Early career

Zhuge Dan was from Yangdu County (陽都縣), Langya Commandery, which is in present-day Yinan County, Shandong. He was a descendant of Zhuge Feng (諸葛豐) and a cousin of Zhuge Jin and Zhuge Liang. He started his career as a Gentleman of Writing (尚書郎). There was once when he and Du Ji, a Supervisor (僕射), test-rode a boat in the river. The boat capsized after being hit by a wave and both men were thrown overboard. When the huben guards came to save him, Zhuge Dan told them to save Du Ji first. He lost consciousness later, drifted to the shore, and eventually recovered.

Later, Zhuge Dan became the Prefect (令) of Xingyang County (滎陽縣) and then served as a Gentleman (郎) in the Ministry of Personnel (吏部). During this time, when his colleagues recommended people to him, he would publicly reveal what they told him in private before giving jobs to the people they recommended. When he evaluated officials' performance, he would take into account what others said regardless of whether it was positive or negative. As a result, his colleagues were especially careful when they recommended people to him.

After gaining some experience in the Ministry of Personnel, Zhuge Dan was then reassigned to be a Palace Assistant Imperial Secretary and Master of Writing (御史中丞尚書). He was close friends with Xiahou Xuan and Deng Yang. They enjoyed much praise from other officials and the citizens in the imperial capital. Later, someone told the Wei emperor Cao Rui that Zhuge Dan and his friends, along with other "celebrities", were engaging in superficial and fame-seeking behaviour. Cao Rui felt disgusted and wanted to discourage such behaviour among his subjects, so he removed Zhuge Dan from office.

After Cao Rui's death in January 239, Cao Fang became the new Wei emperor. He restored Zhuge Dan as Palace Assistant Imperial Secretary and Master of Writing, and subsequently promoted him to Inspector (刺史) of Yang Province and General of Illustrious Martial Might (昭武將軍).

Battle of Dongxing

In 251, Wei imperial forces led by the regent Sima Yi suppressed a rebellion by the Wei general Wang Ling. After that, the Wei imperial court appointed Zhuge Dan as General Who Guards the East (鎮東將軍), granted him imperial authority, put him in charge of military affairs in Yang Province, and enfeoffed him as the Marquis of Shanyang Village (山陽亭侯). After Sima Yi died later that year, his son Sima Shi succeeded him as regent and continued to control the Wei government.

Around early or mid 252, Zhuge Dan pointed out to Sima Shi that Eastern Wu forces had been making incursions on Wei territory and had constructed a large dam, complete with exterior defences, at Dongxing (東興; southeast of present-day Chaohu, Anhui). He suggested to Sima Shi to send Wang Chang and Guanqiu Jian to lead troops to attack and destroy the dam. Later that year, Sima Shi devised a strategy for launching a three-pronged attack on Eastern Wu. He sent Wang Chang to attack Nan Commandery (南郡; present-day Jingzhou, Hubei), Guanqiu Jian to attack Wuchang (武昌; present-day Ezhou, Hubei), and Hu Zun and Zhuge Dan to lead 70,000 troops to attack the Dongxing dam. In response, the Wu general Zhuge Ke led 40,000 troops to Dongxing to counter the invaders. The Battle of Dongxing concluded with a tactical victory for the Wu forces. Zhuge Dan was reassigned to the position of General Who Guards the South (鎮南將軍) after he returned from the battle.

Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qins Rebellion

In early 255, the Wei generals Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin started a rebellion in Shouchun (壽春; present-day Shou County, Anhui) because they were unhappy with the Sima family's control over the Wei government. Both of them were close to the former Wei regent Cao Shuang and his followers, who were ousted from power in a coup in 249 by Sima Yi. Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin sent a messenger to Zhuge Dan, urging him to rally troops in Yu Province to support them. However, Zhuge Dan executed the messenger and publicly announced that Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin had rebelled.

Sima Shi personally led Wei imperial forces to deal with the rebels. He ordered Zhuge Dan to lead troops from Yu Province and advance to Shouchun via Anfeng Ford (安風津). After Sima Shi quelled the revolt, Zhuge Dan and his forces were the first to enter Shouchun. By then, the civilian population of Shouchun, numbering over 100,000, had fled into the countryside or escaped to Eastern Wu for fear of being killed.

The Wei imperial court appointed Zhuge Dan as Senior General Who Guards the East (鎮東大將軍), with honours equivalent to those of the Three Ducal Ministers, and ordered him to oversee military affairs in Yang Province. Earlier on, when news of Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin's rebellion reached Eastern Wu, the Wu regent Sun Jun, along with Lü Ju, Liu Zan and others, had led Wu forces to Shouchun to support the rebels. However, by the time they showed up, Wei forces had recaptured Shouchun so the Wu forces retreated. Zhuge Dan sent his subordinate Jiang Ban (蔣班) to lead troops to attack the retreating Wu forces. Jiang Ban killed Liu Zan in the ensuing battle and obtained his official seal. For his achievements, Zhuge Dan was promoted from a village marquis to a county marquis – "Marquis of Gaoping (County)" (高平侯) – and awarded 3,500 taxable households to form his marquisate. The Wei government also changed his appointment to "Senior General Who Attacks the East" (征東大將軍).

Zhuge Dans Rebellion

Making preparations to rebel

As Zhuge Dan was close friends with Xiahou Xuan and Deng Yang (鄧颺) – both were Cao Shuang's associates – and had witnessed the downfall of Wang Ling and Guanqiu Jian, he felt very uneasy and was worried that he would become a victim of the Sima family's purges. Thus, when he was stationed in Shouchun (壽春; present-day Shou County, Anhui), he attempted to increase his popularity among the masses in the Huai River area by being very generous. He also used his personal wealth to bribe his subordinates and hire thousands of mercenaries as bodyguards. He even pardoned criminals who committed capital offences.

Around the winter of 256, Zhuge Dan found an excuse to entrench himself further in Shouchun and build up his defences. He wrote to the Wei imperial court, claiming that he heard that Eastern Wu forces were planning to attack the Huai River region. He asked for 100,000 troops and permission to build more defensive structures in the area. At the time, as Sima Shi had died in 255, his younger brother Sima Zhao had taken over the reins of power as the regent of Wei. Jia Chong suggested to Sima Zhao to keep a close watch on the generals who were guarding strategic locations throughout the Wei Empire and assess whether they were loyal to him. Sima Zhao heeded his words and sent him to Shouchun to meet Zhuge Dan. Jia Chong told Zhuge Dan, "Many wise men in Luoyang hope to see the Emperor abdicate in favour of a better ruler. You already know this. What do you think?" Zhuge Dan replied sternly, "Aren't you Inspector Jia's son? The State has treated your family generously for generations. How can you betray the State and let it fall into the hands of others? I can't stand this. If there is trouble in Luoyang, I'll die for the State." Jia Chong remained silent. After returning to Luoyang, Jia Chong told Sima Zhao, "Zhuge Dan has high prestige and popularity in Yang Province. If you summon him here and he doesn't obey, it's a small problem. But if you don't summon him, it'll become a big problem." Around the early summer of 257, Sima Zhao issued an order in the imperial court's name, ordering Zhuge Dan to return to Luoyang to serve as Minister of Works (司空) in the central government. While the order ostensibly promoted Zhuge Dan to a prestigious ministerial office (one of the Three Ducal Ministers, in fact), it was actually a move to remove him from power in Shouchun and put him under Sima Zhao's control in Luoyang.

Rising in revolt

When Zhuge Dan received the order, he knew that Sima Zhao was suspicious of him and became fearful. According to the Wei Jin Shiyu, he suspected that Yue Lin (樂綝; son of Yue Jin), the Inspector (刺史) of Yang Province, had instigated Sima Zhao to remove him from power in Shouchun and summon him to Luoyang. He then led a few hundred soldiers to Yue Lin's office to kill him. When he arrived, he saw that the gates were closed so he shouted at the guards, "Weren't you my subordinates last time?" He then forced his way in and killed Yue Lin. Another account from the Wei Mo Zhuan (魏末傳) mentioned that Zhuge Dan hosted a party after receiving the order and lied that he wanted to take a day off from work and go outside Shouchun. He brought along 700 soldiers with him. When Yue Lin heard about it, he ordered the city gates to be shut. Zhuge Dan then ordered his men to force the gates open, set fire to the Inspector's office, and killed Yue Lin. He then wrote a memorial to the imperial court, accusing Yue Lin of secretly collaborating with Eastern Wu and claiming that he executed Yue Lin after discovering his treachery. The historian Pei Songzhi believed the Wei Mo Zhuan account to be untrue, given how it described Zhuge Dan's behaviour. In any case, Zhuge Dan killed Yue Lin and started a rebellion in Shouchun against the Wei government.

When Zhuge Dan rose in revolt, he had about 100,000 troops under his command in the Huai River region. Most of these troops were stationed as part of the Wei government's tuntian policy. He also managed to recruit another 40,000 to 50,000 troops in Yang Province. He had stockpiled a year's worth of supplies and was completely capable of being self-sufficient in that region. He then sent Wu Gang (吴綱), a Chief Clerk (長史), to bring his son Zhuge Jing to seek help from Eastern Wu. In return, Zhuge Jing would remain in Wu as a hostage.

The Wu regent Sun Chen was overjoyed. He ordered Quan Yi (全懌), Quan Duan (全端), Tang Zi, Wang Zuo (王祚) and other officers to lead 30,000 Wu troops to support Zhuge Dan's rebellion. He also secretly asked Wen Qin, who had defected to Wu after Guanqiu Jian's defeat, to help Zhuge Dan. The Wu government granted Zhuge Dan imperial authority and the following appointments: Left Protector-General (左都護), Grand Minister Over the Masses (大司徒), General of Agile Cavalry (驃騎將軍), and Governor of Qing Province (青州牧). They also enfeoffed him as the Marquis of Shouchun (壽春侯).

Battles

Among the various Wei imperial forces sent to suppress Zhuge Dan's rebellion, the army led by Wang Ji arrived at Shouchun first and started to surround the city. Before the encirclement was complete, the Wu forces led by Tang Zi and Wen Qin managed to cut across mountainous terrain in the northeast of Shouchun and enter the city to meet up with Zhuge Dan.

Around July 258, Sima Zhao reached Xiang County (項縣; present-day Shenqiu County, Henan), where he took overall command of the 260,000 troops mobilised from throughout the Wei Empire to suppress the rebellion, and advanced towards Shouchun. He remained at Qiutou (丘頭), while sending Wang Ji and Chen Qian (陳鶱) to surround Shouchun and reinforce their encirclement with defensive structures such as earth walls and moats. At the same time, he also ordered Shi Bao (石苞) and Zhou Tai to lead some troops to patrol the perimeter and guard against any forces coming to help Zhuge Dan. When Wen Qin and others attempted to break out of the siege, they were driven back by the Wei forces.

The Wu general Zhu Yi led another force to Shouchun to assist Zhuge Dan. Zhou Tai attacked Zhu Yi at Lijiang (黎漿) and defeated him. The Wu regent Sun Chen was furious with Zhu Yi's failure and had him executed.

Defections

After some time, Shouchun gradually ran low on supplies and became increasingly isolated from the outside world. Two of Zhuge Dan's close aides, Jiang Ban (蔣班) and Jiao Yi (焦彝), told their general: "Zhu Yi came with a large army but failed to achieve anything. Sun Chen executed Zhu Yi and returned to Jiangdong. He is actually putting on a front when he sent troops to help us. His decision to turn back already shows that he is adopting a wait-and-see attitude. Now, since our troops are still high on morale and eager to fight, we should focus all efforts on breaking one side of the siege. Even if we cannot drive back the enemy, we can at least allow some of our forces to escape and survive."

Wen Qin disagreed and told Zhuge Dan, "Jiangdong forces are known for having scored victories; their enemies in the north can't stop them. Sir, you have led over 100,000 men to join Jiangdong. Quan Yi, myself and the others from Jiangdong are trapped here too with you. Our families are still in Jiangdong. Even if Sun Chen doesn't want to save us, do you think our Emperor and his relatives will abandon us? There were times in the past when our enemy unexpectedly suffered a plague. Now that we have been stuck here for almost a year, if we stir up any feelings of divisiveness, a mutiny might happen. We should continue to hold out and maintain our hopes that help will arrive soon."

Wen Qin became angry when Jiang Ban and Jiao Yi repeatedly urged Zhuge Dan to follow their plan. Zhuge Dan also became increasingly frustrated with Jiang Ban and Jiao Yi and wanted to execute them. The two of them feared for their lives and realised that Zhuge Dan was destined to fail, so in December 257 or January 258, they escaped from Shouchun and surrendered to Sima Zhao.

Sima Zhao later used a ploy to persuade Quan Yi (全懌) and Quan Duan (全端) to surrender. The Quans fell for the ruse and led a few thousand men with them out of Shouchun to defect to Sima Zhao's side. Their defection caused much fear and panic among Zhuge Dan's forces.

Attempting to break the siege

In February or March 258, Wen Qin told Zhuge Dan, "Jiang Ban and Jiao Yi left because we didn't follow their idea to attack the enemy. Quan Duan and Quan Yi have defected too. The enemy must have lowered their guard. Now is the time to attack them." Zhuge Dan agreed, so he, Wen Qin and Tang Zi led their troops out to attack and attempt to break out of the siege.

Their efforts proved futile because the Wei forces, due to having constructed walls and other defensive structures earlier, were in a more advantageous position over them. The Wei soldiers rained boulders and flaming arrows on Zhuge Dan's forces; thousands were wounded or killed, and the ground was soaked with blood. Unable to break the siege, Zhuge Dan and his forces retreated back to Shouchun, which had run out of food supplies by then. Thousands of Zhuge Dan's men came out of the city and surrendered to Sima Zhao.

Downfall and death

Earlier on, Wen Qin wanted Zhuge Dan to reduce food rations and send all his men to break the siege, while he and the troops from Eastern Wu would remain behind to guard Shouchun. Zhuge Dan strongly disapproved and quarrelled with Wen Qin over this. Although they initially cooperated, they became more suspicious and distrustful of each other as the situation in Shouchun became more desperate. Zhuge Dan eventually had Wen Qin executed.

Upon learning of their father's death at Zhuge Dan's hands, Wen Qin's sons Wen Yang and Wen Hu (文虎) attempted to flee from Shouchun. After failing to persuade their men to join them, they escaped on their own and surrendered to Sima Zhao. When an officer advised Sima Zhao to execute them, Sima Zhao said, "Wen Qin's crimes don't warrant death. Although his sons should be executed, they have surrendered to us. Besides, as the city has yet to be recaptured, executing them will only harden the rebels' resolve." He pardoned Wen Yang and Wen Hu, and ordered a few hundred riders to escort them on a tour around Shouchun and announce to the rebels in the city: "See? Wen Qin's sons have been spared. What's there to be afraid of?" Sima Zhao later appointed Wen Yang and Wen Hu as military officers and enfeoffed them as secondary marquises.

By then, most of Zhuge Dan's men had lost their will to fight after being trapped in the city for months without food. Zhuge Dan, Tang Zi and the remaining officers in Shouchun were also at their wits' end. Sima Zhao came to Shouchun and personally directed his forces to press on the siege and call for battle. The defenders did not respond. Zhuge Dan then attempted to break out of the siege with a few of his subordinates. Hu Fen (胡奮), a military officer under Sima Zhao, led his men to attack Zhuge Dan and killed him. Zhuge Dan's severed head was put on display and his family members were executed. Zhuge Dan had recruited a few hundred mercenaries as bodyguards. After his death, they were rounded up and each was offered the chance to surrender and be spared, but none accepted and all were executed. The loyalty of these bodyguards towards Zhuge Dan was comparable to the loyalty of the 500 retainers towards Tian Heng (田橫). Yu Quan (于詮), a Wu officer, said, "I have received orders from my lord to lead troops to help others. I failed in my mission and can't do anything to defeat the enemy. I won't stand for this." He then removed his body armour and charged towards the enemy and was killed. Tang Zi, Wang Zuo (王祚) and the other Wu officers surrendered to Sima Zhao. The weapons and equipment captured from the Wu forces formed huge piles like hills.

Family

Zhuge Dan had at least one son and two daughters.

One of Zhuge Dan's daughters married Wang Guang (王廣), Wang Ling's son. On her wedding night, Wang Ling told her, "You resemble Gongxiu (Zhuge Dan) so much in your facial expressions!" She replied, "You can't be like Yanyun (Wang Ling), so you compare your wife to a hero!" She was most likely executed along with the rest of the Wang family after Wang Ling's downfall.

Zhuge Dan's other daughter married Sima Zhou, Sima Yi's sixth son, who became a prince during the Jin dynasty. She was then known as "Grand Consort Zhuge" (諸葛太妃). She bore Sima Zhou four sons: Sima Jin (司馬覲), Sima Yao (司馬繇), Sima Cui (司馬漼) and Sima Dan (司馬澹). Sima Jin's son Sima Rui became the founding emperor of the Eastern Jin dynasty (317-420), and Zhuge Dan is related to each of the emperors of the Eastern Jin.

Zhuge Dan's son, Zhuge Jing, was sent as a hostage to Eastern Wu in 257 in return for support from Wu forces for his father's rebellion. He remained in Wu and served as Minister of War (大司馬). In 280, after the Jin dynasty conquered Wu, Zhuge Jing went into hiding in the home of his sister (the one who married Sima Zhou). The Jin emperor Sima Yan (Emperor Wu) considered Zhuge Jing his relative (Sima Zhou was an uncle of Emperor Wu) and knew that Zhuge Jing was hiding in his sister's home, so he paid them a visit. When Zhuge Jing heard that the emperor had come to visit him, he hid in the latrine and refused to come out. The emperor insisted on seeing him and said, "Today, we finally meet each other again." Zhuge Jing replied tearfully, "I regret not being able to cover my body in paint and remove the skin from my face before I meet Your Majesty again!" Emperor Wu appointed him as a Palace Attendant (侍中), but he refused to accept, returned to his hometown and lived the rest of his life as a commoner. Zhuge Jing had two sons: Zhuge Yi (諸葛頤) and Zhuge Hui (諸葛恢). Zhuge Yi served as Minister of Ceremonies (太常) during the Jin dynasty and was favoured by Emperor Yuan. Zhuge Hui served as Prefect of the Masters of Writing (尚書令), and had his own biography in the Book of Jin (volume 77).

In popular culture

Zhuge Dan is first introduced as a playable character in the seventh installment of Koei's Dynasty Warriors video game series.

生平

浮華一生

諸葛誕曾任尚書郎、滎陽縣令、吏部郎、御史中丞尚書等職，並與散騎侍郎夏侯玄等人交好。後因魏明帝曹叡厭惡夏侯玄和諸葛誕等人沽名釣譽、追求浮華而免去兩人官職。明帝死後，曹芳繼位，並由大將軍曹爽輔政專權，曹爽任用夏侯玄等人，復職諸葛誕，並出任揚州刺史，加昭武將軍。

王凌之亂

嘉平元年（249年），太傅司馬懿發動高平陵之變，誅殺曹爽。

嘉平三年（251年），太尉王淩計劃起兵推翻司馬懿，並另立曹彪為帝；事情被兗州刺史黃華揭發後，司馬懿領兵鎮壓，並任命諸葛誕為鎮東將軍，假節都督揚州諸軍事，封山陽亭侯。

東興之戰

嘉平四年（252年），諸葛誕判斷東吳新築東興大隄、修築兩城並留兵戍守，認為是即將入侵魏國的行為，於是提議分兵三路攻吳：由王昶進逼江陵、毌丘儉進攻武昌，以牽制上游吳軍；再以精兵直攻東興二城。當時王昶、毌丘儉及胡遵都獻計伐吳，因諸將的戰略皆不同，司馬師最終決定由征南將軍王昶進攻南郡；鎮南將軍毌丘儉進攻武昌；鎮東將軍諸葛誕、征東將軍胡遵率軍七萬進攻東興，作浮橋渡水，攻打兩城。但由於城池位處高處，一時無法攻下，東吳太傅諸葛恪得知東興告急，親率四萬軍日夜兼程馳援東興。

當時天降大雪，胡遵等人正在聚會飲酒，魏軍輕於戒備，留贊率部輕裝突襲魏軍前部營壘，呂據和丁奉等部也相繼趕到。魏軍驚恐潰逃、爭渡浮橋，橋因超載而斷，落水及自相踐踏而死者達數萬人，魏軍前部督韓綜和樂安太守桓嘉先後溺死。毌丘儉、王昶等以東興兵敗，燒營退走，此役為諸葛恪所擊敗。東興之敗後，司馬師將所有責任歸咎于自己，並說：「我不聽公休，以至於此。此我過也，諸將何罪？」最後，司馬昭因為是監軍所以被降職，諸葛誕和毌丘儉等將都被降職，但只不過是防區對調，從鎮東將軍轉為鎮南將軍罷了。

毌丘儉文欽之亂

正元二年，毌丘儉與文欽在壽春叛亂，並派使者聯絡諸葛誕，要他招引豫州士民。諸葛誕斬殺其使者，並向全國宣佈二人叛亂。司馬師討伐毌丘儉時，諸葛誕亦率兵前往壽春。及後文欽兵敗，毌丘儉棄守逃亡，諸葛誕率先率兵進佔叛軍的據點壽春，穩定戰局。諸葛誕因為長期在淮南駐守，於是被任命為鎮東大將軍，儀同三司，都督揚州。此時東吳丞相孫峻率領呂據和留贊支援毌丘儉，知道毌丘儉和文欽兵敗和壽春被佔後撤退，諸葛誕於是派部將蔣班追擊東吳軍，斬殺留贊。戰後諸葛誕獲封高平侯，邑三千五百戶，轉任征東大將軍。

諸葛誕之亂

諸葛誕見好友鄧颺、夏侯玄等先後被誅殺，而王淩和毌丘儉亦被夷滅三族，心中十分不安，於是在當地收買人心，又蓄養數千死士自保。甘露元年（256年），諸葛誕以東吳有意進攻為由，向朝廷要求增兵十萬和沿淮河築城抵禦。同時，賈充從壽春回來，知道諸葛誕不會支持司馬氏，而且諸葛誕很得淮南民心；為免司馬氏奪權時諸葛誕領兵反抗，建議司馬昭徵召他入朝，儘管認定他必定不會應命，但此舉對司馬氏的影響程度相對較低，司馬昭聽從。

甘露二年（257年），下詔升諸葛誕為司空，並入朝任職。諸葛誕接得詔命後十分害怕，於是發動叛變，徵集淮南將士和一年糧食據守壽春，又殺揚州刺史樂綝，派長史吳綱領兒子諸葛靚和牙門子弟到東吳請求援兵。曹髦親征至項縣，司馬昭則率軍征伐諸葛誕，並派王基與安東將軍陳騫領兵圍困壽春；同時東吳對此大喜，以諸葛誕為左都護、假節、大司徒、驃騎將軍、青州牧、壽春侯，並派文欽與全懌、全端、唐咨和王祚等領兵救援。諸葛誕因已經聯吳，無需再防禦魏吳邊境的合肥要塞而將其守軍撤走，故吳軍可以暢通無阻地通過合肥，並趁王基包圍圈未完成而領兵進入壽春城。諸葛誕也一度擊敗司馬昭的弟弟東中郎將廣陽鄉侯司馬亮，導致其免官。但隨著外圍由東吳方面朱異率領的援兵兩度被石苞和胡烈等擊退，孫綝以軍法為由處決朱異並退回建業，而壽春則被重重包圍，文欽等多次試圖突圍亦失敗。

在司馬昭圍困壽春的時候，諸葛誕就哈哈大笑。因為壽春一帶每年都會下大雨，一下雨淮河就要漲水，一直淹到壽春城下。所以諸葛誕看見司馬昭在城下紮營非常高興，他說：「是固不攻而自敗也。」可讓他沒想到的是，自從司馬昭紮營開始，就一滴雨都沒下，是少有的大旱。等到城破，魏軍進入壽春，當天就下了一場暴雨，把城外魏軍的大營都給淹了。蔣班和焦彞於是勸諸葛誕不要再等東吳援兵，率全軍攻向一方突圍，但諸葛誕不聽，更意圖要斬殺二人，於是二人出城投降。不久，司馬昭聽從鍾會的計謀，令全懌和全端等人率數千兵出降，壽春守軍因而震驚恐懼。

兵敗死節

次年正月，城中糧食漸漸枯竭，諸葛誕、文欽和唐咨於是拼命突圍，但傷亡慘重，被逼撤回城內。諸葛誕更因為與文欽以往的嫌隙，以及不苟同文欽建議盡釋北方人以節省糧食的分歧，進而殺死文欽，令其子文鴦和文虎向曹魏投降。司馬昭納降二人，更封為關內侯，並以二人降後的待遇瓦解壽春軍民反抗之心，最終於二月成功攻克壽春，諸葛誕率領數騎逃出壽春，被大將軍司馬胡奮手下士兵殺死並誅滅三族。諸葛誕麾下親兵數百人被俘，堅決不降，更說：「為諸葛公死，不恨。」行刑時排成一列，每斬殺一人便招降下一人，直到最後始終無人投降。

孫綝原本命弟弟孫恩代替朱異援救諸葛誕，但在孫恩得知諸葛誕已經敗亡，便引兵返回。

軼事

諸葛誕擔任尚書郎時期，與尚書僕射杜畿為魏文帝曹丕製作樓船，兩人在陶河試航時遇上大風沉沒，當時虎賁以小船拯救諸葛誕，諸葛誕呼籲虎賁先去救杜畿。之後杜畿淹死；反而諸葛誕昏去，飄至海岸後甦醒。

家屬

祖先

• 諸葛豐，西漢時官員，官至司隸校尉，以剛直著稱。

堂兄弟

• 諸葛瑾，為東吳大臣，官至大將軍。

• 諸葛亮，為蜀漢丞相，歷史著名政治家。

• 諸葛均，為蜀漢官吏，官至長水校尉。

子

• 諸葛靚，字仲思，於曹魏任職，諸葛誕叛亂時，被送至東吳當人質。

• 諸葛氏，諸葛誕長女，嫁與琅琊武王司馬伷，生琅琊恭王司馬覲、武陵王司馬澹、東安王司馬繇。西晉301—304年間卒。

• 諸葛氏，諸葛誕次女，嫁與太尉王凌之子王廣，後因王凌受罪牽連，與丈夫同被誅殺。時人稱其不改諸葛家風。

孫

• 諸葛頤，字道回，諸葛靚長子，弱冠知名，官至太常。

• 諸葛恢，字道明，諸葛靚次子，在東晉官至尚書令，死後追贈左光祿大夫開府。

評價

• 《三國志》評曰：「王淩風節格尚，毌丘儉才識拔幹，諸葛誕嚴毅威重，鍾會精練策數，咸以顯名，致茲榮任，而皆心大志迂，不慮禍難，變如發機，宗族塗地，豈不謬惑邪!」

• 《世語》：「是時，當世俊士散騎常侍夏侯玄、尚書諸葛誕、鄧颺之徒，共相題表，以玄、疇四人為四聰，誕、備八人為八達，中書監劉放子熙、孫資子密、吏部尚書衛臻子烈三人，咸不及比，以父居勢位，容之為三豫，凡十五人。帝以構長浮華，皆免官廢錮。」

• 《魏書》：誕賞賜過度。有犯死者，虧制以活之。

• 幹寶《晉紀》：時人比之田橫。

• 《世說新語》：「諸葛瑾弟亮，及從弟誕，並有盛名，各在一國。於時以為『蜀得其龍，吳得其虎，魏得其狗』。誕在魏與夏侯玄齊名；瑾在吳，吳朝服其弘量。」（余嘉錫《箋疏》曰：狗意指「功狗」，意指有功的戰將，諸葛誕在魏與夏侯玄齊名，狗意並不是諷刺或是認為諸葛誕不如兩位堂兄。）

• 《欽定勝朝殉節諸臣錄》：鄭樵謂晉史黨晉而不有魏，凡忠于魏者，目為叛臣，王凌、諸葛誕、毌丘儉之徒，抱屈黃壤。

• 《三國演義》載詩贊曰：「忠臣矢志不偷生，諸葛公休帳下兵，《薤露》歌聲應未斷，遺蹤直欲繼田橫！」

• 柳成龍：「孔明兄弟分事三國，時人以為漢得龍、吳得虎、魏得狗，譏誕無成。然觀誕之為人，亦過人遠，當司馬氏專國，毋丘儉、王陵等相繼族滅，魏之諸臣俛首奔走，不敢出一氣，誕獨慷慨，不顧滅門夷族之禍，舉義討賊，事雖無成，其義可嘉。況誕旣死，其從者數百人，拱手就列不降，每斬一人，降其次者，終不從，以至於盡。田橫以後，僅見此人，其忠義之節，素結於人心者如此，是豈尋常人所能及乎。然則以誕為狗者，必當時附司馬氏者為之，不足為定論也。然誕未免有失，智者作事，不先期而敗事，不後時而失幾。誕旣有討賊之心，則當與毋丘儉同起，時司馬師病篤，二人合力，事或可成。乃撫幾不發，儉已死，昭勢益盛，然後欲孤起建事，其敗也宜矣。」（『西厓集』 別集，卷4，雜著，諸葛誕）

• 成海應：「諸葛誕在廣陵為魏起兵，雖敗死，不徒食人之祿，可謂忠貞之士也。然司馬氏之潛謀魏室，自懿而始，非徒昭也。苟欲為魏而效忠，何不如王凌之圖魏。而迨毋邱儉之稱兵也，又斬其使也，計其舉衆者自危故也，非專為魏室也。然當昭專政，魏朝之人，皆傾身事之，獨公休能為魏室倡，而亦能以身殉之，故麾下數百人，坐不降見斬，皆曰為諸葛公死不恨，亦感其義也。」（『硏經齋全集續集』10冊，史論，諸葛誕）

• 盧弼：當時勤王諸將，惟文欽父子，粗猛武夫，反覆無常，彥雲、仲恭皆為儒將，懋著功勳，事之成否，豈可概論？公休謀定後動，子上至督中外諸軍二十六萬眾臨淮討之，傾全國之力，挾兩宮以行，用兵十月之久，侭乃克之。公休力竭智窮，而麾下壯士數百人拱手為列，無一降者，田橫得士，何以加茲！此皆魏之忠臣義士，承祚合為一傳，有微旨焉。君子平情論事，不能以成敗相繩，不佞考訂事實，不為空論，偶因姜氏之說，特發其凡于此。

• 郝經：王凌之欲廢僣孽，立宗子，澄汰王室，大臣之節也。議者謂凌于齊王君臣分定，並儉誕等為淮南三叛。此晉之臣子尊晉之志也，凌欲廢而誅之，師遂廢之，昭又殺之而無為誅之。則淩知所廢而非叛也，儉誕繼起聲罪致討。聞雒中禪代之語，投袂致死，有古義士之風。夫豈叛乎哉？誕之得士，至麾下數百人拱手待斬以盡，不為司馬氏屈，義烈挺然，未之前聞也。

藝術形象

遊戲

• 真三國無雙系列/無雙OROCHI系列（光榮公司開發，桐本琢也配音）

三國演義

《三國演義》話說諸葛誕忠于曹魏，於壽春起兵討伐司馬昭，兵敗被殺。