华尔街日报 | 特朗普计划对进口汽车加征25%的关税

                

Trump Plans to Impose 25% Tariff on Imported Vehicles


美国总统唐纳德·特朗普(Donald Trump)表示，他将对进口到美国的全球汽车征收25%的关税，以兑现惩罚外国汽车和卡车制造商的承诺。
President Trump said he would impose 25% tariffs on global automotive imports to the U.S., making good on pledges to penalize foreign makers of cars and trucks.
   
特朗普周三在椭圆形办公室表示：“我们将对所有非美国制造的汽车征收25%的关税。”这番话似乎消除了向加拿大和墨西哥等国给予豁免的任何可能性。加墨与美国签有自由贸易协定。
“What we’re going to be doing is a 25% tariff on all cars not made in the U.S.,” Trump said Wednesday in the Oval Office, appearing to dispel any chance of an exemption for countries such as Canada and Mexico, which have a free-trade agreement with the U.S.
   
特朗普说，汽车关税将从4月3日开始征收，也就是他计划宣布更广泛的贸易行动的次日。特朗普所谓的对等关税原定4月2日实施，其初衷是将美国对外国商品征收的关税与外国对美国商品征收的关税拉平，但特朗普周三说，他计划实施的关税可能比这低。
The U.S. will start collecting the auto tariffs on April 3, Trump said, the day after he is set to announce a broader slate of trade actions. Trump’s so-called reciprocal tariffs, slated for that day, were originally planned to equalize U.S. tariffs with those charged by foreign nations, but Trump said Wednesday that the tariffs he plans to implement would likely be lower than that.
  
一位高级政府官员表示，汽车关税将涵盖整车和汽车零部件。美国政府曾考虑将汽车零部件排除在关税之外。但白宫副新闻秘书哈里森·菲尔兹(Harrison Fields)在网上写道，符合《美墨加协定》(USMCA)规则的零部件将继续免税，直到商务部“建立起一套对非美国原产内容物征收关税的程序”。
The tariffs will cover finished automobiles and automotive parts, a senior administration official said. The administration had considered exempting auto parts from the tariffs. But parts that are compliant with the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement will remain tariff-free until the Commerce Department “establishes a process to apply tariffs to their non-U.S. content,” White House deputy press secretary Harrison Fields wrote online.
  
这位高级政府官员表示，25%的汽车关税将叠加在现有关税之上，包括美国目前征收的2.5%的关税，以及对轻型卡车征收的25%的关税，即所谓的“鸡肉税”。这些汽车关税将附加在对加拿大和墨西哥商品征收的25%的关税之上，加征这部分关税是因为特朗普认为，这些国家没有采取足够措施打击非法芬太尼贸易。围绕这些关税的谈判仍在继续。
The 25% tariff will be added on top of existing duties, including a 2.5% tariff currently imposed by the U.S., as well as existing 25% tariffs on light trucks, known as the chicken tax, the senior administration official said. They would be added on top of 25% tariffs on goods from Canada and Mexico that Trump imposed because he said those countries weren’t doing enough to disrupt the illicit fentanyl trade. Negotiations on those duties are continuing.


一辆轿车运输拖车在从墨西哥进入美国前排队等候。

加拿大总理马克·卡尼(Mark Carney)指责这些关税是对加拿大工人的直接攻击。他说，加拿大官员将在看到特朗普行政命令的措辞后再决定采取哪些行动，包括可能实施的报复性关税。
Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney called the tariffs a direct attack on Canadian workers. He said Canadian officials would decide what actions to take, including possible retaliatory tariffs, after seeing the language of Trump’s executive order.
 
卡尼说：“很明显，这是违反协议的行为，他背叛了我们的贸易协定。”卡尼刚刚启动一场大竞活动，最终将在4月28日投票。
“It’s clear that this is a violation and he has betrayed our trade agreement,” said Carney, who has just begun an election campaign that will culminate in an April 28 vote.
 
根据标普全球汽车(S&P Global Mobility)的数据，2024年在美国销售的新乘用车中，有近一半是在美国境外组装的。墨西哥是最大的对美汽车出口国，出口的车型包括通用汽车(General Motors)、Ram和丰田(Toyota)的皮卡，日产汽车(Nissan)的经济型轿车，以及宝马(BMW)和大众汽车(Volkswagen)旗下奥迪(Audi)的豪华车型。
Nearly half of new passenger vehicles sold in the U.S. in 2024 were assembled outside the U.S., according to data from S&P Global Mobility. Mexico is the biggest auto exporter to the U.S., sending pickups from General Motors , Ram and Toyota as well as affordable sedans from Nissan and luxury models from BMW and Volkswagen ’s Audi.
丰田RAV4和本田(Honda)思域(Civic)等颇受欢迎的大众市场车型也从加拿大进口到美国销售。
Popular mass-market vehicles such as Toyota’s RAV4 and Honda ’s Civic are also imported from Canada for sale in the U.S.
  
贸易组织Autos Drive America表示，新冠疫情爆发以来，汽车价格大幅上涨，而关税将让汽车价格变得更加难以承受。Autos Drive America代表在美国开展业务的国际车企，其成员包括丰田、大众、本田和现代(Hyundai)。
Autos Drive America, a trade group representing foreign automakers with U.S. operations, including Toyota, Volkswagen , Honda and Hyundai , said tariffs would make cars even less affordable after significant price increases since the onset of the pandemic.
   
周三盘后，通用汽车股价下跌8%，福特汽车(Ford Motor)下跌5%，Jeep和Ram的母公司Stellantis下跌5%。特斯拉(Tesla)上涨约1%，该公司在美国销售的电动汽车是在美国本土制造的。
GM stock slid 8% after hours on Wednesday, while Ford declined 5% and Jeep and Ram parent company Stellantis fell 5%. Tesla , which builds its domestically sold electric vehicles in the U.S., gained about 1%.
Cox Automotive表示，特朗普此前提议对加拿大和墨西哥征收25%的关税，假设零部件也在征税范围内，则这些国家组装的汽车的成本将增加约6,000美元。
Trump’s previously proposed tariffs of 25% on Canada and Mexico would add about $6,000 in costs to vehicles assembled in those countries, assuming parts were also included in the levies, Cox Automotive said.
   
“总之：产量下降、供应收紧和价格上涨即将到来，”Cox Automotive首席经济学家乔纳森·斯莫克(Jonathan Smoke)说。
“Bottom line: lower production, tighter supply and higher prices are around the corner,” Cox Automotive chief economist Jonathan Smoke said.
  
特朗普团队在最大限度地提高关税和为企业和贸易伙伴提供潜在豁免之间摇摆不定。特朗普最初表示将在4月2日对半导体、木材和药品等行业征收特定行业关税。但他周三重申，这些针对特定行业的关税不会在那天发生，但可能在晚些时候宣布。
Trump’s team has whipsawed between a maximalist approach to tariffs and offering potential leniency for companies and trading partners. Trump originally said that he would impose sector-specific tariffs on industries such as semiconductors, lumber and pharmaceuticals on April 2. But he reiterated on Wednesday that those industry-specific tariffs wouldn’t happen on that date, though they could be announced later.
   
特朗普表示，他的对等关税将“低于（贸易伙伴）几十年来对我们征收的关税”。特朗普还表示，对等关税将针对“所有国家”，而不仅仅是财政部长斯科特·贝森特(Scott Bessent)所说的可能在4月2日行动中首先考虑的15%的国家。
Trump said his reciprocal tariffs would be “less than the tariff [trading partners] have been charging us for decades.” Trump also said the reciprocal tariffs will target “all countries,” and not just the 15% of nations Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent had said could be made a priority in the April 2 action.
  
特朗普重申了他在竞选中做出的刺激汽车需求的承诺。他说，他正与众议院议长迈克·约翰逊(Mike Johnson)合作，通过一项政策让消费者在所得税中抵扣购买美国产汽车的贷款利息。
The president reiterated a campaign pledge to juice auto demand, saying that he was working with House Speaker Mike Johnson to pass a policy that would allow consumers to deduct car interest payments from their income taxes for American-made cars.
  
全美汽车工人联合会(United Auto Workers)主席肖恩·费恩(Shawn Fain)称，这些关税“对全国的汽车工人和蓝领社区而言是朝正确方向迈出的重要一步”。全美汽车工人联合会表示，自1994年签署最初的自由贸易协定以来，汽车行业外包给墨西哥已导致美国制造业就业岗位大幅减少。
United Auto Workers President Shawn Fain called the tariffs “a major step in the right direction for auto workers and blue-collar communities across the country.” The UAW has said automotive-industry outsourcing to Mexico has decimated U.S. manufacturing jobs since the original free-trade agreement was signed in 1994.
  
欧盟表示，对特朗普向欧盟进口汽车征收关税的决定深表遗憾。
The European Union said it deeply regrets Trump’s decision to levy tariffs on the bloc’s automotive exports.
  
欧盟委员会主席乌尔苏拉·冯德莱恩(Ursula von der Leyen)说：“欧盟将继续寻求通过谈判解决问题，同时维护自身经济利益。”
“The EU will continue to seek negotiated solutions, while safeguarding its economic interests,” European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said.