Youth

Sun Deng was the eldest son of Sun Quan, the founding emperor of Wu. He was born to a low-status mother and raised from childhood by Lady Xu, the second wife of Sun Quan.

When Cao Pi, emperor of the state of Cao Wei, appointed Sun Quan the King of Wu in 221, he enfeoffed Sun Deng as a marquis with a fief of ten thousand households, and offered him the position of East General of the Household (東中郎將). However, Sun Deng refused the title and position, claiming that he was ill. In the same year, Sun Quan designated Sun Deng as the Crown Prince. When Cao Pi demanded that Sun Quan send Sun Deng to the Wei capital Luoyang as a hostage, to guarantee his loyalty, Sun Quan refused and declared independence.

Life and death

It is recorded that Sun Deng was both wise and virtuous, having all the makings of a great man. Sun Quan ordered Zhuge Ke, Gu Tan, Zhang Xiu, Chen Biao and others to serve as the Crown Prince's attendants and personal staff. Sun Deng treated his staff kindly. For instance, he allowed others to ride with him and sleep close to him. The Crown Prince's palace was considered to have the largest number of outstanding people in China.

Sun Deng showed his filial piety to both his father and adoptive mother, even through Lady Xu was divorced from Sun Quan in 212. Aged 20, Sun Deng studied the Book of Han under his father's order. When Sun Quan declared himself emperor in 229 and later moved his capital from Wuchang (武昌; in present-day Ezhou, Hubei) to Jianye, Sun Deng and his younger brothers were left in Wuchang. Sun Deng was in charge of the western parts of Eastern Wu with the help of Lu Xun and Shi Yi until his brother Sun Lü died in 232. He then travelled to Jianye to accompany his father and lived there since then.

In 234, Sun Quan personally led a major attack against Wei's border city Hefei. He let Sun Deng remain in the rear. At that time, Sun Deng made some laws to prevent crime, which achieved successful results. However, Sun Deng never succeeded his father, dying from illness aged 33 (by East Asian reckoning). Before he died he wrote a letter to inspire his father and recommend talented individuals. Sun Deng was buried in Jurong, Jiangsu initially, then moved to the Jiang Mausoleum at the Purple Mountain in Jiangsu. He was posthumously honoured as "Crown Prince Xuan".

Personal life

In 225, on the arrangement of Sun Quan, Sun Deng married Zhou Che, Zhou Yu's daughter. She thus carried the title of Crown Princess. Sun Deng also had another concubine with the title of shuyuan who was Rui Xuan's (芮玄) daughter. Sun Deng had three children: Sun Fan, Sun Ying (孫英), and Sun Xi. The mother's identity of each is unknown. Both Sun Fan and Sun Xi died at their early age. Thus Sun Ying was enfeoffed as the Marquis of Wu when he grew up. However, Sun Ying was eventually executed because he was accused of attempting to assassinate Sun Jun, the regent who served under the second Wu emperor Sun Liang.

生平

魏文帝黃初二年（221年），封孫權為吳王。並且拜孫登為東中郎將，封萬戶侯，孫權以孫登年幼辭去爵位不受。同年，孫權立孫登為太子，並為孫登選置師傅，選取優秀的士人作為他的賓友，由此諸葛恪、張休、顧譚、陳表等人被選為孫登的侍講詩書以及伴隨騎射。

孫權希望孫登讀《漢書》以知道近代的事，認為張昭可以為師，多次邀請他，並下令張休聽父親張昭講授，再回宮轉授孫登。孫登接待他的屬官時，大致使用平民的方式，例如和諸葛恪、張休、顧譚等一同坐車，或者睡在一起。太傅張溫認為中庶子在職務上要和太子有著許多接觸，因此應該任用有傑出才能的人擔任，孫權聽後就任用陳表等人為中庶子，後來又命令中庶子與太子應該守回禮節，不能太隨便。

吳大帝黃龍元年（229年），孫權稱帝，立為孫登為皇太子，亦任用與其交流的名士；以驃騎將軍諸葛瑾之子諸葛恪為左輔都尉，輔吳將軍張昭之子張休為右弼都尉，丞相顧雍之孫顧譚為輔正都尉，虎臣偏將軍陳武之子陳表為翼正都尉，稱為「四友」。而謝景、范慎、刁玄、羊衜等皆為賓客，當時東宮號稱有最多的士人。

同年，孫權遷都建業。徵召上大將軍陸遜輔助孫登鎮守武昌，統領留在武昌的宮府事宜。

吳大帝嘉禾元年（232年），孫登之弟孫慮逝世，孫權感到悲傷，因而減少膳食。孫登趕來勸孫權不要過份悲傷，以免影響國家。孫權接納，增加了膳食。十多日後，孫權要送孫登回武昌，但孫登希望留在父親身邊，於是孫權打消念頭，讓孫登留他在身邊。嘉禾三年（234年），孫權攻打魏國佔領的合肥新城，命令孫登留守，管理後方的事務。當時農作物收成不好，盜賊增多，孫登於是制訂令法，用以對付盜賊，得到不錯的成果。

吳大帝赤烏四年（241年），孫登逝世，年僅三十三歲。臨終前，孫登上書給孫權，建議幾項讓國家安定和富強的方法，又推薦多位優秀的臣子，望孫權多加任用以讓國家進步。孫權於得悉孫登死後再看到這篇文章，更加悲傷，談到他都不禁傷心流涕。諡孫登曰宣太子。孫登之死為二宮之爭埋下伏筆。

性格

• 孫登很體恤百姓，例如孫登出外打獵時，本可走近道小路，他卻繞路遠避開農田，為的是不損傷農民的農作物；休息時又只選擇空地。另外有一次騎馬出外，有一粒彈丸飛過，隨從尋找誰發射，最終找到一個人帶有彈弓以及彈丸，大家都以為是他做的，但那人不認，隨從就想動手教訓他，孫登不允許。孫登又將那人手持的彈丸和射出來的彈丸比較一下，發現並不一樣，証明彈丸不是那人發射的，於是就放了他。又有一次，用來裝水的金馬盂不見了，孫登知道是身邊侍從做的，不忍心要送他們去處罰，只是責罵他們，遣送他們回家鄉，更命令親近的人不要說出去。

• 孫登很孝順重恩情。由於孫登是庶出的，生母不詳，徐夫人於是以養母身份撫養他，對他有恩。後來徐夫人因為嫉妒而廢，一直居住在吳郡。當時孫權寵愛步夫人，她賞賜給孫登的，孫登都只拜謝而不敢接受。而徐夫人所送的衣服都先沐浴再穿上，以表示對徐夫人的敬重。孫登獲立太子時辭讓稱立太子前要先立皇后，孫權反問孫登其母在哪，孫登卻回答在吳郡，暗指該立徐夫人為皇后，但孫權卻想以步夫人為皇后，最終都沒有答應。孫權打算把他送回武昌時，孫登亦為自己請求能夠留下來為父盡孝。

• 孫登喜愛人才樂聞善言。曾寫信給步騭，希望教誨。于是步騭把當時在荊州界內擔任重要職務的官員即諸葛瑾、陸遜、朱然、程普、潘濬、裴玄、夏侯承、衛旌、李肅、周條、石幹等十一人列出，對他們的品行才能進行逐一的介紹分析，且上疏希望孫登要信任和重用這些傑出人才。

評價

• 陳壽：「孫登居心所存，足為茂美之德。」

• 葉適：「孫登德兼于能，知人則哲，深達治要，臨歿一疏，不論三代以前、三代以後，世子藩王之賢，少有及者。」

家族

;曾祖父

• 孫鍾，孫堅父。

;祖父母

• 孫堅，祖父，孫權稱帝後追諡為武烈皇帝。

• 吳太夫人，祖母，孫權稱帝後追諡為武烈皇后。

;叔伯

• 孫策，大伯，東吳奠基者，孫權稱帝後追諡為長沙桓王。

• 孫翊，三叔，丹楊太守，性格驍悍果烈，有孫策之風。

• 孫匡，四叔，孫策讓出父親孫堅之烏程侯爵位給幼弟孫匡來承襲，早逝。

• 孫朗，五叔，因違反軍令燒毀自家軍用被呂範送回而被禁錮。

;姑媽

• 孫氏，嫁給曲阿人弘咨。

• 孫氏，嫁給陳氏。

;姑姐

• 孫夫人，嫁劉備，正史姓名不詳。三國演義中稱孫仁，戲曲《甘露寺》稱孫尚香。

;父親

• 孫權，東吳大皇帝，東吳開國君主。

;兄弟

• 孫慮，孫權次子，字子智，少敏惠有才藝，權器愛之。二十歲卒。無子。

• 孫和，孫權三子，字子孝，孫霸親兄，孫登病死後被立為太子。被廢後封為南陽王。被丞相孫峻賜死。兒子孫皓繼位於孫休, 追尊孫和為文皇帝。

• 孫霸，孫權四子，字子威，曾與兄長孫和發生二宮之爭。被孫權賜死。

• 孫奮，孫權五子，字子揚，封齊王。後被廢為庶人。太平三年又被封為章安侯。被孫皓誅殺。

• 孫休，孫權六子，字子烈，東吳景皇帝。原被封琅邪王，孫亮被廢黜後被立為帝。廿四歲繼位孫亮。三十歲英年早逝。

• 孫亮，孫權幼子，字子明，十歲繼位孫權，十六被丞相孫綝廢為會稽王。十八歲流放途中亡。

;姊妹

• 孫魯班，字大虎，孫權長女，先配周循，後配全琮。

• 孫氏（待考），孫權次女。劉纂妻，早卒。

• 孫魯育，字小虎，孫權三女，先配朱據，後配劉纂。

• 孫氏（待考），滕胤妻。

;妻

• 周妃，周瑜女。

• 芮妃，芮玄女。

;子

• 孫璠，早卒。

• 孫英，封吳侯。五鳳元年（254年），孫英因大將軍孫峻擅權，密謀誅殺他，事情被揭發後自殺，封國撤銷。

• 孫希，早卒。

• 《姓氏錄》稱身狹村主青為孫登後人，《新撰姓氏錄》認為牟佐氏是他後人。

動漫

• 漫畫《火鳳燎原》（陳某）、火鳳燎原外傳小說《伯符》（王貽興）:尚未登場，僅外傳小說中交代於孫登於狩獵期間神秘中箭身亡，使孫權的決策反覆混亂，而間接釀成二宮之爭。

附註

註釋