Accession to the throne

Duke Xian succeeded his grandfather Duke Wen of Qin, who ruled for 50 years and died in 716 BC. Duke Xian was made the crown prince after his father predeceased Duke Wen in 718 BC. His father was given the posthumous title Duke Jing of Qin (秦竫公) although he never ascended the throne.

Reign

In 714 BC, the second year of Duke Xian's reign, the Qin capital was moved to Pingyang (平陽, in present-day Baoji, Shaanxi). The next year Qin defeated the Rong state of Bo (亳), whose king escaped to the Rong homeland.

In autumn 708 BC Qin attacked the minor state of Rui, but was defeated. Qin returned in winter with the army of King Huan of Zhou, defeated Rui, and captured Wan, Count of Rui.

Succession

In 704 BC Qin annexed Bo. Duke Xian died in the same year, aged 21. He had three young sons: the eldest, later known as Duke Wu of Qin, was the crown prince. The second son, later known as Duke De of Qin, was born to the same mother, Lu Ji (鲁姬). However, the ministers Fuji and Sanfu deposed the crown prince and installed the youngest son, by Duke Xian's other wife Wang Ji (王姬), on the throne. The boy was only five years old and would become known as Chuzi.

生平

前718年，秦文公之子秦靜公去世，其孫秦憲公被立為太子。

前716年，秦文公去世，秦憲公繼位。

前714年，將秦國國都由汧渭之會（今陝西省眉縣附近）遷至平陽（今陝西省岐山縣西南）。同年，秦憲公派軍隊征伐亳戎的都邑蕩社（一說在陝西省西安市長安區東南，一說在陝西省三原縣、興平市一代）。

前713年，與亳戎交戰，亳王戰敗，逃往西戎。同年，秦憲公發兵攻滅蕩社。

前710年，次子秦德公出生。

前709年，芮伯萬的母親芮姜厭惡芮伯的寵姬太多，將他趕走，讓他居住在魏城（今山西省芮城縣北）。

前708年，少子秦出子出生。同年秋，秦國攻打芮國，由于輕視敵軍而戰敗。冬，周桓王和秦國的軍隊一起包圍魏城，俘虜了芮伯萬。

前704年，攻滅蕩氏。同年，秦憲公去世。

墓葬

秦憲公葬于秦陵山（又稱西山大麓，今陝西省寶雞市陳倉區西北）

家族

妻妾

• 魯姬子

• 王姬，周王室女，見《秦子姬簋蓋》。

兒子

秦憲公有三個兒子：

• 長子秦武公，魯姬子所生

• 次子秦德公，魯姬子所生，一說王姬生秦武公、秦德公，魯姬子是媵，生秦出子。

• 少子秦出子，王姬所生。秦憲公去世後，大庶長弗忌、威壘和三父廢太子秦武公，改立少子秦出子繼位。

注釋