,A ,PRIMITIVI/ ,PRIM] 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,JOHN ,MOORE 

,TEXT 3 

,AU?OR'S NOTE 

 ,?IS IS NOT A DEF9ITIVE /ATEM5T1 M]ELY A P]SONAL ACC\NT1 & SEEKS 9 G5]AL T]MS TO EXPLA9 :AT IS MEANT BY AN>*O-PRIMITIVISM4 ,IT DOES NOT WI% TO LIMIT OR EXCLUDE1 BUT PROVIDE A G5]AL 9TRODUCTION TO ! TOPIC4 ,APOLOGIES = 9ACCURACIES1 MIS9T]PRETATIONS1 OR 79EVITABLE7 OV]G5]ALIZATIONS4 

,:AT IS AN>*O-PRIMITIVISM8 

,AN>*O-PRIMITIVISM 7A4K4A4 RADICAL PRIMITIVISM1 ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN PRIMITIVISM1 ! ANTI-CIVILIZATION MOVEM5T1 OR JU/1 PRIMITIVISM7 IS A %OR?& T]M = A RADICAL CURR5T ?AT CRITIQUES ! TOTALITY ( CIVILIZATION FROM AN AN>*I/ P]SPECTIVE1 & SEEKS TO 9ITIATE A COMPREH5SIVE TRANS=MATION ( HUMAN LIFE4 ,/RICTLY SPEAK+1 !RE IS NO SU* ?+ AS AN>*O-PRIMITIVISM OR AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/S4 ,FR$Y ,P]LMAN1 A MAJOR VOICE 9 ?IS CURR5T1 ONCE SAID1 0,! ONLY -I/ NAME ,I RESPOND TO IS 'CELLI/'40 ,9DIVIDUALS ASSOCIAT$ ) ?IS CURR5T DO NOT WI% TO BE ADH]5TS ( AN IDEOLOGY1 M]ELY PEOPLE :O SEEK TO BECOME FREE 9DIVIDUALS 9 FREE COMMUNITIES 9 H>MONY ) ONE ANO!R & ) ! BIOSPH]E1 & MAY !RE=E REFUSE TO BE LIMIT$ BY ! T]M 'AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/' OR ANY O!R IDEOLOGICAL TAGG+4 ,AT BE/1 !N1 AN>*O-PRIMITIVISM IS A CONV5I5T LABEL US$ TO *>ACT]IZE DIV]SE 9DIVIDUALS ) A COMMON PROJECT3 ! ABOLITION ( ALL P[] RELATIONS -- E4G41 /RUCTURES ( CONTROL1 CO]CION1 DOM9ATION1 & EXPLOITATION -- & ! CREATION ( A =M ( COMMUNITY ?AT EXCLUDES ALL SU* RELATIONS4 ,SO :Y IS ! T]M AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/ US$ TO *>ACT]IZE ?IS CURR5T8 ,9 #a#i#h#f1 ! CIRCLE >\ND ! ,DETROIT PAP] ,FIF? ,E/ATE 9DICAT$ ?AT !Y W]E 5GAG$ 9 DEVELOP+ A 'CRITICAL ANALYSIS ( ! TE*NOLOGICAL /RUCTURE ( WE/]N CIVILIZATION.<1.> COMB9$ ) A REAPPRAISAL ( ! 9DIG5\S WORLD & ! *>ACT] ( PRIMITIVE & ORIG9AL COMMUNITIES4 ,9 ?IS S5SE WE >E PRIMITIVI/S444' ,! ,FIF? ,E/ATE GR\P S\<T TO COMPLEM5T A CRITIQUE ( CIVILIZATION AS A PROJECT ( CONTROL ) A REAPPRAISAL ( ! PRIMITIVE1 :I* !Y REG>D$ AS A S\RCE ( R5EWAL & ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN 9SPIRATION4 ,?IS REAPPRAISAL ( ! PRIMITIVE TAKES PLACE FROM AN AN>*I/ P]SPECTIVE1 A P]SPECTIVE CONC]N$ ) ELIM9AT+ P[] RELATIONS4 ,PO9T+ TO 'AN EM]G+ SYN!SIS ( PO/-MOD]N AN>*Y & ! PRIMITIVE 79 ! S5SE ( ORIG9AL71 ,E>?-BAS$ EC/ATIC VISION1' ! ,FIF? ,E/ATE CIRCLE 9DICAT$3 ,WE >E NOT AN>*I/S P] SE1 BUT PRO-AN>*Y1 :I* IS = US A LIV+1 9TEGRAL EXP]I5CE1 9COMM5SURATE ) ,P[] & REFUS+ ALL IDEOLOGY444 ,\R WORK ON ! ,F,E AS A PROJECT EXPLORES POSSIBILITIES = \R [N P>TICIPATION 9 ?IS MOVEM5T1 BUT ALSO WORKS TO R$ISCOV] ! PRIMITIVE ROOTS ( AN>*Y AS WELL AS TO DOCUM5T ITS PRES5T EXPRESSION4 ,SIMULTANE\SLY1 WE EXAM9E ! EVOLUTION ( ,P[] 9 \R MID/ 9 ORD] TO SUGGE/ NEW T]RA9S = CONTE/ATIONS & CRITIQUE 9 ORD] TO UND]M9E ! PRES5T TYRANNY ( ! MOD]N TOTALIT>IAN DISC\RSE -- ?AT HYP]-REALITY ?AT DE/ROYS HUMAN MEAN+1 & H5CE SOLID>ITY1 BY SIMULAT+ IT ) TE*NOLOGY4 ,UND]LY+ ALL /RUGGLES = FRE$OM IS ?IS C5TRAL NECESSITY3 TO REGA9 A TRULY HUMAN DISC\RSE GR\ND$ 9 AUTONOM\S1 9T]SUBJECTIVE MUTUALITY & CLOSELY ASSOCIAT$ ) ! NATURAL WORLD4 ,! AIM IS TO DEVELOP A SYN!SIS ( PRIMAL & CONTEMPOR>Y AN>*Y1 A SYN!SIS ( ! ECOLOGICALLY-FOCUS$1 NON-/ATI/1 ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN ASPECTS ( PRIMITIVE LIFEWAYS ) ! MO/ ADVANC$ =MS ( AN>*I/ ANALYSIS ( P[] RELATIONS4 ,! AIM IS NOT TO REPLICATE OR RETURN TO ! PRIMITIVE1 M]ELY TO SEE ! PRIMITIVE AS A S\RCE ( 9SPIRATION1 AS EXEMPLIFY+ =MS ( AN>*Y4 ,= AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/S1 CIVILIZATION IS ! OV]>*+ CONTEXT )9 :I* ! MULTIPLICITY ( P[] RELATIONS DEVELOP4 ,SOME BASIC P[] RELATIONS >E PRES5T 9 PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES -- & ?IS IS ONE REASON :Y AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/S DO NOT SEEK TO REPLICATE !SE SOCIETIES -- BUT IT IS 9 CIVILIZATION ?AT P[] RELATIONS BECOME P]VASIVE & 5TR5*$ 9 PRACTICALLY ALL ASPECTS ( HUMAN LIFE & HUMAN RELATIONS ) ! BIOSPH]E4 ,CIVILIZATION -- ALSO REF]R$ TO AS ! MEGAMA*9E OR ,LEVIA?AN -- BECOMES A HUGE MA*9E :I* GA9S ITS [N MOM5TUM & BECOMES BEYOND ! CONTROL ( EV5 ITS SUPPOS$ RUL]S4 ,P[]$ BY ! R\T9ES ( DAILY LIFE :I* >E DEF9$ & MANAG$ BY 9T]NALIZ$ PATT]NS ( OB$I5CE1 PEOPLE BECOME SLAVES TO ! MA*9E1 ! SY/EM ( CIVILIZATION ITSELF4 ,ONLY WIDESPREAD REFUSAL ( ?IS SY/EM & ITS V>I\S =MS ( CONTROL1 REVOLT AGA9/ P[] ITSELF1 CAN ABOLI% CIVILIZATION1 & POSE A RADICAL ALT]NATIVE4 ,IDEOLOGIES SU* AS ,M>XISM1 CLASSICAL AN>*ISM & FEM9ISM OPPOSE ASPECTS ( CIVILIZATION2 ONLY AN>*O-PRIMITIVISM OPPOSES CIVILIZATION1 ! CONTEXT )9 :I* ! V>I\S =MS ( OPPRESSION PROLIF]ATE & BECOME P]VASIVE -- &1 9DE$1 POSSIBLE4 ,AN>*O-PRIMITIVISM 9CORPORATES ELEM5TS FROM V>I\S OPPOSITIONAL CURR5TS -- ECOLOGICAL CONSCI\SNESS1 AN>*I/ ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANISM1 FEM9I/ CRITIQUES1 ,SITUATIONI/ IDEAS1 Z]O-WORK !ORIES1 TE*NOLOGICAL CRITICISM -- BUT GOES BEYOND OPPOSITION TO S+LE =MS ( P[] TO REFUSE !M ALL & POSE A RADICAL ALT]NATIVE4 

,H[ DOES AN>*O-PRIMITIVISM DIFF] FROM AN>*ISM1 OR O!R RADICAL IDEOLOGIES8 

,FROM ! P]SPECTIVE ( AN>*O-PRIMITIVISM1 ALL O!R =MS ( RADICALISM APPE> AS RE=MI/1 :E!R OR NOT !Y REG>D !MSELVES AS REVOLUTION>Y4 ,M>XISM & CLASSICAL AN>*ISM1 = EXAMPLE1 WANT TO TAKE OV] CIVILIZATION1 REWORK ITS /RUCTURES TO SOME DEGREE1 & REMOVE ITS WOR/ ABUSES & OPPRESSIONS4 ,H[EV]1 #i#i.0 ( LIFE 9 CIVILIZATION REMA9S UN*ANG$ 9 !IR FUTURE SC5>IOS1 PRECISELY BECAUSE ! ASPECTS ( CIVILIZATION !Y QUE/ION >E M9IMAL4 ,AL?\< BO? WANT TO ABOLI% CAPITALISM1 & CLASSICAL AN>*ISM W\LD ABOLI% ! ,/ATE TOO1 OV]ALL LIFE PATT]NS W\LDN'T *ANGE TOO MU*4 ,AL?\< !RE MI<T BE SOME *ANGES 9 SOCIOECONOMIC RELATIONS1 SU* AS WORK] CONTROL ( 9DU/RY & NEI<BORHOOD C\NCILS 9 PLACE ( ! ,/ATE1 & EV5 AN ECOLOGICAL FOCUS1 BASIC PATT]NS W\LD REMA9 UN*ANG$4 ,! ,WE/]N MODEL ( PROGRESS W\LD M]ELY BE AM5D$ & W\LD /ILL ACT AS AN IDEAL4 ,MASS SOCIETY W\LD ESS5TIALLY CONT9UE1 ) MO/ PEOPLE WORK+1 LIV+ 9 >TIFICIAL1 TE*NOLOGIS$ 5VIRONM5TS1 & SUBJECT TO =MS ( CO]CION & CONTROL4 ,RADICAL IDEOLOGIES ON ! ,LEFT SEEK TO CAPTURE P[]1 NOT ABOLI% IT4 ,H5CE1 !Y DEVELOP V>I\S K9DS ( EXCLUSIVE GR\PS -- CADRES1 POLITICAL P>TIES1 CONSCI\SNESS-RAIS+ GR\PS -- 9 ORD] TO W9 CONV]TS & PLAN /RATEGIES = GA9+ CONTROL4 ,ORGANIZATIONS1 = AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/S1 >E JU/ RACKETS1 GANGS = PUTT+ A P>TICUL> IDEOLOGY 9 P[]4 ,POLITICS1 '! >T & SCI5CE ( GOV]NM5T1' IS NOT P>T ( ! PRIMITIVI/ PROJECT2 ONLY A POLITICS ( DESIRE1 PLEASURE1 MUTUALITY & RADICAL FRE$OM4 

,:]E1 ACCORD+ TO AN>*O-PRIMITIVISM1 DOES P[] ORIG9ATE8 

,AGA91 A S\RCE ( SOME DEBATE AMONG AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/S4 ,P]LMAN SEES ! CREATION ( IMP]SONAL 9/ITUTIONS OR AB/RACT P[] RELATIONS AS ! DEF9+ MOM5T AT :I* PRIMITIVE AN>*Y BEG9S TO BE DISMANTL$ BY CIVILIZ$ SOCIAL RELATIONS4 ,9 CONTRA/1 ,JOHN ,Z]ZAN LOCATES ! DEVELOPM5T ( SYMBOLIC M$IATION -- 9 ITS V>I\S =MS ( NUMB]1 LANGUAGE1 TIME1 >T & LAT]1 AGRICULTURE -- AS ! MEANS ( TRANSITION FROM HUMAN FRE$OM TO A /ATE ( DOME/ICATION4 ,! FOCUS ON ORIG9 IS IMPORTANT 9 AN>*O-PRIMITIVISM BECAUSE PRIMITIVISM SEEKS1 9 EXPON5TIAL FA%ION1 TO EXPOSE1 *ALL5GE & ABOLI% ALL ! MULTIPLE =MS ( P[] ?AT /RUCTURE ! 9DIVIDUAL1 SOCIAL RELATIONS1 & 9T]RELATIONS ) ! NATURAL WORLD4 ,LOCAT+ ORIG9S IS A WAY ( ID5TIFY+ :AT CAN BE SAFELY SALVAG$ FROM ! WRECK ( CIVILIZATION1 & :AT IT IS ESS5TIAL TO ]ADICATE IF P[] RELATIONS >E NOT TO RECOMM5CE AFT] CIVILIZATION'S COLLAPSE4 ,:AT K9D ( FUTURE IS 5VISAG$ BY AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/S8 ,AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/ J\RNAL 0,AN>*Y2 ,A ,J\RNAL ( ,DESIRE ,>M$0 5VISIONS A FUTURE ?AT IS 'RADICALLY COOP]ATIVE @& COMMUNIT>IAN1 ECOLOGICAL & FEM9I/1 SPONTANE\S & WILD1' & ?IS MI<T BE ! CLOSE/ Y\'LL GET TO A DESCRIPTION6 ,!RE'S NO BLUEPR9T1 NO PROSCRIPTIVE PATT]N1 AL?\< IT'S IMPORTANT TO /RESS ?AT ! 5VISION$ FUTURE IS NOT 'PRIMITIVE' 9 ANY /]EOTYPICAL S5SE4 ,AS ! ,FIF? ,E/ATE SAID 9 #a#i#g#i3 ',LET US ANTICIPATE ! CRITICS :O W\LD ACCUSE US ( WANT+ TO GO 0BACK TO ! CAVES0 OR ( M]E PO/UR+ ON \R P>T -- I4E41 5JOY+ ! COM=TS ( CIVILIZATION ALL ! :ILE BE+ ITS H>DIE/ CRITICS4 ,WE >E NOT POS+ ! ,/ONE ,AGE AS A MODEL = \R ,UTOPIA.<1.> NOR >E WE SUGGE/+ A RETURN TO GA!R+ & HUNT+ AS A MEANS = \R LIVELIHOOD4' ,AS A CORRECTIVE TO ?IS COMMON MISCONCEPTION1 IT'S IMPORTANT TO /RESS ?AT ?AT ! FUTURE 5VISION$ BY AN>*O-PRIMITIVISM IS SUI G5]IS -- IT IS )\T PREC$5T4 ,AL?\< PRIMITIVE CULTURES PROVIDE 9TIMATIONS ( ! FUTURE1 & ?AT FUTURE MAY WELL 9CORPORATE ELEM5TS D]IV$ FROM ?OSE CULTURES1 AN AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/ WORLD W\LD LIKELY BE QUITE DIFF]5T FROM PREVI\S =MS ( AN>*Y4 

,H[ DOES AN>*O-PRIMITIVISM VIEW TE*NOLOGY8 

,JOHN ,Z]ZAN DEF9ES TE*NOLOGY AS '! 5SEMBLE ( DIVISION ( LABOR_/ PRODUCTION_/ 9DU/RIALISM & ITS IMPACT ON US & ON NATURE4 ,TE*NOLOGY IS ! SUM ( M$IATIONS BETWE5 US & ! NATURAL WORLD & ! SUM ( ?OSE SEP>ATIONS M$IAT+ US FROM EA* O!R4 ,IT IS ALL ! DRUDG]Y & TOXICITY REQUIR$ TO PRODUCE & REPRODUCE ! /AGE ( HYP]-ALI5ATION WE LANGUI% 94 ,IT IS ! TEXTURE & ! =M ( DOM9ATION AT ANY GIV5 /AGE ( HI]>*Y & DOM9ATION4' ,OPPOSITION TO TE*NOLOGY ?US PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE 9 AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/ PRACTICE4 ,H[EV]1 ,FR$Y ,P]LMAN SAYS ?AT 'TE*NOLOGY IS NO?+ BUT ! ,LEVIA?AN'S >MORY1' ITS 'CLAWS & FANGS4' ,AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/S >E ?US OPPOS$ TO TE*NOLOGY1 BUT !RE IS SOME DEBATE OV] H[ C5TRAL TE*NOLOGY IS TO DOM9ATION 9 CIVILIZATION4 ,A DI/9CTION %\LD BE DRAWN BETWE5 TOOLS 7OR IMPLEM5TS7 & TE*NOLOGY4 ,P]LMAN %[S ?AT PRIMITIVE PEOPLES DEVELOP ALL K9DS ( TOOLS & IMPLEM5TS1 BUT NOT TE*NOLOGIES3 ',! MAT]IAL OBJECTS1 ! CANES & CANOES1 ! DIGG+ /ICKS & WALLS1 W]E ?+S A S+LE 9DIVIDUAL C\LD MAKE1 OR !Y W]E ?+S1 LIKE A WALL1 ?AT REQUIR$ ! COOP]ATION ( MANY ON A S+LE OCCASION 4444 ,MO/ ( ! IMPLEM5TS >E ANCI5T1 & ! .<MAT]IAL.> SURPLUSES .<!SE IMPLEM5TS SUPPOS$LY MADE POSSIBLE.> HAVE BE5 RIPE S9CE ! FIR/ DAWN1 BUT !Y DID NOT GIVE RISE TO IMP]SONAL 9/ITUTIONS4 ,PEOPLE1 LIV+ BE+S1 GIVE RISE TO BO?4' ,TOOLS >E CREATIONS ON A LOCALIZ$1 SMALL-SCALE1 ! PRODUCTS ( EI!R 9DIVIDUALS OR SMALL GR\PS ON SPECIFIC OCCASIONS4 ,AS SU*1 !Y DO NOT GIVE RISE TO SY/EMS ( CONTROL & CO]CION4 ,TE*NOLOGY1 ON ! O!R H&1 IS ! PRODUCT ( L>GE-SCALE 9T]LOCK+ SY/EMS ( EXTRACTION1 PRODUCTION1 DI/RIBUTION & CONSUMPTION1 & SU* SY/EMS GA9 !IR [N MOM5TUM & DYNAMIC4 ,AS SU*1 !Y DEM& /RUCTURES ( CONTROL & OB$I5CE ON A MASS SCALE -- :AT ,P]LMAN CALLS IMP]SONAL 9/ITUTIONS4 ,AS ! ,FIF? ,E/ATE PO9T$ \T 9 #a#i#h#a3 ',TE*NOLOGY IS NOT A SIMPLE TOOL :I* CAN BE US$ 9 ANY WAY WE LIKE4 ,IT IS A =M ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION1 A SET ( SOCIAL RELATIONS4 ,IT HAS ITS [N LAWS4 ,IF WE >E TO 5GAGE 9 ITS USE1 WE MU/ ACCEPT ITS AU?ORITY4 ,! 5ORM\S SIZE1 COMPLEX 9T]CONNECTIONS & /RATIFICATION ( TASKS :I* MAKE UP MOD]N TE*NOLOGICAL SY/EMS MAKE AU?ORIT>IAN COMM& NECESS>Y & 9DEP5D5T1 9DIVIDUAL DECISION-MAK+ IMPOSSIBLE4' ,AN>*O-PRIMITIVISM IS AN ANTI-SY/EMIC CURR5T3 IT OPPOSES ALL SY/EMS1 9/ITUTIONS1 AB/RACTIONS1 ! >TIFICIAL1 ! SYN!TIC1 & ! MA*9E1 BECAUSE !Y EMBODY P[] RELATIONS4 ,AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/S ?US OPPOSE TE*NOLOGY OR ! TE*NOLOGICAL SY/EM1 BUT NOT ! USE ( TOOLS & IMPLEM5TS 9 ! S5SES 9DICAT$ H]E4 ,AS TO :E!R ANY TE*NOLOGICAL =MS WILL BE APPROPRIATE 9 AN AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/ WORLD1 !RE IS DEBATE OV] ?IS ISSUE4 ,! ,FIF? ,E/ATE REM>K$ 9 #aigi ?AT3 ',R$UC$ TO ITS MO/ BASIC ELEM5TS1 DISCUSSIONS AB\T ! FUTURE S5SIBLY %\LD BE PR$ICAT$ ON :AT WE DESIRE SOCIALLY & FROM ?AT DET]M9E :AT TE*NOLOGY IS POSSIBLE4 ,ALL ( US DESIRE C5TRAL HEAT+1 FLU% TOILETS1 & ELECTRIC LI<T+1 BUT NOT AT ! EXP5SE ( \R HUMANITY4 ,MAYBE !Y >E ALL POSSIBLE TOGE!R1 BUT MAYBE NOT4' ,:AT AB\T M$IC9E8 ,ULTIMATELY1 AN>*O-PRIMITIVISM IS ALL AB\T HEAL+ -- HEAL+ ! RIFTS ?AT HAVE OP5$ UP )9 9DIVIDUALS1 BETWE5 PEOPLE1 & BETWE5 PEOPLE & NATURE1 ! RIFTS ?AT HAVE OP5$ UP ?R\< CIVILIZATION1 ?R\< P[]1 9CLUD+ ! ,/ATE1 ,CAPITAL1 & TE*NOLOGY4 ,! ,G]MAN PHILOSOPH] ,NIETZS*E SAID ?AT PA91 & ! WAY IT IS DEALT )1 %\LD BE AT ! HE>T ( ANY FREE SOCIETY1 & 9 ?IS RESPECT1 HE IS RI<T4 ,9DIVIDUALS1 COMMUNITIES & ! ,E>? ITSELF HAVE BE5 MAIM$ TO ONE DEGREE OR ANO!R BY ! P[] RELATIONS *>ACT]I/IC ( CIVILIZATION4 ,PEOPLE HAVE BE5 PSY*OLOGICALLY MAIM$ BUT ALSO PHYSICALLY ASSAULT$ BY ILLNESS & DISEASE4 ,?IS ISN'T TO SUGGE/ ?AT AN>*O-PRIMITIVISM CAN ABOLI% PA91 ILLNESS & DISEASE6 ,H[EV]1 RESE>* HAS REVEAL$ ?AT MANY DISEASES >E ! RESULTS ( CIVILIZ$ LIV+ CONDITIONS1 & IF !SE CONDITIONS W]E ABOLI%$1 !N C]TA9 TYPES ( PA91 ILLNESS & DISEASE C\LD DISAPPE>4 ,AS = ! REMA9D]1 A WORLD :I* PLACES PA9 AT ITS C5T] W\LD BE VIGOR\S 9 ITS PURSUIT ( ASSUAG+ IT BY F9D+ WAYS ( CUR+ ILLNESS & DISEASE4 ,9 ?IS S5SE1 AN>*O-PRIMITIVISM IS V]Y CONC]N$ ) M$IC9E4 ,H[EV]1 ! ALI5AT+ HI<-TE*1 PH>MACEUTICAL-C5T]$ =M ( M$IC9E PRACTIC$ 9 ! ,WE/ IS NOT ! ONLY =M ( M$IC9E POSSIBLE4 ,! QUE/ION ( :AT M$IC9E MI<T CONSI/ ( 9 AN AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/ FUTURE DEP5DS1 AS 9 ! ,FIF? ,E/ATE COMM5T ON TE*NOLOGY ABOVE1 ON :AT IS POSSIBLE & :AT PEOPLE DESIRE1 )\T COMPROMIS+ ! LIFEWAYS ( FREE 9DIVIDUALS 9 ECOLOGICALLY-C5T]$ FREE COMMUNITIES4 ,AS ON ALL O!R QUE/IONS1 !RE IS NO DOGMATIC ANSW] TO ?IS ISSUE4 

,:AT AB\T POPULATION8 

,A CONTROV]SIAL ISSUE1 L>GELY BECAUSE !RE ISN'T A CONS5SUS AMONG AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/S ON ?IS TOPIC4 ,SOME PEOPLE >GUE ?AT POPULATION R$UCTION W\LDN'T BE NECESS>Y2 O!RS >GUE ?AT IT W\LD ON ECOLOGICAL GR\NDS &_/OR TO SU/A9 ! K9D ( LIFEWAYS 5VISAG$ BY AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/S4 ,GEORGE ,BRAD=D1 9 ,H[ ,DEEP IS ,DEEP ,ECOLOGY81 >GUES ?AT WOM5'S CONTROL OV] REPRODUCTION W\LD LEAD TO A FALL 9 POPULATION RATE4 ,! P]SONAL VIEW ( ! PRES5T WRIT] IS ?AT POPULATION W\LD NE$ TO BE R$UC$1 BUT ?IS W\LD OCCUR ?R\< NATURAL WA/AGE -- I4E41 :5 PEOPLE DI$1 NOT ALL ( !M W\LD BE REPLAC$1 & ?US ! OV]ALL POPULATION RATE W\LD FALL & EV5TUALLY /ABILIZE4 ,AN>*I/S HAVE LONG >GU$ ?AT 9 A FREE WORLD1 SOCIAL1 ECONOMIC & PSY*OLOGICAL PRESSURES T[>D EXCESSIVE REPRODUCTION W\LD BE REMOV$4 ,!RE W\LD JU/ BE TOO MANY O!R 9T]E/+ ?+S GO+ ON TO 5GAGE PEOPLE'S TIME6 ,FEM9I/S HAVE >GU$ ?AT WOM51 FRE$ ( G5D] CON/RA9TS & ! FAMILY /RUCTURE1 W\LD NOT BE DEF9$ BY !IR REPRODUCTIVE CAPACITIES AS 9 PATRI>*AL SOCIETIES1 & ?IS W\LD RESULT 9 L[] POPULATION LEVELS TOO4 ,SO POPULATION W\LD BE LIKELY TO FALL1 WILLY-NILLY4 ,AFT] ALL1 AS ,P]LMAN MAKES PLA91 POPULATION GR[? IS PURELY A PRODUCT ( CIVILIZATION3 'A /EADY 9CREASE 9 HUMAN NUMB]S .<IS.> AS P]SI/5T AS ! ,LEVIA?AN ITSELF4 ,?IS PH5OM5ON SEEMS TO EXI/ ONLY AMONG ,LEVIA?ANIZ$ HUMAN BE+S4 ,ANIMALS AS WELL AS HUMAN COMMUNITIES 9 ! /ATE ( NATURE DO NOT PROLIF]ATE !IR [N K9D TO ! PO9T ( PU%+ ALL O!RS (F ! FIELD4' ,SO !RE'S REALLY NO REASON TO SUPPOSE ?AT HUMAN POPULATION %\LDN'T /ABILIZE ONCE ,LEVIA?ANIC SOCIAL RELATIONS >E ABOLI%$ & COMMUNIT>IAN H>MONY IS RE/OR$4 ,IGNORE ! WEIRD FANTASIES SPREAD BY SOME COMM5TATORS HO/ILE TO AN>*O-PRIMITIVISM :O SUGGE/ ?AT ! POPULATION LEVELS 5VISAG$ BY AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/S W\LD HAVE TO BE A*IEV$ BY MASS DIE-(FS OR NAZI-/YLE DEA? CAMPS4 ,!SE >E JU/ SME> TACTICS4 ,! COMMITM5T ( AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/S TO ! ABOLITION ( ALL P[] RELATIONS1 9CLUD+ ! ,/ATE ) ALL ITS ADM9I/RATIVE & MILIT>Y APP>ATUS1 & ANY K9D ( P>TY OR ORGANIZATION1 MEANS ?AT SU* OR*E/RAT$ SLAU<T] REMA9S AN IMPOSSIBILITY AS WELL AS JU/ PLA9 HORR5D\S4 

,H[ MI<T AN AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/ FUTURE BE BR\<T AB\T8 

,! SIXTY-F\R ?\S& DOLL> QUE/ION6 7TO USE A ?OR\<LY SUSPECT METAPHOR67 ,!RE >E NO H>D-&-FA/ RULES H]E1 NO BLUEPR9T4 ,! GLIB ANSW] -- SE5 BY SOME AS A COP-\T -- IS ?AT =MS ( /RUGGLE EM]GE 9 ! C\RSE ( 9SURG5CY4 ,?IS IS TRUE1 BUT NOT NECESS>ILY V]Y HELPFUL6 ,! FACT IS ?AT AN>*O-PRIMITIVISM IS NOT A P[]-SEEK+ IDEOLOGY4 ,IT DOESN'T SEEK TO CAPTURE ! ,/ATE1 TAKE OV] FACTORIES1 W9 CONV]TS1 CREATE POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS1 OR ORD] PEOPLE AB\T4 ,9/EAD1 IT WANTS PEOPLE TO BECOME FREE 9DIVIDUALS LIV+ 9 FREE COMMUNITIES :I* >E 9T]DEP5D5T ) ONE ANO!R & ) ! BIOSPH]E !Y 9HABIT4 ,IT WANTS1 !N1 A TOTAL TRANS=MATION1 A TRANS=MATION ( ID5TITY1 WAYS ( LIFE1 WAYS ( BE+1 & WAYS ( COMMUNICAT+4 ,?IS MEANS ?AT ! TRI$ & TE/$ MEANS ( P[]-SEEK+ IDEOLOGIES JU/ >5'T RELEVANT TO ! AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/ PROJECT1 :I* SEEKS TO ABOLI% ALL =MS ( P[]4 ,SO NEW =MS ( ACTION & BE+1 =MS APPROPRIATE TO & COMM5SURATE ) ! AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/ PROJECT1 NE$ TO BE DEVELOP$4 ,?IS IS AN ONGO+ PROCESS & SO !RE'S NO EASY ANSW] TO ! QUE/ION3 ,:AT IS TO BE DONE8 ,AT PRES5T1 MANY AGREE ?AT COMMUNITIES ( RESI/ANCE >E AN IMPORTANT ELEM5T 9 ! AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/ PROJECT4 ,! WORD 'COMMUNITY' IS B&I$ AB\T !SE DAYS 9 ALL K9DS ( ABSURD WAYS 7E4G41 ! BUS9ESS COMMUNITY71 PRECISELY BECAUSE MO/ G5U9E COMMUNITIES HAVE BE5 DE/ROY$ BY ,CAPITAL & ! ,/ATE4 ,SOME ?9K ?AT IF TRADITIONAL COMMUNITIES1 FREQU5TLY S\RCES ( RESI/ANCE TO P[]1 HAVE BE5 DE/ROY$1 !N ! CREATION ( COMMUNITIES ( RESI/ANCE -- COMMUNITIES =M$ BY 9DIVIDUALS ) RESI/ANCE AS !IR COMMON FOCUS -- >E A WAY TO RECREATE BASES = ACTION4 ,AN OLD AN>*I/ IDEA IS ?AT ! NEW WORLD MU/ BE CREAT$ )9 ! %ELL ( ! OLD4 ,?IS MEANS ?AT :5 CIVILIZATION COLLAPSES -- ?R\< ITS [N VOLITION1 ?R\< \R EF=TS1 OR A COMB9ATION ( ! TWO -- !RE WILL BE AN ALT]NATIVE WAIT+ TO TAKE ITS PLACE4 ,?IS IS REALLY NECESS>Y AS1 9 ! ABS5CE ( POSITIVE ALT]NATIVES1 ! SOCIAL DISRUPTION CAUS$ BY COLLAPSE C\LD EASILY CREATE ! PSY*OLOGICAL 9SECURITY & SOCIAL VACUUM 9 :I* FASCISM & O!R TOTALIT>IAN DICTATOR%IPS C\LD FL\RI%4 ,= ! PRES5T WRIT]1 ?IS MEANS ?AT AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/S NE$ TO DEVELOP COMMUNITIES ( RESI/ANCE -- MICROCOSMS 7AS MU* AS !Y CAN BE7 ( ! FUTURE TO COME -- BO? 9 CITIES & \TSIDE4 ,!SE NE$ TO ACT AS BASES = ACTION 7P>TICUL>LY DIRECT ACTION71 BUT ALSO AS SITES = ! CREATION ( NEW WAYS ( ?9K+1 BEHAV+1 COMMUNICAT+1 BE+1 & SO ON1 AS WELL AS NEW SETS ( E?ICS -- 9 %ORT1 A :OLE NEW LIB]ATORY CULTURE4 ,!Y NE$ TO BECOME PLACES :]E PEOPLE CAN DISCOV] !IR TRUE DESIRES & PLEASURES1 & ?R\< ! GOOD OLD AN>*I/ IDEA ( ! EXEMPL>Y DE$1 %[ O!RS BY EXAMPLE ?AT ALT]NATIVE WAYS ( LIFE >E POSSIBLE4 ,H[EV]1 !RE >E MANY O!R POSSIBILITIES ?AT NE$ EXPLOR+4 ,! K9D ( WORLD 5VISAG$ BY AN>*O-PRIMITIVISM IS ONE UNPREC$5T$ 9 HUMAN EXP]I5CE 9 T]MS ( ! DEGREE & TYPES ( FRE$OM ANTICIPAT$ 444 SO !RE CAN'T BE ANY LIMITS ON ! =MS ( RESI/ANCE & 9SURG5CY ?AT MI<T DEVELOP4 ,! K9D ( VA/ TRANS=MATIONS 5VISAG$ WILL NE$ ALL K9DS ( 9NOVATIVE ?\<T & ACTIVITY4 

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