Family

Parents:

• Father: Xulüquanqu Chanyu

• Mother: Unknown

• Brother: Woyanqudi Chanyu

Wives

• Lady Da Yanzhi (大阏氏)

　• Fuzhulei Ruodi Chanyu (复株絫若鞮單于; r 31–20 BC)

　• Souxie Chanyu (搜谐單于; r. 20–12 BC)

　• Wulei Chanyu (乌累若鞮單于; r.13–18 AD)

　• Prince Xian of Zuo (左贤王)

• Lady Zhuanqu Yanzhi (颛渠阏氏)

　• Juya Chanyu (车牙單于; r.12–8 B.C)

　• Wuzhuliu Chanyu (乌珠留单; r.8 BC–13 AD)

• Lady Tuqi Yanzhi (屠耆阏氏)

　• Prince Xian of You (右贤王)

• Lady Diwu Yanzhi (第五阏氏)

　• Huduershidaogao Chanyu (呼都而尸道皋若鞮單于)

• Lady Wang Zhaojun (王昭君)

　• Prince Yituzhiyashi (伊屠智牙師)

　• Another Prince

Biography

By the time that the tyrannical Woyanqudi Chanyu was killed in 58 BC, the already weakened Xiongnu confederacy had already fragmented into several factions warring against each other, among them are the two sons of Woyanqudi's predecessor Huhanye and Zhizhi. The two brothers turned against each other, and Huhanye was defeated by Zhizhi in 51 BC. He fled south and submitted to the Han dynasty, personally travelled to Chang'an to visit Emperor Xuan, who allowed his tribe to settle in the Yinshan area. Zhizhi also submitted to the Han the following year, but declared independence in 48 BC once he saw that they favored Huhanye, and moved further west to attack Fergana and the Wusun. In 43 BC, Huhanye moved back north. Zhizhi was killed by the Han at the Battle of Zhizhi in 36 BC, leaving Huhanye the uncontested leader of the Xiongnu.

In 33 BC, Huhanye visited Chang'an as part of the tributary system that existed between the Han and Xiongnu governments. He took the opportunity to request to become an imperial son-in-law. Unwilling to honour Huhanye with a real princess, Emperor Yuan ordered that the plainest girl in the palace be selected. A lady-in-waiting named Wang Zhaojun volunteered and the Emperor approved. However, Wang Zhaojun was revealed to be exceedingly beautiful (and was portraited to be plain by the selection painter, whom she did not bribe) and is considered one of the Four Beauties of ancient China, alongside Xi Shi, Diaochan, and Yang Guifei.

Wang Zhaojun became a favorite of Huhanye Chanyu, giving birth to two sons. Only one, Yituzhiyashi (伊屠智牙師) has been recorded as survived, and Yituzhiyazhi was involved in politics. They also had two daughters, Yun (雲) known as Subu Juci (须卜居次) and Dangyu Juci (当于居次). Yun was created Princess Yimuo and would later become a powerful figure in Xiongnu politics. Huhanye died in 31 BC and was succeeded by his son Diaotaomogao.

Footnotes

生平

公元前60年，虛閭權渠單于死後，他作為單于之子不得立，逃歸妻父烏禪幕。握衍朐鞮單于在位時「暴虐，好殺伐」，國內不滿的人漸多。公元前58年，姑夕王、烏禪幕及左地貴人共立稽侯狦為呼韓邪單于，然後出動左地兵四五萬人進攻握衍朐鞮單于，握衍朐鞮單于自殺。

握衍朐鞮單于死後，匈奴多位族人自立單于，匈奴分為南北二部，如屠耆單于（前58年－前56年）、呼揭單于（前57年）、車犁單于（前57年－前56年）、烏籍單于（前57年）、閏振單于（前56年－前54年）、郅支單于（前56年－前36年）、伊利目單于（前49年）。互相攻擊，死者以萬數。前56年，先後擊殺屠耆單于、烏籍單于，收降車犁單于，勢力漸盛。前54年，呼韓邪單于被郅支單于打敗，次年採納左伊秩訾王之策，遣子弟侍漢，求助於漢宣帝。前52年，歸服漢朝，受厚遇，位在諸侯王之上。前51年呼韓邪親自前往長安朝見漢宣帝，他是第一個到中原來朝見的匈奴主，漢宣帝亦親自到長安郊外迎接，單于對漢帝贊謁稱臣。後來漢宣帝派一萬六千名騎兵護送他到了漠南，率部南遷漢光祿塞（今陝西省榆林市東北）下，為漢朝守衛受降城。時匈奴缺糧，又贈三萬四千斛糧食，民眾益盛。與漢使相約「漢與匈奴合為一家，世世毋得相詐相攻」，後北歸單于庭。前36年郅支單于被西域都護甘延壽、副校尉陳湯率部擊殺，使其恢復了對匈奴全境的統治。前33年，呼韓邪單于再次來到長安，要求和親，宮女王昭君遂隨呼韓邪去了塞北，被封寧胡閼氏，育有一子，名伊屠智牙師，後封右日逐王。前31年，呼韓邪單于去世，王昭君從胡俗，嫁呼韓邪寵妾大閼氏的長子復株累若鞮單于。自呼韓邪單于開始，匈奴與漢朝保持和好關係達六七十年。

親屬

父母

• 父：虛閭權渠單于

• 哥：握衍朐鞮單于

閼氏（妻）

• 大閼氏

　• 複株絫若鞮單于，雕陶莫皋，前31年-前20年在位

　• 搜諧單于，且糜胥，前20年-前12年在位

　• 烏累若鞮單于，咸，13年-18年在位

　• 左賢王，樂，前8年，囊知牙斯即位，以樂為左賢王，11年，囊知牙斯遣左骨都侯、右伊秩訾王呼盧訾及左賢王樂將兵入雲中益壽塞，大殺吏民

• 顓渠閼氏

　• 車牙單于，且莫車，前12年-前8年在位

　• 烏珠留單于，囊知牙斯，母顓渠閼氏，前8年-13年在位

• 屠耆閼氏

　• 右賢王，盧渾

• 第五閼氏

　• 呼都而尸道皋若鞮單于，輿，18年-46年在位

• 寧胡閼氏（王昭君）

　• 右谷蠡王，伊屠智牙師

• 未知母

　• 右賢王，銖婁渠堂，前53年到漢朝做人質

影視形象

• 1964年電影《王昭君》：李英飾演呼韓邪單于

• 1987年電視劇《王昭君》：滿達飾演呼韓邪單于

• 2006年電視劇《昭君出塞》：錢博飾演呼韓邪單于（少年）

• 2006年電視劇《昭君出塞》：羅嘉良飾演呼韓邪單于

• 2007年電視劇《王昭君》：塗們飾演呼韓邪單于