (PLEOs). Congressional district delegates were allocated proportionally based on the primary or caucus results in a given district. At-large and PLEO delegates were allocated proportionally based on statewide caucus results.^[159]^[160]

Seven party leaders and elected officials served as unpledged delegates. These delegates were not required to adhere to the results of a state's primary or caucus.^[159]^[161]

Personal

Note: Please contact us if the personal information below requires an update.
Loebsack has four grown children with his wife, Terry.^[162]

Recent news

This section links to a Google news search for the term Dave + Loebsack + Iowa + House

Dave Loebsack News Feed

External links

Suggest a link

Social media:
- Facebook
Biographies:
Political profiles:
Financial (federal level):
Interest group ratings:
- Project Vote Smart
Issue positions:
- On The Issues
- Project Vote Smart
Public statements:
- Project Vote Smart
Voting record:
- Project Vote Smart
- Washington Post
Media appearances:
- C-SPAN
Media coverage:
- Washington Post

Footnotes

Political offices
Preceded by Jim Leach	U.S. House of Representatives - Iowa District 2 2007 - 2021	Succeeded by Mariannette Miller-Meeks (R)

[show]

Iowa's current delegation to the United States Congress

Senators

Joni Ernst (R)

Chuck Grassley (R)

Representatives

District 1

Mariannette Miller-Meeks (R)

District 2

Ashley Hinson (R)

District 3

Zach Nunn (R)

District 4

Randy Feenstra (R)

Republican Party (6)

[1] QC Times, "Iowa Congressman Dave Loebsack to retire in 2020," April 12, 2019

[2] Congressman Dave Loebsack, "Biography," accessed January 30, 2019

[bioguide-3] Biographical Guide to Members of Congress, "Dave Loebsack," accessed November 5, 2011

[4] Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, "LOEBSACK, Dave, (1952 - )," accessed February 10, 2015

[5] U.S. House Clerk, "Official Alphabetical List of the House of Representatives of the United States One Hundred Fifteenth Congress," accessed February 2, 2017

[6] U.S. House of Representatives, Office of the Clerk, "Committee Information," accessed February 18, 2015

[7] CQ.com, "House Committee Rosters for the 113th Congress," accessed March 3, 2013

[8] U.S. House of Representatives, "Committee Assignments," accessed March 29, 2014

[9] U.S. Congress House Clerk, "House of Representatives Committee Assignments," accessed November 5, 2011

[10] Congress.gov, "H.R.1044 - Fairness for High-Skilled Immigrants Act of 2020," accessed March 22, 2024

[11] Congress.gov, "H.R.6800 - The Heroes Act," accessed April 23, 2024

[12] Congress.gov, "H.R.1 - For the People Act of 2019," accessed April 23, 2024

[13] Congress.gov, "H.R.748 - CARES Act," accessed April 23, 2024

[14] Congress.gov, "H.R.5 - Equality Act," accessed April 23, 2024

[15] Congress.gov, "H.R.8 - Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2019," accessed April 23, 2024

[16] Congress.gov, "H.R.6 - American Dream and Promise Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024

[17] Congress.gov, "S.1790 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020," accessed April 27, 2024

[18] Congress.gov, "H.R.6201 - Families First Coronavirus Response Act," accessed April 24, 2024

[19] Congress.gov, "H.R.1994 - Setting Every Community Up for Retirement Enhancement Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024

[20] Congress.gov, "H.R.3 - Elijah E. Cummings Lower Drug Costs Now Act," accessed March 22, 2024

[21] Congress.gov, "H.R.1865 - Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020," accessed April 27, 2024

[22] Congress.gov, "S.1838 - Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024

[23] Congress.gov, "H.R.3884 - MORE Act of 2020," accessed April 27, 2024

[24] Congress.gov, "H.R.6074 - Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020," accessed April 27, 2024

[25] Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.31 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019," accessed April 27, 2024

[26] Congress.gov, "S.47 - John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act," accessed April 27, 2024

[27] Congress.gov, "H.R.6395 - William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021," accessed April 27, 2024

[28] Congress.gov, "H.R.6395 - William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021," accessed April 27, 2024

[29] Congress.gov, "S.24 - Government Employee Fair Treatment Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024

[30] Congress.gov, "H.Res.755 - Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors," accessed April 27, 2024

[31] Congress.gov, "H.Res.755 - Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors," accessed April 27, 2024

[32] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 434," accessed December 13, 2018

[33] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 284," June 21, 2018

[34] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 282," June 21, 2018

[35] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 434," accessed March 12, 2019

[36] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 549," October 3, 2017

[37] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 344," June 29, 2017

[38] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 342," June 29, 2017

[39] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 256," May 4, 2017

[40] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 405," September 26, 2018

[41] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 399," September 13, 2018

[42] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 313," June 28, 2018

[43] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 257," June 8, 2018

[44] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 216," May 22, 2018

[45] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 127," March 22, 2018

[46] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 69," February 9, 2018

[47] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 60," February 6, 2018

[48] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 44," January 22, 2018

[49] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 33," January 18, 2018

[50] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 708," December 21, 2017

[51] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 692," December 19, 2017

[52] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 670," December 7, 2017

[53] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 637," November 16, 2017

[54] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 589," October 26, 2017

[55] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 557," October 5, 2017

[56] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 528," September 14, 2017

[57] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 480," September 8, 2017

[58] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 441," September 6, 2017

[59] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 299," June 8, 2017

[60] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 249," May 3, 2017

[61] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 230," May 24, 2018

[62] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 49," January 30, 2018

[63] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 631," November 14, 2017

[64] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 435," July 27, 2017

[65] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 413," July 25, 2017

[66] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 437," July 28, 2017

[67] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 407," July 24, 2017

[68] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 378," July 14, 2017

[69] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 136," March 8, 2017

[70] Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 113th Congress," accessed April 29, 2015

[71] Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 114th Congress," accessed January 5, 2017

[72] Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the One Hundred Fourteenth Congress," April 13, 2015

[73] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 361," June 12, 2015

[74] Roll Call, "Deadline for TAA Do-Over Vote Extended to July 30 (Updated)," June 15, 2015

[75] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 362," June 12, 2015

[76] Roll Call, "Deadline for TAA Do-Over Vote Extended to July 30 (Updated)," June 15, 2015

[77] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 374," June 18, 2015

[78] Politico, "Trade turnaround: House backs new power for Obama," June 18, 2015

[79] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 388," June 24, 2015

[80] The Hill, "Obama signs trade bills," June 29, 2015

[81] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 239," accessed May 27, 2015

[82] Congress.gov, "H.R. 1735," accessed May 27, 2015

[83] The Hill, "Redone defense policy bill sails through House," accessed November 12, 2015

[84] Congress.gov, "S. 1356," accessed November 12, 2015

[85] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 618," accessed November 12, 2015

[86] Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to S. 1356)," accessed November 12, 2015

[87] Congress.gov, "S.Con.Res.11," accessed May 5, 2015

[88] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 183," accessed May 5, 2015

[89] The Hill, "Republicans pass a budget, flexing power of majority," accessed May 5, 2015

[90] Congress.gov, "HR 1314 - Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015," accessed November 1, 2015

[91] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 579," accessed November 1, 2015

[92] Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1314)," accessed November 1, 2015

[93] Congress.gov, "H.R.1191 - Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015," accessed May 16, 2015

[94] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 226," accessed May 16, 2015

[95] Congress.gov, "HR 3461," accessed September 11, 2015

[96] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 493," accessed September 11, 2015

[97] Congress.gov, "HR 3460," accessed September 10, 2015

[98] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 494," accessed September 11, 2015

[99] Congress.gov, "H Res 411," accessed September 10, 2015

[rc492-100] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 492," accessed September 10, 2015

[101] Congress.gov, "HR 597," accessed November 2, 2015

[102] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 576," accessed November 2, 2015

[103] Congress.gov, "H.R.2048," accessed May 26, 2015

[104] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 224," accessed May 26, 2015

[105] Congress.gov, "HR 36 - the Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act," accessed May 16, 2015

[106] Clerk.House.gov, "HR 36," accessed May 16, 2015

[107] Congress.gov, "HR 1731," accessed November 2, 2015

[108] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 173," accessed November 2, 2015

[109] Congress.gov, "HR 1560 - Protecting Cyber Networks Act," accessed November 1, 2015

[110] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 170," accessed November 1, 2015

[111] Congress.gov, "HR 4038 - the American SAFE Act of 2015," accessed November 20, 2015

[112] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 643," accessed November 20, 2015

[113] Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 112th Congress," accessed September 5, 2013

[114] Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 113th Congress," accessed March 4, 2014

[votes-115] 115.0 ^115.1 ^115.2 ^115.3 ^115.4 ^115.5 ^115.6 ^115.7 Project Vote Smart, "Dave Loebsack Key Votes," accessed October 11, 2013

[116] The Library of Congress, "Bill Summary & Status - 113th Congress (2013 - 2014) - H.R.624," accessed August 27, 2013

[117] Clerk of U.S. House, "Roll Call Vote 31: H.R. 2642," accessed February 12, 2014

[118] Politico, "House clears farm bill," accessed February 12, 2014

[farm-119] 119.0 ^119.1 NY Times, "Senate Passes Long-Stalled Farm Bill, With Clear Winners and Losers," accessed February 12, 2014

[cnnhousevote-120] 120.0 ^120.1 CNN.com, "House passes compromise $1.1 trillion budget for 2014," accessed January 20, 2014

[vote-121] 121.0 ^121.1 ^121.2 U.S. House, "Roll Call Vote 21," accessed January 20, 2014

[122] Roll Call, "Omnibus Sails Through the Senate," January 16, 2014

[123] Clerk of the U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 504," accessed October 31, 2013

[124] Buzzfeed, "Government Shutdown: How We Got Here," accessed October 1, 2013

[125] Clerk of the U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 504," accessed October 31, 2013

[126] The Washington Post, "Reid, McConnell propose bipartisan Senate bill to end shutdown, extend borrowing," accessed October 16, 2013

[127] U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 550," accessed October 31, 2013

[128] U.S. House, "Roll Call Vote on the Fiscal Cliff," accessed January 4, 2013

[syria-129] 129.0 ^129.1 Yahoo, "65 Lawmakers Ask Obama to Consult on Syria," accessed August 28, 2013

[letter-130] 130.0 ^130.1 ^130.2 ^130.3 ^130.4 ^130.5 Politico, "33 lawmakers: Congress must approve Syria action," accessed August 28, 2013 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "letter" defined multiple times with different content

[syriastrike-131] 131.0 ^131.1 Washington Post, "More than 50 House Democrats also want Syria strike resolution," accessed September 2, 2013

[list-132] Iowa Secretary of State, "Candidate Listing by Office," accessed March 19, 2016

[source-133] The Iowa Independent, "Loebsack makes re-election hopes in new 2nd District official," accessed December 16, 2011

[elections-134] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named elections

[135] YouTube channel, "Video," accessed 2012

[136] U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2010," accessed March 28, 2013

[137] U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 2008," accessed March 28, 2013

[138] U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2006," accessed March 28, 2013

[quotedisclaimer-139] Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.

[140] OpenSecrets, "Loebsack (D-IA), 2012," accessed February 18, 2014

[141] This figure represents the total percentage growth from either 2004 (if the member entered office in 2004 or earlier) or the member's first year in office (as noted in the chart below).

[142] This number was found by dividing each member's total net worth growth percentage by the number of years included in the calculation.

[143] This figure represents the total percentage growth divided by the number of years for which there are net worth figures for each member.

[144] This figure was calculated using median asset data from the Census Bureau. Please see the Congressional Net Worth data for Ballotpedia spreadsheet for more information on this calculation.

[145] OpenSecrets.org, "Rep. David Loebsack," accessed September 24, 2014

[146] GovTrack, "Loebsack," accessed July 31, 2014

[147] OpenCongress, "Rep. Dave Loebsack," accessed October 1, 2015

[148] GovTrack, "Rep. David Loebsack (D)," accessed October 1, 2015

[149] LegiStorm, "Dave Loebsack," accessed 2012

[150] National Journal, "2013 Congressional Vote Ratings," accessed July 30, 2014

[151] National Journal, "2012 Congressional Vote Ratings," February 28, 2013

[152] National Journal, "Searchable Vote Ratings Tables: House," accessed February 23, 2012

[153] OpenCongress, "Voting With Party," accessed July 2014

[154] OpenCongress, "Voting With Party," accessed July 2014

[155] Ballotpedia's list of superdelegates to the 2016 Democratic National Convention is based on our own research and lists provided by the Democratic National Committee to Vox.com in February 2016 and May 2016. If you think we made an error in identifying superdelegates, please send an email to [email protected].

[156] “Five Thirty Eight, “The Endorsement Primary,” June 7, 2016

[157] To find out which candidate a superdelegate supported, Ballotpedia sought out public statements from the superdelegate in other media outlets and on social media. If we were unable to find a public statement that clearly articulated which candidate the superdelegate supported at the national convention, we listed that superdelegate as "unknown." If you believe we made an error in identifying which candidate a superdelegate supported, please email us at [email protected].

[158] Congressional Research Service, "The Presidential Nominating Process and the National Party Conventions, 2016: Frequently Asked Questions," December 30, 2015

[apdem-159] 159.0 ^159.1 Democratic National Committee, "2016 Democratic National Convention Delegate/Alternate Allocation," updated February 19, 2016

[160] The Green Papers, "2016 Democratic Convention," accessed May 7, 2021

[161] Democratic National Committee's Office of Party Affairs and Delegate Selection, "Unpledged Delegates -- By State," May 27, 2016

[162] Official House Site, "Biography," accessed November 5, 2011

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