Tu Long (屠隆; Wade-Giles: T'u Lung, 1542–1605), was a playwright and essayist who lived during the
Ming Dynasty. He was born in Yin county (now Yin county, in suburb of Ningbo city, Zhejiang).
In 1577, Tu Long obtained the degree of jinshi. He later became the Chief Magistrate of Qingpu (now Qingpu county, Shanghai). He lost his position as Secretary of the Ministry of Rites after launching licentious parties with boy prostitutes; after that, he concentrated on writing plays and essays.
Tu Long rejected the adherence to strict ancient format, he advocated that a writer must write from his heart.
He lived 62–63 years.
Read more...: Works
Works
• Drama: Tan Hua Ji, ("The Story of Udumbara")
• Drama: Cai Hau Ji, ("A Tale of Colorful Feather") about the Tang dynasty poet Li Bai 李白
• Poems: Bai Yu Ji, ("White Elm Collection")
He was a notable author of the xiaopin, a form of short literary essay.
Tu Long is best known internationally for his work on the art of living: Kao Pan Yu Shi, (考槃餘事, "Desultory Remarks on Furnishing the Abode of the Retired Scholar"), first published in 1606. Desultory Remarks has fifteen treatises:
1. Calligraphy and books
2. Rubbings
3. Paintings
4. Paper
5. Ink
6. Brushes
7. Inkstones
8. Qin ("zithers")
9. Incense
10. Tea
11. Potted plants
12. Fish and birds
13. Mountain studio
14. Necessities of life and dress
15. Utensils of the studio
The art historian Craig Clunas suggests that the Desultory Remarks is essentially a compendium, gathered from other existing sources, such as Gao Lian's Eight Treatises on the Nurturing of Life, (for which Tu Long wrote a preface). Whether or not this is the case, Tu Long's discourses certainly had greater immediate recognition and influence; they were much more widely cited in later collections, and were a primary source for Wen Zhenheng's Treatise of Superfluous Things.
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屠隆(1543年7月26日 - 1605年),原名
儱,字
長卿,一字
緯真,號
赤水,別號
由拳山人、
鴻苞居士、
桃花客卿、
溟涬子,浙江寧波府鄞縣人,
明朝政治人物、文學家、戲曲家,同進士出身。
Read more...: 生平 著作 家族 注釋 延伸閱讀
生平
屠隆的家族世居鄞縣桃花渡。其曾祖屠子良、祖父屠璞、父親屠濬並不富裕,三代布衣。父親依靠漁業以及商賈為生。屠隆為其父六子中最幼者。屠隆幼年時即受到張時徹、屠大山、范欽的賞識。萬曆元年(1573)屠隆創作了《冥海波恬賦》,受到劉翾讚賞。二十歲時,屠隆在開化開館授徒謀生。
萬曆四年(1576)中丙子科浙江鄉試第九名舉人,次年聯捷丁丑科進士,任潁上、青浦知縣。中進士當年,屠隆為瞿九思冤案鳴不平,作《為瞿睿夫訟冤書》,成功使瞿九思獲釋回鄉。在潁上縣時,屠隆修築了潁上東門河堤,解決了潁上的水患問題。萬曆六年底,屠隆赴任青浦。當時的青浦屬于割上海、華亭兩縣而成的新設建制,非常貧困。屠隆在任上盡力治理,離開青浦時,當地士民數百人尾隨送別至太倉州。
萬曆十年(1582),屠隆上京大計(考核績效)。萬曆十一年(1583)改任禮部儀制司主事、郎中等官職。萬曆十二年十月,和西寧侯宋世恩「宴遊甚歡」,被刑部主事俞顯卿彈劾。屠俞二人雙雙罷官回鄉。屠隆罷官一事,先是萬曆十二年夏,宋世恩來到京城,因愛好文藝,極力想要結交屠隆。屠隆見熱情難卻,便與宋世恩兄弟相稱。九月,宋世恩與屠隆等人宴會,席間聲稱,既然他與屠隆是兄弟,也要讓自己的妻子去屠隆家拜見老夫人和嫂夫人,表示兩家為通家,交情甚好。而此時的刑部主事俞顯卿是青浦鄉紳,曾經試圖巴結青浦知縣屠隆,但屠隆卻不理會他。俞顯卿因此十分銜恨屠隆,身為刑部主事的他便將宋世恩的話添油加醋,往「淫穢」上引,暗示屠隆與宋世恩夫人有染。萬曆帝看了書奏後下令徹查,經查並無俞氏所說事情,俞顯卿便因誣告罷官了。而屠隆也因「詩酒放浪」之過罷官。此事件中,背後操縱者為徐階。屠隆在青浦任上由于沒有接受徐階的籠絡,聲稱「黃髮大老,某敢不事之,惟謹第為明天子守三尺法,以牧此中黔首,寧能廢公義而媚私門,結納之言,不敢聞命。」遭到徐階忌恨。屠隆在京時,徐階花費千金使人日夜偵查他的動向,以便落井下石。屠隆的仕途因此事件而告終。
罷官後,屠隆應汪道昆之邀,前往新安(歙縣)加入白榆社,又在杭州參與南屏詩社。屠隆與湯顯祖情誼深厚,萬曆二十三年(1595),屠隆在春秋兩季兩次去遂昌拜訪了時任遂昌知縣的湯顯祖。期間他們共同研討了文藝創作,遊山玩水。萬曆二十四年(1596),屠隆創作了《曇花記》《彩毫記》《修文記》傳奇三部。萬曆三十三年(1605)屠隆卒,年六十三。
著作
屠隆是個怪才,好遊歷,有博學之名,尤其精通曲藝。《明史》載其「落筆數千言立就」,「詩文率不經意,一揮數紙。嘗戲命兩人對案拈二題,各賦百韻,咄嗟之間二章並就,又與人對弈,口誦詩文,命人書之,書不逮誦也」。
屠隆不但寫戲編戲,還演戲,其家中便自辦有戲班,還掏錢聘請名角。其戲曲主張「針線連絡,血脈貫通」,「不用隱僻學問,艱深字眼」,他甚至編導過整齣戲無曲,賓白演出始終(話劇的雛形),廣受歡迎。
著有《冥寥子》二卷、《鴻苞》四十八卷、《曇花記》、《修文記》、《彩毫記》、《鴻苞集》、《白榆集》、《由拳集》、《娑羅館清言》、《考槃餘事》、《茶說》等。
家族
曾祖屠子良;祖父屠璞;父屠濬。母趙氏。慈侍下。兄屠佃、屠侯、屠俅、屠俛、屠仍。長子屠金樞,次子屠玉衡,女屠瑤瑟,嫁黃振古。孫屠鴻寶、屠鳳覽、屠麟禎。
注釋
延伸閱讀
The text above has been excerpted automatically from Wikipedia - please correct any errors in the
original article.