Biography

He was granted the title Prince of Zhennan (镇南王, , "Prince of Suppressing the South") and moved his household to Ezhou in 1284.

In 1285, he led the Mongol armies sent to conquer Champa. He demanded from Đại Việt (now modern Vietnam) a route to Champa, which would trap the Champan army from both north and south, but it was rejected by retired emperor Trần Thánh Tông, who was the de facto ruler of Đại Việt. As a result, Toghon led an an invasion of Đại Việt under orders from Kublai Khan. At first he won several victories and captured Thăng Long, the capital of Đại Việt. Trần Thánh Tông had to offer princess An Tư to him to slow down the pace of the Mongol army. Later he ordered a withdrawal back to China, blaming the weather and diseas in Đại Việt. His forces were attacked and defeated by Trần Hưng Đạo during their retreat.

In 1287, he invaded Vietnam again. The Mongol navy was overwhelmed by Trần dynasty in Bạch Đằng river, and he retreated. This ashamed his father who no longer wished to see him again. He moved to Yangzhou in 1291, where he died 10 years later.

Family

• Father: Kublai Khan

• Mother: Empress Bayaujin

• Wife: Unknown

• Concubine: An Tư from Annam

• Sons:

　• Laozhang, Prince of Zhennan (镇南王 老章; Луужан)

　• Togh Bukha, Prince of Zhennan (镇南王 脱不花, Тобуха)

　• Könček Bukha, Prince of Weishun (威顺王 宽彻普化; Хонжибуха)

　• Temür Bukha, Prince of Huai (淮王 帖木儿不花; Төмөрбуха)

　• Mangi, Prince of Wenji (文济王 蛮子; Манзи)

　• Budaširi, Prince of Xuande (宣德王 不答失里; Будшир)

生平

至元二十一年（1284年）六月，封镇南王，镇守鄂州（今湖北省武汉市），赐螭纽金印。七月，因占城执杀元朝奉使暹罗之使臣，奉命总荆湖诸军征占城，假道越南陈朝。十二月，至越南，陈朝上皇陈圣宗陈日烜派从兄与陈兴道将兵拒元。脱欢谕令陈兴道退兵，陈兴道不从。于是分军六道进攻越南。二十二年（1285年）正月，转战到富良江，大败越南水军。陈日烜为争取御敌的时间，便将最小的妹妹安姿公主送予脱欢。陈日烜弃城而走，其弟陈益稷降元。脱欢入陈朝京都升龙大罗城，不屯富良江北，唆都等人从占城来会。水陆分兵，追击陈日烜。五月，左丞李恒在安邦海口差点擒获陈日烜。当时暑雨疫作，粮运不继，诸将议退军。脱欢听从。五月二十，元军在册江结筏安浮桥渡河，越军林中伏兵斩元将唆都。李恒殿后，毒矢贯穿膝盖，且战且行，仅卫脱欢出境。至思明州，士马亡失过半。元世祖得知，敕留蒙古军百人，汉军四百人为脱欢宿卫，其他诸军各回驻地。

第二年（1286年）春，召征东宣慰都元帅来阿八赤与阿里海牙至大都讨论伐安南，立征交趾行尚书省，以阿里海牙为左丞相，来阿八赤右丞，奥都赤为平章政事，乌马儿、樊楫等为参知政事，并受脱欢节制。徵发江淮、江西、湖广三行省蒙古、汉军七万人，战舰五百艘，云南兵六千人，海外四州黎兵一万五千人，海道万户张文虎等运粮十七万石，水陆军一共十万，分兵三道再攻安南。

湖广行省奏请缓师，诏阿里海牙返回。十一月，脱欢到达思明州，命右丞程鹏飞与奥鲁赤等分道并进，来八赤率领万人为前锋。脱欢到达界河，来阿八赤击败安南军。诸军会于万劫。十二月，脱欢到达茅罗港，攻破浮山寨，率诸军渡富良江，进逼陈朝京都升龙。陈圣宗、陈仁宗父子退到啖南堡，诸军攻下啖南（敢喃）等城。二十五年（1288年）正月，陈圣宗入海，元军追之不及，还军。军中粮尽，脱欢派乌马儿至安邦海口迎张文虎的粮船。二月，元军退到安劫。三月，退到内旁关。安南军截击元军归路，万户张均率所部三千人力战，元军出关。陈圣宗率兵三十万扼守女儿关及邱急岭，脱欢从单已县经过盝州回到思明州。来阿八赤、樊楫、万户张玉都阵亡。

元世祖以脱欢丧师辱国，命他终身不许入觐。开始，脱欢始受封命镇鄂州，因为在南征军中所以没有镇守鄂州。二十八年（1291年），率蒙汉军一千五百人镇守扬州。三十一年（1294年），忽必烈驾崩后，与诸王翊戴铁穆耳即位。大德五年（1301年），脱欢卒，子老章袭封。

家庭

妻妾

• 妾：陈氏（大越陈朝安姿公主）

子

• 镇南王老章

• 镇南王脱不花（子孛罗不花、孛罗不花子大圣奴）

• 威顺王宽彻普化

• 淮王帖木儿不花

• 文济王蛮子

• 安德王不答失里。

资料来源

• 《元史·宗室世系表》

• 《新元史》