Books (author) by Gustavo Politis
RUNA, 2022
A setenta años de las investigaciones de Oswald Menghin y Marcelo Bórmida en las cuevas de Tandil... more A setenta años de las investigaciones de Oswald Menghin y Marcelo Bórmida en las cuevas de Tandilia [431-448]
The Southern Cone of South America (Argentina, Chile, Uruguay and Southeastern Brazil) was the la... more The Southern Cone of South America (Argentina, Chile, Uruguay and Southeastern Brazil) was the last continental mass colonized by humans. Until recently, the discussion about the peopling of the Americas revolved around the Clovis First-Pre-Clovis debate. Nowadays, the axis of this debate has changed (it has been consistently proved that there were people in the Americas before Clovis) and the central debate is if humans were South of the Laurentide/Cordilleran Ice Sheet after or before the onset of deglaciation (ca. 18 to 19 ky) of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). However, while several models have been proposed to uphold the first hypothesis, the second one is only supported by isolated site reports and sparse data. With very few exceptions, no coherent models have been proposed to integrate the few suggested pre-LGM sites sprawled in the continent. In this scenario, a fine-grain study of the timing of the arrival and the spatial occupation sequences of the expansion process is significant to understand the pattern of colonization of Homo sapiens in the Americas. In this chapter, we summarize and discuss the evidence from some key sites in the Southern Cone with pre-and post-onset of LGM deglaciation ages. We present a compilation of the earliest 14 C dates as a proxy of human presence in the Southern Cone, both from samples (charcoal, faunal remains, etc.) associated with human presence as well from human skeletons. Based this data, we analyze the main chronological trends and spatial sequences in the region. Finally, we contrast our results from the Southern Cone with the new continental scale models of peopling of the Americas, based on ancient DNA. Resumen El Cono Sur de Sudamérica (Argentina, Chile, Uruguay y el sureste de Brasil) fue la última masa continental colonizada por los humanos. Hasta hace poco, la discusión sobre el poblamiento de América giró en torno al debate Clovis-Primero vs. Pre-Clovis. Actualmente el eje del debate ha cambiado ya que ha sido aceptado consistentemente que hubo gente en el continente americano antes de Clovis), concentrándose en si los humanos estuvieron en el sur de la escudo glacial Laurentino/Cordillerano antes o después del comienzo de desglaciación New Perspectives on the Peopling of the Americas, ed. by Katerina Harvati, Gerhard Jäger, Hugo Reyes-Centeno. Words, Bones, Genes, Tools: DFG Center for Advanced Studies Series.
Vegetation History and Ethnobotany, 2020
Woody plant resources are important to human societies today and were also in the past. Here we a... more Woody plant resources are important to human societies today and were also in the past. Here we assess the woody plant resources available to peoples in Northeastern Argentina in the pre-Hispanic period and assess how they were used. The Upper Paraná Delta (Entre Ríos province, Argentina) was occupied by indigenous societies during the last 2000 years, and evidence of those peoples has been found at Los Tres Cerros 1 archaeological site (inhabited at least between 765 to 1505 cal years ad). From the local traditional and ethnographical literature, a broad functionality of the determined taxa is proposed, to use as a basis for palaeoethnobotanical interpretations. Species of the Lauraceae, Passifloraceae, Fabaceae, Salicaceae, Boraginaceae and Apocynaceae families were found dispersed about the site; they possibly grew close to the settlement and had diverse indigenous uses (e.g. for the construction of canoes and other artefacts in daily use). Other species were found concentrated on the archaeological site. They were related to Euphorbaceae, Fabaceae, Cyperaceae, Anacardiaceae, Apo-cynaceae, Myrtaceae and Primulaceae and were probably used as fuel in domestic activities (e.g. to obtain light, heat and to cook food and fire pottery). Forty-three carbonized wood samples were studied. Charcoals related to Sapium, Nectandra and Aspidosperma genera were identified next to pottery and animal bones. The presence of Schinopsis in the anthracologi-cal record shows the extra-local link of the pre-Hispanic populations that occupied the Paraná river basin. Finally, these new advances increase the knowledge about the vegetation nearby the archaeological site at the end of the Late Holocene.
Historia de la Arqueología en el Perú del siglo XX, 2013
Se resumen y discuten las contribuciones de Augusto Cardich y se analiza su contexto teórico
"Ciencia y política en la arqueología chilena: el caso de Fondecyt". El conjunto de todos estos ... more "Ciencia y política en la arqueología chilena: el caso de Fondecyt". El conjunto de todos estos investigadores fue coordinado por Andrés Troncoso para el dossier sobre arqueología, productividad científica y política en Chile, publicado en el número 35 de la Revista Chilena de Antropología. Palabras clave: arqueología, Chile, ciencia, conicyt, política, indicadores de impacto. Abstract Leonor Adán, Gustavo G. Politis, Marcela Sepúlveda and Henry Tantaleán analise the essays from Andone Gurruchaga and Michelle Salgado "Scientific publishing under hegemonic criteria: exploring Chilean archaeological reality", Luis E. Cornejo "Productivity and impact of Chilean archaeology: a scientometric perspective"
Science Advances, 1919
The extinction of Pleistocene megafauna and the role played by humans have been subjects of const... more The extinction of Pleistocene megafauna and the role played by humans have been subjects of constant debate in American archeology. Previous evidence from the Pampas region of Argentina suggested that this environment might have provided a refugium for the Holocene survival of several megamammals. However, recent excavations and more advanced accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating at Campo Laborde site in the Argentinian Pampas challenge the Holocene survival of Pleistocene megamammals and provide original and high-quality information documenting direct human impact on the Pleistocene fauna. The new data offer definitive evidence for hunting and butchering of Megatherium americanum (giant ground sloth) at 12,600 cal years BP and dispute previous interpretations that Pleistocene megamammals survived into the Holocene in the Pampas.
The Southern Cone of South America (Argentina, Chile, Uruguay and Southeastern Brazil) was the la... more The Southern Cone of South America (Argentina, Chile, Uruguay and Southeastern Brazil) was the last continental mass colonized by humans. Until recently, the discussion about the peopling of the Americas revolved around the Clovis First-Pre-Clovis debate. Nowadays, the axis of this debate has changed (it has been consistently proved that there were people in the Americas before Clovis) and the central debate is if humans were South of the Laurentide/Cordilleran Ice Sheet after or before the onset of deglaciation (ca. 18 to 19 ky) of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). However, while several models have been proposed to uphold the first hypothesis, the second one is only supported by isolated site reports and sparse data. With very few exceptions, no coherent models have been proposed to integrate the few suggested pre-LGM sites sprawled in the continent. In this scenario, a fine-grain study of the timing of the arrival and the spatial occupation sequences of the expansion process is significant to understand the pattern of colonization of Homo sapiens in the Americas. In this chapter, we summarize and discuss the evidence from some key sites in the Southern Cone with pre-and post-onset of LGM deglaciation ages. We present a compilation of the earliest 14 C dates as a proxy of human presence in the Southern Cone, both from samples (charcoal, faunal remains, etc.) associated with human presence as well from human skeletons. Based this data, we analyze the main chronological trends and spatial sequences in the region. Finally, we contrast our results from the Southern Cone with the new continental scale models of peopling of the Americas, based on ancient DNA. Resumen El Cono Sur de Sudamérica (Argentina, Chile, Uruguay y el sureste de Brasil) fue la última masa continental colonizada por los humanos. Hasta hace poco, la dis-cusión sobre el poblamiento de América giró en torno al debate Clovis-Primero vs. Pre-Clovis. Actualmente el eje del debate ha cambiado ya que ha sido acepta-do consistentemente que hubo gente en el continente americano antes de Clovis), concentrándose en si los humanos estuvieron en el sur de la escudo gla-cial Laurentino/Cordillerano antes o después del comienzo de desglaciación New Perspectives on the Peopling of the Americas, ed.
Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 1918
Papers by Gustavo Politis
Prehispanic Macroregional Networks between the Southern Andes and the Lower Paraná River of South America
Journal of Anthropological Research
Regular and intensive links between populations in the Lower Paraná and the Southern Andes, the C... more Regular and intensive links between populations in the Lower Paraná and the Southern Andes, the Central Hills, and the Santiagueña Plains are evident in the most recent period of the Late Holocene. In this article, we summarize the small-scale and large-scale trade and exchange among these regions, which included not only material objects, such as metal, rocks, and shells, but also animals and intangible components, such as images and information. We conclude that since the latter half of the Late Holocene a macroregional system of integration based on symbolic complementarity included the Lower Paraná, the Central Hills, and the Santiagueña Plains. Objects and representations were instrumental in articulating a level of social integration in central-eastern Argentina and neighboring regions. We cannot fully understand the Indigenous societies of these regions without reference to the other peoples with whom they interacted through processes of trade and exchange.
Cuarenta Años Después De “La Distribución Del Guanaco (Mammalia, Camelidae) en La Provincia De Buenos Aires Durante El Pleistoceno Tardío y Holoceno. Los Factores Climáticos Como Causa De Su Retracción”
Publicación Electrónica de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina
En este trabajo se resume y reflexiona en forma crítica sobre la contribución de Tonni y Politis ... more En este trabajo se resume y reflexiona en forma crítica sobre la contribución de Tonni y Politis (1980) referida a la distribución del guanaco (Lama guanicoe) en la Provincia de Buenos Aires durante el Pleistoceno Tardío–Holoceno. Se contextualiza su publicación dentro de la carrera de Eduardo P. Tonni y se aborda la integración de distintas líneas de evidencia, como la arqueológica, paleontológica y paleoambiental, para repensar el caso. Se discuten los datos presentados por diferentes autores que han puesto a prueba el modelo propuesto hace ya algo más de cuatro décadas, a la par que se analizan nuevos temas generados a partir de esta discusión. Entre estos datos se destaca el debate sobre la presencia de llamas (Lama glama) a orillas del río Paraná en su curso inferior y la evaluación de las dataciones sobre colágeno de huesos, teniendo en cuenta las posibilidades de contaminación con materia orgánica más reciente. Se concluye que, luego de 40 años de su proposición, el modelo de distribución del guanaco en la Provincia de Buenos Aires ha tenido una notable vitalidad y ha generado un debate que aún sigue vigente.
Data from: Ancient mitochondrial DNA provides high-resolution time scale of the peopling of the Americas
The exact timing, route, and process of the initial peopling of the Americas remains uncertain de... more The exact timing, route, and process of the initial peopling of the Americas remains uncertain despite much research. Archaeological evidence indicates the presence of humans as far as southern Chile by 14.6 thousand years ago (ka), shortly after the Pleistocene ice sheets blocking access from eastern Beringia began to retreat. Genetic estimates of the timing and route of entry have been constrained by the lack of suitable calibration points and low genetic diversity of Native Americans. We sequenced 92 whole mitochondrial genomes from pre-Columbian South American skeletons dating from 8.6 to 0.5 ka, allowing a detailed, temporally calibrated reconstruction of the peopling of the Americas in a Bayesian coalescent analysis. The data suggest that a small population entered the Americas via a coastal route around 16.0 ka, following previous isolation in eastern Beringia for ~2.4 to 9 thousand years after separation from eastern Siberian populations. Following a rapid movement throughout the Americas, limited gene flow in South America resulted in a marked phylogeographic structure of populations, which persisted through time. All of the ancient mitochondrial lineages detected in this study were absent from modern data sets, suggesting a high extinction rate. To investigate this further, we applied a novel principal components multiple logistic regression test to Bayesian serial coalescent simulations. The analysis supported a scenario in which European colonization caused a substantial loss of pre-Columbian lineages
Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 2020
Relaciones de la Sociedad Argentina de Antropología, 2017
espanolEl sitio arqueologico La Olla se encuentra en la zona intermareal baja en la playa de Mont... more espanolEl sitio arqueologico La Olla se encuentra en la zona intermareal baja en la playa de Monte Hermoso (provincia de Buenos Aires), datado hacia finales del Holoceno Temprano. En 2008 se excavaron dos nuevos sectores, La Olla 3 y La Olla 4 (LO3 y LO4). Se recupero una gran variedad de materiales arqueologicos, entre ellos, artefactos liticos, instrumentos de madera y abundantes restos faunisticos. Aqui se presentan los resultados de los analisis faunisticos de un total de 316 especimenes. Los restos organicos se caracterizan por un estado de preservacion excepcional y los resultados permiten proponer que La Olla habria funcionado como un sitio especifico de procesamiento de dos especies de lobos marinos (Arctocephalus australis y Otaria flavescens). Los grupos de cazadores-recolectores ocuparon las marismas mixohalinas en las partes altas de la playa y, contrariamente a lo que sucede en la costa norte bonaerense, La Olla permite proponer un componente prioritario de recursos mar...
X Congreso Argentino …, 2010
En el litoral atlántico del sur de la provincia de Buenos Aires se sitúa la localidad arqueológic... more En el litoral atlántico del sur de la provincia de Buenos Aires se sitúa la localidad arqueológica Monte Hermoso1-La Olla, situada 6 km al oeste de la ciudad de Monte Hermoso. Los afloramientos del Holoceno, expuestos a lo largo de la zona intermareal, ...
Las huellas del pasado:: pisadas humanas prehistóricas en la costa pampeana
Ciencia hoy
UNIRED: PROYECTO PADRINAZGO PUBLICACIONES PERIODICAS ARGENTINAS. Título (A): Las huellas del pasa... more UNIRED: PROYECTO PADRINAZGO PUBLICACIONES PERIODICAS ARGENTINAS. Título (A): Las huellas del pasado: :pisadas humanas prehistóricas en la costa pampeana, p. 12-20: il. Autor Personal (A): Bayón, Cristina; Politis, Gustavo. ...
Cuadernos de Geografía: Revista Colombiana de Geografía, 1991
El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo la presentacion de este hallazgo, discutir la estratigraf... more El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo la presentacion de este hallazgo, discutir la estratigrafia y la cronologia de los sedimentos portadores e intentar la reconstruccion de las caracteristicas paleoambientales. Para ello, fueron realizados perfiles estratigraficos en las localidades estudiadas, muestreo de las unidades reconocidas, estudio palinologico en doce niveles distintos, muestreo de materiales organicos para fechado radiocarbonico y recoleccion de troncos para su estudio xilologico.
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Books (author) by Gustavo Politis
Papers by Gustavo Politis