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-> 南涼

南涼[View] [Edit] [History]
ctext:499308

RelationTargetTextual basis
typedynasty
name南涼default
authority-wikidataQ1330290
link-wikipedia_zh南凉
link-wikipedia_enSouthern_Liang_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)
The Southern Liang (南涼 Nán Liáng; 397–404, 408–414) was a dynastic state of China listed as one of the Sixteen Kingdoms in Chinese historiography. Members of the ruling Tufa clan were of Xianbei ethnicity and distant relatives of the Tuoba imperial house of the Northern Wei dynasty. According to the Book of Jin, the surname of the ruling house was changed from Tuoba to Tufa because one of the Tufa ancestors was born on a blanket, and in the Xianbei language, "Tufa" meant "blanket."

All rulers of the Southern Liang proclaimed themselves wang (king). The state was briefly discontinued in 404 after Tufa Rutan surrendered to the Later Qin, but restored in 408. As the state grew in power, the Tufa rulers also elevated their peerages before claiming the title of King of Liang in 402. It was hence only known as "Liang" (涼) from 402 to 404 and 408 to 414. They are given the prefix of "Southern" in historiography as they were based south of the other Liang states in northeastern Qinghai, although after occupying central Gansu, they briefly shifted the capital to the major city of Guzang (姑臧, in modern Wuwei, Gansu).

Read more...: History   Background   Founding   Decline and fall   Rulers of the Southern Liang   The family tree of Southern Liang rulers  

The text above has been excerpted automatically from Wikipedia - please correct any errors in the original article.
南涼(公元397年-414年)是東晉與五胡十六國時期由鮮卑貴族禿髮烏孤建立的政權。因其地處涼州以南,所以在《十六國春秋》中被叫做南涼。也因為其王室出自拓跋鮮卑,所以也有學者稱這個政權為拓跋涼。南涼共存在18年,歷經三代國王。

禿髮鮮卑部族原本是拓跋鮮卑的一支,後來可能是因為畜牧資源的爭奪而在拓跋匹孤的帶領下由塞北遷往河西,與漢、羌等民族共處。在前涼前秦攻滅之後,苻堅基本上統一了北方,他在鮮卑各部族所居住的河西之地設置了涼州,鎮姑臧。但因他過于樂觀地看待前秦的國內矛盾,最終導致了後來肥水之戰的失敗。385年十月,苻堅的原部將呂光奪取了姑臧並自任刺史、護羌校尉,于是包括禿髮鮮卑在內的各部落也就臣服于呂光的統治。然而次年,禿髮鮮卑就與前涼王室後裔聯手發動叛亂反對呂光,但最終被鎮壓。禿髮烏孤成為首領後,努力發展農業,並與其他部落和睦相處,使得禿髮部逐漸壯大。後在後涼的內亂中逐漸坐大,成為「武威王」。

禿髮烏孤去世後,弟弟禿髮利鹿孤繼位。他在位期間屢次在戰爭中戰勝混亂的後涼,逐漸成為河西地區最強的國家。同時,他在位期間,南涼開始大力吸收漢族文化,這使得鮮卑人開始逐漸漢化。生活方式開始由遊牧轉向定居。同時形成以鮮卑人為士兵,漢人為後勤勞動力的雙軌制社會。402年春天,利鹿孤病逝。

南涼最後一位國王是禿髮傉檀,他在位期間南涼的國力達到鼎盛,但南涼也在他統治期間滅亡。為獲得重鎮姑臧,他先向強大的後秦表示臣服,又通過騙取後秦國王姚興的信任,兵不血刃地占領了姑臧。但在占領姑臧後不到一年,南涼就由于內部矛盾的加劇和軍事上的不斷失利而開始衰落。最終于414年討伐居住在青海湖一帶的鮮卑部族時被複國後的的西秦偷襲都城而亡。

Read more...: 歷史   禿髮鮮卑的起源   後涼治下的禿髮鮮卑   禿髮烏孤建國   禿髮利鹿孤時期   禿髮傉檀時期   政治   官制   中央官職   軍事官職   地方官職   經濟與社會   漢族   鮮卑族   疆域   遺蹟   君主   君主頭銜   君主列表   世系圖  

The text above has been excerpted automatically from Wikipedia - please correct any errors in the original article.

SourceRelationfrom-dateto-date
南涼烈祖ruled397/2/13太初元年正月己亥400/2/10太初三年十二月辛亥
南涼康王ruled400/2/11建和元年正月壬子402/5/17建和三年三月戊戌
南涼景公ruled402/4/18弘昌元年三月己巳414/8/31嘉平七年七月丁亥

TextCount
五代會要1
晉書1
十六國春秋2
URI: https://data.ctext.org/entity/499308 [RDF]

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