Family background

Liu Yang was born in AD28 to Emperor Guangwu and his first love, Consort Yin Lihua. When Emperor Guangwu, was still an official under Gengshi Emperor, he had married Yin in 23. After he became emperor in 25, had wanted to make her empress, but she declined because she had no sons at that point. Instead, she endorsed Consort Guo, who already had a son in Liu Jiang, so Emperor Guangwu made Consort Guo empress and Prince Jiang crown prince in 26. However, Prince Yang's birth in AD 28 was still considered a major event.

From Dukedom of Donghai to crown prince

In AD 39, Emperor Guangwu created all of his sons, other than Crown Prince Jiang, dukes, and Prince Yang was made the Duke of Donghai. He quickly became known for his intelligence even in his young age, and he often made quick judgments of situations that turned out to be correct. Emperor Guangwu became very impressed with him.

At the age of 41, Empress Guo had lost the emperor's favor, and her constant complaints angered Emperor Guangwu. In AD 41, he deposed her and made Duke Yang's mother Consort Yin empress instead. All of the imperial dukes were promoted to princes to accommodate Emperor Guangwu's new title for Empress Guo—Princess Dowager of Zhongshan (after appointing her son Liu Fu the Prince of Zhongshan); Duke Yang was made the Prince of Donghai.

After Empress Guo was deposed, her son, Crown Prince Jiang, became concerned about remaining crown prince, and repeatedly made requests to be replaced. Emperor Guangwu was initially hesitant to depose of both the mother and son, but in 43, he resolved the situation by switching Princes Jiang's and Yang's positions. He made Prince Jiang the Prince of Donghai, and made Prince Yang crown prince. At this time, he also changed Prince Yang's name to Zhuang, perhaps because Yang (which means "sun") is such a commonly used character that the law of naming taboo would cause the people too a lot of trouble. The new name was not without its own problems, and many members of the Zhuang clan were forced to change their names.

In 51, the woman who would eventually become his empress – Consort Ma, the youngest daughter of famed general Ma Yuan – would become a consort of his. At the time she was 12, and he was 23. She would become a favorite of his, but never bore him a son. Her niece (the daughter of her older sister), Consort Jia, also a consort of Crown Prince Zhuang, did give birth to a child—Liu Da. So consort Ma adopted Consort Jia's son as her own.

As crown prince, Zhuang was often requested by Emperor Guangwu to render opinions in important matters. In AD 51, he was involved in making a correct major decision in Han's relationship with Xiongnu. By that point, Xiongnu had a civil war and divided themselves into two side—with North Xiongnu ruled by Chanyu Punu (蒲奴) and South Xiongnu ruled by Chanyu Bi (比). Han had become allied with South Xiongnu, and in response, Chanyu Punu, also wanting peace with Han, requested a heqin marriage. Prince Zhuang suggested that Emperor Guangwu refuse the proposal, reasoning that North Xiongnu had only made the proposal to alienate South Xiongnu from Han. Emperor Guangwu agreed.

In 57, Emperor Guangwu died, and Crown Prince Zhuang succeeded to the throne as Emperor Ming.

Early reign

Due to a naming taboo, people with the surname Zhuang were forced to change their surname to Yan.

Emperor Ming quickly established himself as a diligent and capable administrator of the empire. He did many things to try to stamp out corrupt officials, often putting them to death if they were discovered.

One thing traditional historians praised him for was his fair treatment of his brothers by the deposed Empress Guo, treating them as if they were also born of his mother Empress Dowager Yin. In 58, when his older brother, Prince Jiang of Donghai (the former crown prince) died, he ordered that the princes and major officials to attend Prince Jiang's funeral at Lucheng (, in modern Jining, Shandong), a highly unusual honor.

In 59, at the suggestion of his brother Liu Cang the Prince of Dongping, Emperor Ming instituted a number of Confucian rituals, in which the emperor personally honored the officials who had helped him, to show humility.

In 60, he created his favorite Consort Ma (who was also a favorite of his mother Empress Dowager Yin) empress, and created her adopted son Prince Da crown prince.

The same year, to honour the generals and officials who had assisted his father Emperor Guangwu in re-establishing the Han dynasty, Emperor Ming, perhaps echoing what Emperor Xuan had done, had the portraits of 28 of them drawn on a palace tower (known as "Yuntai 28 Generals"). Later, four more portraits were added. However, Ma Yuan, because he was the father of the empress, did not receive this honor.

During the early part of his reign, North Xiongnu continued to be a constant threat to both Han and her ally South Xiongnu. Emperor Ming engaged in a variety of military and economic tactics to try to maintain peace with North Xiongnu and was largely successful. In 65, he established a permanent border defense force, known as the Duliao Army (度遼營), in charge of protecting the northern boundaries and South Xiongnu, and also to prevent the people of South Xiongnu from defecting to North Xiongnu.

In 66, in what would eventually evolve into one of the first imperial university in Chinese history, Emperor Ming built a Confucian school at the capital Luoyang, for the children of high officials and marquesses. South Xiongnu nobles' children also attended.

Late reign

The Chu and Huaiyang

Emperor Ming was, early in his reign, known for his generosity and affection for his brothers. This, however, apparently caused some of them to engage in behavior that were considered taboo at the time and caused them to be severely punished by Emperor Ming, leading also to two major mass executions that blotted Emperor Ming's reign.

The first of these incidents happened in 66–67 and was relatively bloodless. The ambitious Prince Jing of Guanglin wanted to be emperor, and he plotted with people under him to rebel. When he was informed, he confessed, and Emperor Ming initially spared him and permitted him to remain the Prince of Guanglin but stripped his political powers. However, later Prince Jing hired warlocks to curse Emperor Ming. After he was discovered, Emperor Ming initially took no action, but in 67 forced Prince Jing to commit suicide.

The next incident would not be so bloodless. In 70, Prince Ying of Chu—incidentally, the only son of Emperor Guangwu not born of either of his empresses but of Consort Xu—hired warlocks to create golden turtles and jade cranes, and carved characters calling for unusual blessings on them—a major taboo at the time. Further, he was discovered to have written revolutionary writings. Emperor Ming did not put him to death, but deposed him from his principality, exiled him, and made him a commoner (but with a small fief of 500 households). In 71, Prince Ying committed suicide in exile. However, the investigation did not end. By Emperor Ming's orders, Prince Ying's associates (but not his family) were harshly tortured and interrogated, and anyone that they named as a co-conspirator was arrested and further tortured and interrogated. The interrogators themselves used this opportunity to falsely accuse many others of conspiracy. Tens of thousands of people died, either of torture or execution, during the investigation. Only after Empress Ma's intercession and persuasive petitions by one of the interrogators, Han Lang (寒朗), did the interrogations taper off.

A similar incident happened in 73, when Prince Yan of Huaiyang was informed to have hired warlocks to curse Emperor Ming. Several of Prince Yan's associates were executed, and there were also many others who were executed or exiled after Chu-style interrogations were carried out. Prince Yan himself was not executed, but was demoted from his commandery-level principality to be the Prince of Fulin, with only two counties in his principality.

Campaigns against North Xiongnu and reassertion of suzerainty over Xiyu

In 73, annoyed at North Xiongnu's constant incursions against Han, Emperor Ming commissioned his generals Geng Bing (耿秉) and Dou Gu (竇固) to lead a major expedition against North Xiongnu. They only had minor successes, but it demonstrated to North Xiongnu that Han was now in a position to strike back.

Dou, as part of his campaign, sent his assistant Ban Chao to visit the Xiyu (modern Xinjiang and former Soviet central Asia) kingdom of Shanshan (on the eastern edge of the Taklamakan Desert. (Xiyu kingdoms had long submitted to North Xiongnu's authority, and unable to bear the heavy taxes, had often requested that Han step in and reassert suzerainty that had been established during the Western Han Dynasty, starting with Emperor Wu's reign. However, they had been constantly rebuffed by Emperors Guangwu and Ming, who judged Han to be not sufficiently strong to engage in a Xiyu campaign.) Initially, the king of Shanshan was very pleased and welcomed the Han ambassadors as honored guests, but eventually the welcome faded. Ban realized that North Xiongnu ambassadors must have arrived. He found out where the North Xiongnu ambassadors were, and, in a night raid, massacred the Xiongnu ambassadors. The king of Shanshan was shocked but somewhat pleased, and submitted to Han suzerainty once again.

Emperor Ming promoted Ban and commissioned him to next visit Yutian ("Khotan"), then the strongest kingdom in southern Xiyu, which had a strong alliance with North Xiongnu. Guangde, the King of Yutian, trusted his chief warlock, who demanded Ban's horse. Ban agreed to give him the horse, and then, when the warlock arrived to pick up the horse, immediately executed him, and sent his head back to Guangde. Guangde was impressed and submitted to Han's suzerainty. With Yutian having submitted, the Xiyu kingdoms largely all submitted as well.

In 74, Dou and Geng led a major military expedition against a major remaining ally of North Xiongnu, Cheshi (roughly modern Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang). Cheshi submitted, and at Dou's suggestion, the office of the Protector General of Xiyu (都護) was reinstituted. A North Xiongnu expedition in 75 to recapture Cheshi was repelled by Geng Gong (耿恭), one of the deputies of the protector general.

Death

In 75, Emperor Ming died. His will ordered that no temple be built for him, and that he only be worshipped as part of the worship of his mother Empress Dowager Yin. (This became a systematic reform that the rest of the Eastern Han Dynasty emperors largely followed; they did not have separate temples built for themselves, but instead were worshipped along with Emperor Guangwu. This was a major saving compared to the Western Han system of building a separate temple for each emperor.) His son Crown Prince Da succeeded to the throne as Emperor Zhang.

Era name

• Yongping (永平) 58–75

Family

Consorts and issue

• Empress Mingde, of the Ma clan of Fufeng (39–79)

• Guiren, of the Jia clan (貴人 賈氏)

　• Liu Da, Emperor Xiaozhang (57–88), fifth son

　• Princess Pingyang (平陽公主), personal name Nu (奴), second daughter

　　• Married Feng Shun (馮順)

• Guiren, of the Yin clan (貴人 陰氏)

　• Liu Chang, Prince Jie of Liang (梁節王 劉暢; d. 98), seventh son

• Guiren, of the Qin clan (贵人 秦氏)

• Guiren, of the Yan clan (贵人 阎氏)

• Unknown

　• Liu Jian, Prince Ai of Qiancheng (千乘哀王 劉建; d. 61), first son

　• Liu Xian, Prince Jing of Chen (陳敬王 劉羨; d. 97), second son

　• Liu Gong, Prince Jing of Pengcheng (彭城靖王 劉恭; d. 117), third son

　• Liu Dang, Prince Jing of Lecheng (樂成靖王 劉黨; 58–96), fourth son

　• Liu Yan, Prince Hui of Xiapi (下邳惠王 劉衍; 64–126), sixth son

　• Liu Bing, Prince Qing of Huaiyang (淮陽頃王 劉昞; d. 87), eighth son

　• Liu Chang, Prince Dao of Jiyin (濟陰悼王 劉長; d. 84), ninth son

　• Princess Huojia (獲嘉公主), personal name Ji (姬), first daughter

　　• Married Feng Zhu, Marquis Yangyi (馮柱), and had issue (one son)

　• Princess Longlü (隆慮公主), personal name Ying (迎), third daughter

　　• Married Geng Xi, Marquis Mouping (耿襲)

　• Princess Pingshi (平氏公主), personal name Ci (次), fourth daughter

　• Princess Qinshui (沁水公主), personal name Zhi (致), fifth daughter

　　• Married Deng Gan, Marquis Gaomi (鄧乾; d. 95)

　• Princess Pinggao (平皋公主), personal name Xiaoji (小姬), sixth daughter

　　• Married Deng Bo, Marquis Chang'an (鄧蕃)

　• Princess Junyi (浚儀公主), personal name Zhong (仲), seventh daughter

　　• Married Wang Du, Marquis Yang (王度)

　• Princess Wu'an (武安公主), personal name Hui (惠), eighth daughter

　　• Married Lai Leng, Marquis Zhengqiang (來棱), and had issue (one son)

　• Princess Luyang (魯陽公主), personal name Chen (臣), ninth daughter

　• Princess Leping (樂平公主), personal name Xiaoying (小迎), tenth daughter

　• Princess Cheng'an (成安公主), personal name Xiaomin (小民), 11th daughter

生平

漢明帝生于建武四年五月甲申（28年6月15日）。他從小就聰明好學，十歲時能夠通讀《春秋》。

建武十五年（39年）封東海公，十七年（41年）進爵為東海王，十九年（43年）被立為皇太子。建武中元二年二月初五戊戌（57年3月29日），三十歲的劉莊即皇帝位。

明帝即位後，一切遵奉漢光武帝的制度。明帝熱心提倡儒學，注重刑名文法，為政苛察，總攬權柄，權不借下。他嚴令后妃之家不得封侯與政，對貴戚功臣也多方防範。同時，基本上消除了因為王莽虐政而引起的周邊蠻夷侵擾的威脅，使漢跟周邊蠻夷的友好關係得到了恢復和發展。

明帝允北匈奴互市之請，但並未消彌北匈奴的寇掠，反而動搖了早已歸附的南匈奴。只得改變光武時期息兵養民的策略，重新對匈奴開戰。永平十六年（73年），命祭肜、竇固、耿秉、來苗征伐北匈奴，漢軍進抵天山，擊呼衍王，斬首千餘級，追至蒲類海（今新疆巴里坤湖），取伊吾盧地。永平十七年（74年），命竇固、耿秉、劉張征白山虜於蒲類海，複置西域都護府，用來管轄西域地區。其後，竇固又以班超出使西域，由是西域諸國皆遣子入侍。自新朝地皇四年（23年）以來，西域與中原斷絕關係50年後又恢復了正常交往。班超以三十六人征服鄯善、于寘諸國、耿恭守疏勒城力拒匈奴等故事都發生在這一時期。

此外，隨著對外交往的正常發展，佛教已在西漢末年傳入西域，永平十年（67年），明帝夢見金人，其名曰佛，于是派使者赴天竺求得其書及沙門，並于雒陽建立中國第一座佛教廟宇白馬寺。

明帝，章帝時期，朝廷派竇固等率兵出擊匈奴，並同時遣班超出使西域，使絲綢之路再次復通。

明帝之世，吏治非常清明，境內安定。加以多次下詔招撫流民，以郡國公田賜貧人、貸種食，並興修水利。因此，史書記載當時民安其業，戶口滋殖。據《後漢書》記載：光武帝建武中元二年（57年），人口為2100萬，至漢明帝永平十八年（75年），在不到20年的時間裡增加至3412萬。明帝以及隨後的章帝在位時期，史稱「明章之治」。

永平十八年八月初六壬子（75年9月5日），漢明帝逝世于雒陽東宮前殿，終年四十八歲。八月壬戌（9月15日），葬于顯節陵（今河南洛陽市東南）。廟號顯宗，謚號孝明皇帝。其治下的人數達到戶5860573、口34125021。

執政

評價

正面

傅毅︰「惟此永平，其德不回，恢廓鴻績，遐方是懷，明明肅肅，四國順威，赫赫盛漢，功德巍巍，躬履聖德，以臨萬國，仁風弘惠，雲布雨集，武伏蚩尤，文騰孔墨，下制九州，上系皇極，豐美中世，垂華億載，冠堯佩舜，踐履五代，三雍既洽，帝道繼備，七經宣暢，孔業淑著，明德慎罰，尊上師傅，薄刑厚賞，惠慈仁恕，明並日月，無有偏照，譬如北辰，與天同曜，發號施令，萬國震懼，庠序設陳，禮樂宣布，璇璣所建，靡不奄有，貢篚納賦，如歸父母，正朔永昌，冠帶儋耳，四方共貫，八極同軌。」(《明帝誄》)

蔡邕︰「孝明皇帝聖德聰明，政參文宣，廟稱顯宗。孝章皇帝至孝烝烝，仁恩溥大，海內賴祉，廟稱肅宗。比方前事，得禮之宜。」(《蔡中郎集‧宗廟迭毀議》)

薛瑩︰「明帝自在儲宮，而聰允之德著矣，及臨萬機，以身率禮，恭奉遺業，一以貫之，雖夏啟周成，繼體持統，無以加焉，是以海內乂安，四夷賓服，斷獄希少，有治平之風，號曰顯宗，不亦宜乎。」(《後漢記》)

華嶠︰「世祖既以吏事自嬰，明帝尤任文法，總攬威柄，權不借下，值天下初定，四民樂業，戶口滋殖，中興以來，追蹤宣帝，以鍾離意之廉淳，諫爭懇懇，常以寬和為首，以此推之，難得而言也。」(《八家後漢書》)

劉淵︰「顯宗孝明皇帝、肅宗孝章皇帝累葉重暉，炎光再闡。」(《晉書‧載記一》)

范曄︰「明帝善刑理，法令分明。日晏坐朝，幽枉必達。內外無幸曲之私，在上無矜大之色。斷獄得情，號居前代十二。故後之言事者，莫不先建武、永平之政。而鐘離意、宋均之徒，常以察慧為言，夫豈弘人之度未優乎？」、「顯宗丕承，業業兢兢。危心恭德，政察奸勝。備章朝物，省薄墳陵。永懷廢典，下身遵道。登台觀雲，臨雍拜老。懋惟帝績，增光文考。」(《後漢書》)

褚遂良︰「臣謹按漢明、章、和三帝，能友愛子弟，自茲已降，取為準的。封立諸王，雖各有國土，年尚幼小者，召留京師，訓以禮法，垂以恩惠。訖三帝世，諸王數十百人，唯二王稍惡，自余餐和染教，皆為善人。則前事已驗，惟陛下詳察。」(《舊唐書‧褚遂良傳》)

李渤︰「明帝孝思，敦九族，旰食以達幽枉，無幸私，無矜色。章帝性仁厚，行春令，建胎養法，賦貧人以苑地。和帝抑符瑞，省貢獻，有明、章餘風，皆洛都之令主。」(《全唐文.上封事表》)

李翱︰「僕以為西漢十一帝，高祖起布衣，定天下，豁達大度，東漢所不及。其餘惟文、宣二帝為優，自惠、景以下，亦不皆明於東漢明、章兩帝。」(《全唐文‧答皇甫湜書》)

蘇轍︰「西漢文帝二十三年，景帝十六年，昭帝十二年。東漢明帝十八年，章帝十三年，和帝十七年，唐太宗二十三年，此皆近世之明主。」(《欒城集.歷代論》)

陳櫟︰「明帝聰慧少成，自為東海公時辯吏牘所書，知為墾田事，其明察已可知。及既即位，遵奉建武制度，法令分明，日晏坐朝，幽枉畢達。言東漢之治者，以建武、永平並稱之，尤能垂情古典，留意經學。自為太子師事桓榮，迨為天子尊禮尤至。臨幸闢雍，行養老禮，以李躬為三老，桓榮為五更，饗射禮畢，正坐自講諸儒，執經問難于前圜橋門，而觀者億萬計下，而羽林悉通孝經外，而匈奴遣子入學，三代而下，事師之禮，崇文之儀，數千百年鮮有其比。惜乎！桓榮授經專門章句，不知以古人修身治天下之大學啟廸輔導之，故其君之德業如是而止，杜權門之請託，靳主子之求郎，后妃之家不得封侯與政，推其內助之功，賢如馬後德冠古今，不無補焉！奈何傷于褊察，以耳目隱發為明，自起撞郎，斥辱公卿，廣陵楚王之獄，死徙數千家，無乃弘人之度，未優乎！至若遣使天竺，求浮屠書迎入中國，後世佛氏之禍開端于此，遂為宇宙間不可除之痼疾，崇尚儒學之虛美不足以蓋其開端佛氏之實禍，可重嘆也！」(《歷代通略》)

葉適︰「孝明行養老禮，意既篤實，文亦丁寧，可謂三代之後，曠千載而一遇也。」(《習學記言.卷二十四》)

謝肇淛 ︰「四君之外，漢則昭、宣、明、章，唐則玄、憲、宣、武，宋則藝祖、太宗、孝宗，其撥亂守成，皆有足多者。」(《五雜俎》)

彭大翼︰「東漢明帝約身率禮，遵奉建武制度，海內乂安，四夷賔服，有治平之風。」(《山堂肆考》)

王志堅︰「世祖詔︰「百僚上書不得言聖」，明帝詔︰「自今若有過稱虛譽，尚書皆宜抑而不省，示不為諂子蚩也。」如世祖父子可謂度越千古矣。」(《讀史商語》)

顧炎武︰「觀夫史之所錄，無非功名勢利之人，筆札喉舌之輩，而如董生之言正誼明道者不一二見也，蓋自春秋之後，至東京，而其風俗稍複乎古，吾是以知光武、明、章果有變齊至魯之功，而借其未純乎道也。自斯以降，則宋慶曆、元右之間為優矣。嗟乎，論世而不考其風俗，無以明人主之功。余之所以斥周末而進東京，亦《春秋》之意也。」(《日知錄》)

趙翼︰「漢文帝詔曰：「人主不德，則天示之災。今日食適見于天，災孰大焉。」宣帝詔曰：「皇天見異，以戒朕躬。」光武詔曰：「吾德薄致災，謫見日月，戰慄恐懼，夫何言哉。今方念愆，庶消厥咎。其令百官，各上封事。上書者，不得言聖。」明帝詔曰：「朕奉承祖業，無有善政。日月薄蝕，彗孛見天。雖夙夜勤思，而知能不逮。今之動變，倘有可救，其言事者，靡有所諱。」又詔曰：「朕以無德，下貽人怨，上動三光，日食之變，其災尤大。春秋圖讖，所謂至譴。永思厥咎，在予一人。」章帝詔曰：「朕之不德，上累三光，震慄切切，痛心疾首。前代聖君，博思咨諏，有開匱反風之應。今予小子，徒慘慘而已。」以上諸詔，皆有道之君，太平之世，尚遇災而懼如此。」(《廿二史札記》)

王仕雲︰「明帝幸學，三老五更。執經問難，冠帶環門。雲台紀勛，二十八人。元功鄧禹，迄于劉隆。劉平善政，班超立功。驚戎廉范，拜井耿恭。」(《四字鑒略》)

弘曆︰「眀帝以英睿之資，加以好學重道，親臨闢雍，尊桓榮、李躬為更老，所以勸賢勵能，崇尚聖教者，至矣。而友愛東海王，則又常棣匪他之意，始終無間也。」(《御製樂善堂全集定本.東漢總論》)

負面

傅玄︰「肅矣孝明，杖法任刑，勤綜萬機，察下以情，未弘道治，用致太平，專信俗儒，非禮之經。」(《漢明帝贊》)

陳櫟︰「奈何傷于褊察，以耳目隱發為明，自起撞郎，斥辱公卿，廣陵楚王之獄，死徙數千家，無乃弘人之度，未優乎！至若遣使天竺，求浮屠書迎入中國，後世佛氏之禍開端于此，遂為宇宙間不可除之痼疾，崇尚儒學之虛美不足以蓋其開端佛氏之實禍，可重嘆也！」(《歷代通略》)

王夫之︰「明帝之過于明察也，非法外而加虔劉，如胡亥之為也，盡法而無欽恤之心耳。其法是，其情則過；其情過，其法固是也。即令大獄之興，罹于囚隸者，有迫待矜釋者焉。」(《讀通鑑論》)

鮑東里︰「顯宗明帝，崇師重道，勛戚受經，闢雍養老。奈何褊察，自起撞郎，首興佛教，千載罹殃。」(《史鑒節要便讀》)

家庭

后妃

皇后

• 明德皇后馬氏，漢章帝養母

妃嬪

• 賈貴人，平陽公主、漢章帝生母

• 陰貴人

• 秦貴人，有寵，其兄秦彭。

• 閻貴人，尚書閻章妹

• 賈貴人，賈複孫女，馬姜和賈武仲長女，與漢章帝生母賈貴人是否為同一人，中國學界有相反的意見。

• 賈貴人，賈複孫女，馬姜和賈武仲次女

兒女

兒

• 千乘哀王劉建

• 陳敬王劉羨

• 彭城靖王劉恭

• 樂成靖王劉黨

• 漢章帝劉炟

• 下邳惠王劉衍

• 梁節王劉暢

• 淮陽頃王劉昞（？—87年9月2日），生母不詳。永平十五年（72年），劉昞封為常山王。漢章帝建初四年（79年），徙為淮陽王，以汝南之新安、西華益淮陽國。章和元年七月十七（87年9月2日），劉昞去世，謚號頃，子殤王劉側嗣位。

• 濟陰悼王劉長

女

• 劉姬 獲嘉長公主

• 劉奴 平陽公主

• 劉迎 隆慮公主

• 劉次 平氏公主

• 劉致 沁水公主

• 劉小姬 平皋公主

• 劉仲 浚儀公主

• 劉惠 武安公主 漢安帝尊為長公主

• 劉臣 魯陽公主

• 劉小迎 樂平公主

• 劉小民 成安公主

影視形象

• 中國大陸電視劇《秀麗江山之長歌行》（2016年），趙文浩 飾

• 中國大陸電視紀錄片《中國》第一季（2020年），張彬 飾

延伸閱讀