Life

Zhu Jun was from Shangyu County, Kuaiji Commandery, which is present-day Shangyu District, Shaoxing, Zhejiang. His father died when he was still young, so he was raised by his mother, who earned a living by selling fabrics. When he reached adulthood, he served as a scribe in the local county office. Zhu Jun gained a reputation for being very filial towards his mother. Despite this, when an acquaintance Zhou Gui (周规) was unable to repay his debts to the local authorities, Zhu Jun stole fabrics from his mother in order to help Zhou settle the debts. As a result, Zhu Jun's mother lost her property. Greatly angered, she then blamed Zhu Jun. Zhu Jun replied, "Small losses will result in great fortunes later. To be poor first before becoming rich is the natural order." Du Shang (度尚; 117-166), the Chief of Shangyu County, favoured him and recommended him to serve in the commandery office under Wei Yi (韋毅), the Administrator of Kuaiji Commandery. Zhu Jun later became a Registrar (主簿) when Yin Duan (尹端) replaced Wei Yi as the Administrator. In 173, Yin Duan was impeached for his failure in quelling Xu Chang's rebellion. Initially, Yin's punishment was to be executed. However, Zhu Jun made his way to the capital and bribed the relevant officials; as a result, Yin's punishment was reduced. Yin was overjoyed upon knowing of his reduced punishment, but Zhu Jun never revealed his involvement to Yin.

Yin Duan's successor, Xu Gui (徐珪), further nominated Zhu Jun as a xiaolian (civil service candidate), after which the Han central government appointed Zhu Jun as the Prefect (令) of Lanling County.

In February 178, when a rebellion broke out in Jiaozhi Commandery in the far south, the Han imperial court appointed Zhu Jun as the Inspector (刺史) of Jiao Province and ordered him to suppress the revolt. Zhu Jun managed to rally some soldiers from his home commandery and gather another 5,000 soldiers from other commanderies to join him in fighting the rebels. He successfully quelled the rebellion and killed the rebel leader Liang Long (梁龍) in Nanhai Commandery (南海郡). In 181, he attacked and defeated Wuhuman, another rebel leader in Hepu (合浦) and Jiaozhi commanderies. In recognition of his achievements, the Han imperial court enfeoffed him as a Marquis of a Chief Village (都亭侯) and summoned him to the imperial capital Luoyang to serve as a Counsellor Remonstrant (諫議大夫).

In 184, when the Yellow Turban Rebellion broke out, the Han imperial court appointed Zhu Jun as Right General of the Household (右中郎將) and ordered him, Lu Zhi and Huangfu Song to lead imperial forces to eliminate the rebels. Zhu Jun defeated the rebels at Changshe (長社) with the aid of Huangfu Song and Cao Cao. He was elevated from a village marquis to a district marquis under the title "Marquis of Xi District" and was promoted to General of the Household Who Suppresses Rebels. Zhu Jun and Huangfu Song later joined forces to defeat the rebels at Yangzhai (陽翟) and Xihua counties and pacified Yu Province. Later, Zhu Jun led his troops south to Nanyang Commandery (南陽郡) and joined the local government forces there in defeating the Yellow Turban rebels led by Zhao Hong and later Han Zhong. In early 185, he defeated another group of rebels led by Sun Xia and succeeded in restoring peace in Nanyang Commandery.

In 185, the Han imperial court promoted Zhu Jun to Right General of Chariots and Cavalry and elevated him to a county marquis under the title "Marquis of Qiantang" (錢唐侯). However, after his mother died, he resigned and returned home to perform filial mourning. After the mourning period, he returned to serve as Court Architect (將作大匠) and was subsequently reassigned to be Minister Steward (少府) and Minister Coachman (太僕). In the late 180s, when the Heishan bandits led by Zhang Yan raided Henei Commandery (河內郡) and threatened Luoyang, the Han central government appointed Zhu Jun as the Administrator (太守) of Henei Commandery and ordered him to lead troops to attack the bandits. Zhu Jun subsequently held the following appointments: Household Counsellor (光祿大夫), Colonel of the City Gates and Intendant of Henan (河南尹).

In 189, the warlord Dong Zhuo took advantage of the political vacuum created in the aftermath of Emperor Ling's death to seize control of, and dominate the Han central government. He felt rather intimidated by Zhu Jun because of the latter's standing in the imperial court as a veteran general and senior official. In 190, when a coalition of warlords launched a campaign against Dong Zhuo in the name of freeing the central government and Emperor Xian from his control, Dong Zhuo became afraid and wanted to relocate the imperial capital from Luoyang to Chang'an in the west. Zhu Jun strongly objected, but Dong Zhuo pushed his plan through. Although he dreaded Zhu Jun and wanted to eliminate him, he still appointed Zhu Jun as Minister Coachman (太僕) in Emperor Xian's name. Zhu Jun rejected the appointment.

After Dong Zhuo left for Chang'an with Emperor Xian, the emperor's subjects and Luoyang's residents, Zhu Jun remained in Luoyang and maintained contact with the anti-Dong Zhuo coalition. However, he feared that Dong Zhuo would turn back and attack him, so he abandoned his post and fled south to Jing Province. Dong Zhuo then appointed Yang Yi as the Intendant of Henan to guard Luoyang. When Zhu Jun heard about it, he led troops from Jing Province to attack Luoyang and drive away Yang Yi. At the time, much of Luoyang had been burnt down when Dong Zhuo gave orders to relocate the imperial capital to Chang'an, so Zhu Jun moved to a garrison at Zhongmu County.

Zhu Jun contacted various regional officials and warlords and asked them to join him in attacking Dong Zhuo. Tao Qian, the Governor of Xu Province, sent troops to help Zhu Jun, and even recommended Zhu Jun to be acting General of Chariots and Cavalry to lead the operations. However, Zhu Jun was defeated by Dong Zhuo's subordinates Li Jue and Guo Si in battle, so he could not advance further west and remained in Zhongmu County.

In May 192, Dong Zhuo was assassinated in Chang'an by his subordinate Lü Bu, after which the Han central government came under Wang Yun's control. However, within months, Dong Zhuo's former followers (led by Li Jue and Guo Si) attacked Chang'an and seized control of the central government. At the time, Zhu Jun was still stationed in Zhongmu County. Tao Qian contacted other regional officials and warlords and proposed naming Zhu Jun as Grand Preceptor (太師) to lead them to attack Chang'an and free Emperor Xian from Li Jue and Guo Si's control. At the same time, Li Jue and Guo Si also tried to win Zhu Jun over to their side: they sent him an imperial edict in Emperor Xian's name, ordering him to head to Chang'an and serve as Minister Coachman (太僕) in the central government. Although Zhu Jun knew that it was a ploy by Li Jue and Guo Si, he still obeyed the edict because it was sent in the emperor's name.

In July 193, Zhu Jun replaced Zhou Zhong (周忠, an uncle of Zhou Yu) as Grand Commandant (太尉) and held an additional appointment as Manager of the Affairs of the Masters of Writing (錄尚書事). In the following year, he was removed from office and reassigned to be acting General of Agile Cavalry to guard Hangu Pass. In early 195, before Zhu Jun left for Hangu Pass, internal conflict broke out between Li Jue and Guo Si, who started attacking each other in the streets of Chang'an. Zhu Jun remained in Chang'an and was reassigned to be Minister of Finance (大司農). During this time, Li Jue took Emperor Xian hostage to threaten Guo Si, while Guo Si did the same by holding the emperor's subjects hostage to threaten Li Jue. Zhu Jun, Yang Biao and Emperor Xian's other subjects tried to persuade Guo Si to make peace with Li Jue, but Guo Si would not listen. Zhu Jun died of illness a few days later as he could not stand the humiliation of being held hostage.

Family

Zhu Jun had a son, Zhu Hao (朱皓), whose courtesy name was Wenming (文明). Zhu Hao served as the Administrator of Yuzhang Commandery (豫章郡). He met his end at the hands of Ze Rong in the same year his father died.

In Romance of the Three Kingdoms

Zhu Jun is a character in the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

生平

早年孤貧

朱儁幼年喪父，母以販繒為生。當時朱儁以孝養母親而知名，當過上虞縣的門下書佐。後上虞縣長度尚欣賞他，向會稽太守韋毅推薦任郡職。後新任太守尹端以朱儁為主簿。後來，另一任會稽太守徐珪舉其為孝廉，遷蘭陵縣令。

平定交趾

光和元年（178年），交趾郡及合浦郡烏滸蠻叛亂，更招引九真郡和日南郡人民去進攻郡縣，當地官員都不能制止。同時梁龍率八萬人，和南海太守孔芝一起反叛，攻破郡縣。漢靈帝任命朱儁為交趾刺史，於家鄉會稽郡招募家兵及所調合五千人進入交趾平亂。朱儁分兩道而入，到交州州界時按兵不動，先遣使到交趾郡探聽叛軍虛實並宣提朝廷聲威，以動搖群眾之心；及後朱儁就與七郡軍隊一同進擊,成功斬殺梁龍，招降數萬人, 很快就平定叛亂。光和四年（181年），朱儁更擊敗烏滸蠻。朝廷論功封為都亭侯，並徵他入朝任為諫議大夫。

黃巾之亂

中平元年（184年）二月，黃巾之亂爆發，朝內公卿因朱儁有才略而推薦他，於是拜為右中郎將、持節，與左中郎將皇甫嵩討伐潁川黃巾叛軍。朱儁初敗於波才，波才於是進圍皇甫嵩所據的長社，皇甫嵩當時以火攻令波才軍驚亂，朱儁就與皇甫嵩及趕至的騎都尉曹操聯軍進攻，大敗波才，殺敵軍數萬。朱儁就以功進封西鄉侯，遷鎮賊中郎將。朱儁又與皇甫嵩乘勝追擊，在陽翟(今河南省許昌市禹州市)及西華(今河南省周口市西華縣西南)擊敗汝南、陳國兩地黃巾餘眾，平定了三郡的叛亂。

隨後朱儁就受詔進平南陽的黃巾軍。當時南陽太守秦頡殺死南陽黃巾渠帥張曼成，餘眾就以趙弘為首並據守宛城(今河南省南陽市)。朱儁就與荊州刺史徐璆及秦頡聯手圍攻趙弘，但兩個月都未能攻下，朝廷於是有議徴還朱儁，只因在司空張溫的反對之下才不成事。朱儁及後就急擊趙弘，趙弘戰死，餘眾又以韓忠為首領繼續抵抗。朱儁自以兵少，於是擴大包圍圈並建營壘，起土山看城內情況，並鳴鼓顯示要進攻城的西南。當時城內黃巾都傾力到西南隅防禦，但這卻是朱儁聲東擊西的計劃，他親率五千精兵掩襲城的東北面，並成功入城，令韓忠因畏懼而請降。徐璆、秦頡和朱儁司馬張超皆打算納降，但朱儁認為要攻硬討伐才能有效鎮壓叛亂，納降反而讓他們順境時就進兵侵掠，逆境時就請降，是縱容他們的行為。不過朱儁進攻卻未能擊破敵軍，朱儁登土山望入城內，明白到他們請降不得而又未能出城，故此同心死戰，令他一直難以擊破他們。朱儁於是解圍，韓忠出戰突圍，朱儁進攻韓忠，眾心因包圍已撤而鬆懈，朱儁遂大敗韓忠，乘勝追擊數十里，殺萬餘人。不過因秦頡殺掉投降的韓忠，令其餘眾恐懼不能自安，更以孫夏為首領，退還宛。十一月癸巳日（185年1月11日），朱儁攻宛城，孫夏逃走，至西鄂(今河南省南陽市臥龍區石橋鎮)精山擊敗其部眾，殺孫夏和敵軍萬餘，餘眾於是解散，南陽黃巾被平定。

高名重臣

朱儁在中平二年（185年）進拜右車騎將軍，封錢唐侯，加位特進。後以母喪去官，服喪後任將作大匠，後曾轉任少府、太僕。後黑山賊張燕進攻河內郡，進逼京師，朱儁受命為河內太守，率家兵擊退張燕。後拜光祿大夫，又轉任屯騎校尉，累遷城門校尉、河南尹。

董卓把持政權後，對朱儁頗為忌憚。初平元年（190年），關東州郡起兵討伐董卓，令董卓頗為恐懼，想請公卿們商議，遷都長安，朱儁屢次阻止。董卓雖然厭惡朱儁異己，但貪圖他的高名，於是上表奏請朱儁為太僕。使者欲宣詔命，朱儁堅決推辭，使得董卓不再有拜命的打算。董卓遷都長安後，朱儁留守洛陽，當時朱儁正與關東諸將交通，圖作其內應，但及後因懼被董卓襲擊，於是棄官逃奔荊州。董卓於是以楊懿為河南尹守洛陽，朱儁知道後進兵洛陽，逼走楊懿，但隨後就因當時河南郡地已殘破，資源不足支持他，於是屯駐中牟(今河南省鄭州市中牟縣)，並向州郡請求派出軍隊支持他討伐董卓，當時徐州刺史陶謙等州郡都派了軍隊來，陶謙更上朱儁行車騎將軍，展開討伐董卓的軍事行動。但朱儁被董卓所派的李傕、郭汜所敗，朱儁自知不敵，於是留在中牟不前進。

初平三年（192年）董卓被王允等誅殺，李傕、郭汜等董卓舊將聽從賈詡的建議，進攻長安，最終成功殺死王允，掌握朝權。當時朱儁仍在中牟，陶謙等就以朱儁是名臣，且有戰功，認為可以委以大任，故此與一眾豪傑共推朱儁為太師，並移檄各州，共討李傕並奉迎天子。同時，李傕用太尉周忠及賈詡的計策，徵召朱儁入朝。當時朱儁軍吏都恐懼入關，皆打算響應陶謙的行動。不過朱儁以李傕徵召的詔命是以天子之名所行，以君臣之義應當服從，同時亦打算乘著李傕等人之間的矛盾奪回朝政大權，於是拒絕了陶謙的建議而應召入長安，復任太僕，陶謙等亦唯有作罷。

憤恨猝逝

初平四年（193年），朱儁代周忠任太尉，錄尚書事。明年因日蝕而被免官，改行驃騎將軍事，持節鎮關東。不過，朱儁尚未出發，李傕就在興平二年二月乙亥日（195年3月2日）殺了同為董卓舊將的樊稠，令諸將互相猜疑，郭汜自疑李傕將加害自己而與李傕相攻，長安大亂，朱儁於是不出，留拜大司農。後漢獻帝下詔命朱儁與太尉楊彪等十多人游說郭汜，要他與李傕講和，但郭汜不肯，更留朱儁等人為人質。朱儁性格剛直，不堪受此辱，即日就發病去世。

性格特徵

• 朱儁除了以孝養聞名，亦因其輕財好義而得鄉里敬重。例如一次同郡人周規被公府所闢命，即將出發，就向郡府借了百萬錢去整飾衣冠。後來郡府督責討還，周規家貧不能償還，朱儁於是傷了母親的繒帛去為周規還債。朱儁母親因為為生的繒帛被朱儁拿去了，十分憤恨並怪責他。朱儁卻說：「小小損失其實是大得益，我們先貧而後富是必然的事。」

• 朱儁曾任會稽太守尹端主簿，但173年，尹端因討伐叛賊許昭失利，被揚州州府舉奏，將被處死。朱儁卻悄悄到京師，並以數百金賄賂主掌章奏的官吏，令其修改州郡所奏的奏文，將死刑改為力役和貶官。尹端得知免死後十分高興，卻不知原由，朱儁亦沒說出原委。

家庭

• 朱皓，字文明，朱儁之子，有才行，官至豫章太守，被笮融所殺。

• 朱符，朱儁之子，朱皓之兄。官至交趾刺史，後被殺。

延伸閱讀

注釋