Biography

Đồng Khánh was born on 19 February 1864 in the Imperial City of Huế. His childhood name was Chánh Mông because he was brought up in Chánh Mông palace. Đồng Khánh was the eldest son of Prince Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Cai, a son of emperor Thiệu Trị, and his concubine Bùi Thị Thanh.

As his uncle, Emperor Tự Đức, had no children, Đồng Khánh was adopted and given the title Kiên Giang quận công (Duke of Kiên Giang).

Rule

After the French armies captured the city of Huế and the Imperial city fell to the French, the court regents Nguyễn Văn Tường and Tôn Thất Thuyết took the young Emperor Hàm Nghi and escaped from the Purple Forbidden City of Huế, and took him to Tân Sở in the mountains as the figurehead of a revolutionary movement against the French. To take away the legitimacy of Hàm Nghi, general de Courcy and résident de Champeaux of France asked the empress dowager Nghi Thiên to enthrone Hàm Nghi's elder half brother prince Nguyễn Phúc Ưng Kỷ. On 19 September 1885 with the backing of the governor of Annam, Prince Nguyễn Phúc Ưng Kỷ was crowned as the ninth emperor of Đại Nam with the era name of Đồng Khánh.

File:Kt-hue-7.jpg|Welcome ceremony of French diplomats by Emperor Đồng Khánh at Thái Hòa throne hall (太和殿), 1886

Đồng Khánh was pro-French, which was noted in the diary of Trần Trọng Kim:

Death

On 28 January 1889, Đồng Khánh died

aged 24 after reigning for three years. He was granted the posthumous name Hoằng Liệt Thông Thiết Mẫn Huệ Thuần Hoàng Đế (弘烈聰哲敏惠純皇帝), with the temple name Cảnh Tông (景宗).

File:Mausoleum of Emperor Dong Khanh (Hue) - Lăng Đồng Khánh (2024 July) - img 20.jpg|Main gate to mausoleum of Đồng Khánh .

File:Mausoleum of Emperor Dong Khanh (Hue) - Lăng Đồng Khánh (2024 July) - img 06.jpg|Main temple of mausoleum, Ngưng Hy Điện(凝禧殿)

File:Tomb of DongKhanh4.JPG| Stele house in mausoleum of Đồng Khánh

File:Tomb of DongKhanh6.JPG| Statues of mandarins and elephants

In 1916, his son the Emperor Khải Định granted him the name Phối Thiên Minh Vận Hiếu Đức Nhân Vũ Vĩ Công Hoằng Liệt Thông Thiết Mẫn Huệ Thuần Hoàng Đế (配天明運孝德仁武偉功弘烈聰哲敏惠純皇帝). He was buried in Tư Lăng mausoleum (思陵), which is located at Dương Xuân Thượng village, Hương Thuỷ commune, Thừa Thiên Province.

Gallery

File:Dong Khanh.jpg|Posthumous portrait of Emperor Đồng Khánh.

File:DongKhanh.jpg|Emperor Đồng Khánh on his throne.

File:Hựu Thiên Thuần Hoàng Hậu.jpg|Empress consort Hựu Thiên, wife of Đồng Khánh

File:Phụ Thiên Thuần Hoàng hậu.jpg|Empress consort Phụ Thiên, wife of Đồng Khánh

生平

同慶帝原名阮福膺豉（），是阮福洪侅與裴氏清之子。由於伯父嗣德帝膝下無子，阮福膺豉遂與弟弟阮福膺登先後被嗣德帝收養。阮福膺豉以善妃阮氏錦為養母，被安排在正蒙學館讀書，時人稱之為正蒙堂（）。嗣德三十六年（1883年）正月，阮福膺豉被嗣德帝冊封為堅江郡公（）。

阮福膺豉是嗣德帝的第二養子，嗣德帝的其他兩位養子阮福膺禛（即育德帝）和阮福膺祜（即建福帝）先後繼承了皇位。不過他長期與皇位無緣，在1884年建福帝暴卒之後，群臣商議擁立阮福膺豉為嗣君。但由於膺豉年齒已長並且有主見，專權的阮文祥和尊室說害怕自己會失勢，便立膺豉的弟弟膺為君主，是為咸宜帝。九月，阮福膺豉因事降為堅鄉侯。

咸宜帝繼位後不久，阮朝朝廷與法國派駐的中圻欽使就謁見越南皇帝禮儀一事發生衝突，最後發展成由咸宜帝發起的勤王運動。勤王運動受到越南各地的響應，法軍攻陷順化，咸宜帝以及慈裕太后、莊懿太后、學妃被兵部尚書尊室說挾持到了廣治省，阮文祥則投靠了法國殖民政府。法國人讓壽春王阮福綿定為監國，兵權則由中圻欽使參哺（de Champeaux）所據，以阮有度、潘廷評、阮文祥同掌朝政，限阮文祥於兩個月之內平定起義，並召咸宜帝回都。但各地反法鬥爭日熾，且回都的要求也被咸宜帝拒絕。殖民政府便歸罪於阮文祥、戶部尚書范慎遹以及尊室說的生父尊室訂三人，將他們流放到了塔希提島。

殖民政府為了安撫民心，便派人前往慈裕太后避難的謙陵，商議立堅江郡公阮福膺豉為皇帝。這得到了慈裕太后同意。於是在同慶乙酉年八月初六日（1885年9月14日），阮朝群臣迎接阮福膺豉入宮，準備即位。他按照規定改名為阮福昪，而以原名「膺豉」和並未正式頒賜的帝系字部名「膺禟」（）作小字。八月十一日（9月19日），他先在中圻統使座接受法國殖民政府的任命，然後在順化皇城的太和殿正式登基，改年號為同慶。參哺遣阮仲合前去鎮壓文紳起義軍。

根據歷史學家陳仲金的說法，同慶帝性格謙和，喜愛裝飾。他試圖在越南施行改革，將現代化引入越南。不過各地的越南人都效忠於咸宜帝，起兵反抗法國的殖民統治，不承認同慶帝的帝位。中圻統使亨利·魯塞爾·德·庫西因管理不力被法國召回，以代之。另一方面，法軍攻佔廣平省、乂安省，對咸宜帝軍隊形成鉗形攻勢。咸宜帝逃入森林打遊擊戰。為了加強法國在印度支那的殖民統治，法國於1886年正式成立法屬印度支那政府，由讓·安托萬·歐內斯特·康斯坦斯擔任首任總督。為了穩定局勢，殖民政府派亨利·比萊（Henry Billet）大尉挾持同慶帝，前往廣平省，勸誘咸宜帝等人出來投降，但遭各地起義軍的拒絕，被迫返回順化。

為了讓咸宜帝投降，同慶帝恢復了黃繼炎東閣大學士的官職，加授右直畿安撫經略大使，前去勸誘，許諾若咸宜帝歸順，即封親王，加清化、乂安、河靜三省總鎮；其他歸降者官復原職，但皆遭拒絕。直到同慶三年（1888年），因咸宜帝親信阮定情、張光玉的叛變，才擒獲了咸宜帝。

同年十二月二十七日（1889年1月28日），同慶帝逝世，年僅二十五歲。因同慶帝獨子阮福寶嶹（即後來的啟定帝）年幼，中圻統使皮埃爾-保羅·雷納爾（Pierre Paul Rheinart）便立與法國親善的阮福寶嶙為帝，是為成泰帝。

同慶帝死後，廟號景宗（），諡弘烈聰哲敏惠純皇帝（），奉安於香水縣楊春上社，稱為思陵。但由於財政拮据，成泰帝無力為其修造完備的陵寢。啟定元年（1916年），啟定帝即位，他認為六字諡無法彰顯其父的功德，所以增諡十個美字，為配天明運孝德仁武偉功弘烈聰哲敏惠純皇帝（），廟號景宗。並開始修繕思陵，且撰寫思陵聖德神功碑。

評價

越南獨立運動和咸宜帝的支持者普遍認為其是傀儡和賣國賊，歷史學家潘越勇認為，阮福膺豉為了鞏固自己的地位，與法國殖民者合謀試圖迅速摧毀人民對抗侵略者和傀儡朝廷的愛國運動。

家庭

後宮

子女

同慶帝有六子三女。

腳註