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-> 圓明園

圓明園[View] [Edit] [History]
ctext:484511

RelationTargetTextual basis
typeplace
name圓明園
authority-wikidataQ907894
link-wikipedia_zh圆明园
link-wikipedia_enOld_Summer_Palace
___location116.2994454,40.0070425
The Old Summer Palace, also known as Yuanmingyuan (圓明園 Yuánmíng Yuán, literally Gardens of Perfect Brightness) or Yuanmingyuan Park, originally called the Imperial Gardens (御園 Yù Yuán), and sometimes called the Winter Palace, was a complex of palaces and gardens in present-day Haidian District, Beijing, China. It is north-west of the walls of the former Imperial City section of Beijing. Widely perceived as the pinnacle work of Chinese imperial garden and palace design, the Old Summer Palace was known for its extensive collection of gardens, its building architecture and numerous art and historical treasures. Constructed throughout the 18th and early 19th centuries, the Old Summer Palace was the main imperial residence of the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty and his successors, and where they handled state affairs; the Forbidden City was used for formal ceremonies. The Garden was reputed as the "Garden of Gardens" (萬園之園 wàn yuán zhī yuán) in its heyday was "arguably the greatest concentration of historic treasures in the world, dating and representing a full 5,000 years of an ancient civilization", according to Robert McGee, chaplain to the British forces.

During the Second Opium War, French and British troops captured the palace on 6 October 1860, looting and destroying the imperial collections over the next few days. As news emerged that an Anglo-French delegation had been imprisoned by the Qing government, with 19 delegation members being sentenced to death, the 8th Earl of Elgin, the British High Commissioner to China, retaliated by ordering the complete destruction of the palace on 18 October, which was then carried out by troops under his command. The palace was so large – covering more than – that it took 4,000 men three days to destroy it. Many exquisite artworks – sculptures, porcelain, jade, silk robes, elaborate textiles, gold objects and more – were looted and, according to UNESCO, are now located in 47 museums around the world.

Read more...: Overview   Location   Western mansions   History   Destruction   Aftermath   Recent developments and plans   Transport   Gallery  

The text above has been excerpted automatically from Wikipedia - please correct any errors in the original article.
圓明園清朝興建的大型皇家園林,康熙帝賜此園予皇四子胤禛(法號圓明居士),並提匾「圓明」。供清帝盛夏避暑、聽政,處理軍政事務,位于現今中華人民共和國北京市海澱區。與長春園,綺春園合稱為「圓明三園」,占地面積3.5平方公里,建築面積達16萬平方公尺,約合5,200畝一百五十餘景,有「萬園之園」之稱。

圓明園規模宏偉,運用了各式園林風格及造園技巧,其詩畫意境被大多數中國園林學家認為是中國園林藝術的頂峰作品,是中國古典園林平地造園、堆山理水集大成的典範。清朝時一些外國傳教士參觀圓明園後將其稱作「萬園之園」。

1860年,圓明園在第二次鴉片戰爭中被洗劫破壞後放火焚毀。歷經戰亂劫掠,現時僅存遺址。1976年成立圓明園管理處後開始實施保護與利用,1979年將其列入為文物保護單位,於1988年,圓明園遺址被中華人民共和國國務院公布為第三批全國重點文物保護單位之一。圓明園遺址中部和東部成立了圓明園遺址公園。2008年7月29日,圓明園管理局宣布,開放九州景區。

圓明園在清室150餘年的創建和經營下,曾以其宏大的地域規模、傑出的營造技藝、精美的建築景群、豐富的文化收藏和博大精深的民族文化內涵而享譽于世,被譽為「一切造園藝術的典範」,被法國作家維克多·雨果稱譽為「理想與藝術的典範」。道光朝時,國事日衰,財力不足,但寧撤萬壽、香山、玉泉「三山」的陳設,

Read more...: 歷史   營建   英法聯軍之役的破壞   大清國末期與中華民國時期的破壞   中華人民共和國成立初期的破壞   當代的保護與修葺   園林特色   園林布局   圓明園   總體布局   圓明園四十景   長春園   總體布局   綺春園   總體布局   圓明園附屬園林   現存遺蹟   十二生肖獸首銅像   仿造   流行文化   對聯   影視作品  

The text above has been excerpted automatically from Wikipedia - please correct any errors in the original article.

SourceRelation
正大光明殿part-of

TextCount
清史稿25
曾文正公年譜1
御製詩初集4
清史紀事本末1
明善堂詩集4
清皇室四譜6
URI: https://data.ctext.org/entity/484511 [RDF]

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