沿革

• 该职的前身为顺治四年（1647年）所设置的江南江西河南三省总督，总督部院驻江宁府城（今南京市区）。

• 顺治六年（1649年），河南省改隶直隶总督。

• 顺治九年（1652年），江南江西总督总督部院一度迁往南昌，不过很快恢复旧制。

• 顺治十八年（1661年）和康熙十三年（1674年），两度分置江南总督、江西总督，不过在康熙四年（1665年）和二十一年（1682年）两省同归两江总督管辖。

• 康熙元年（1662年），操江事务划归江南总督管理。

• 康熙二十一年正月（1682年），裁江西总督缺，归并江南总督，为江南江西总督。

• 雍正元年（1723年），授与历任两江总督兵部尚书兼都察院右都御史之官衔，为文官从一品。

• 道光十一年（1831年）起，两江总督兼管两淮盐政。

• 咸丰时期，太平天国占领江宁，两江总督部院先后在扬州、常州、上海、苏州、安庆等地驻节。

• 自同治五年（1866年）起，两江总督兼管五口通商事务，授为南洋通商大臣。

总督部院

总督部院设在江宁城中部汉府街明代的汉王（成祖次子）府内。1853年－1864年洪秀全将这里扩建成金碧辉煌的天王府。1864年天王府被毁后，曾国藩在此按照礼制要求重建了两江总督部院。1909年南京城内穿城而过的宁垣铁路在此设车站。

1912年，这里成为中华民国南京临时政府总统府。1927年至1949年，这里先后为南京国民政府和中华民国总统府的所在地。

现在这里辟为南京中国近代史遗址博物馆。

历任总督

History

The office of Viceroy of Liangjiang originated in 1647 during the reign of the Shunzhi Emperor. It was called "Viceroy of the Three Provinces of Jiangdong, Jiangxi and Henan" (江东江西河南三省总督) and headquartered in Jiangning (江宁; present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu). In 1652, the office was renamed "Viceroy of Jiangxi" (江西总督) and its headquarters shifted to Nanchang for a short while before the old system was restored.

During the reign of the Kangxi Emperor, in 1661 and 1674, two separate Viceroy offices were created for Jiangdong and Jiangxi, but they were merged under the Viceroy of Liangjiang later in 1665 and 1682 respectively. The office's name had remained as "Viceroy of Liangjiang" since then.

In 1723, the Yongzheng Emperor ordered that the Viceroy of Liangjiang would concurrently hold the appointments of Secretary of War (兵部尚书) and Right Censor-in-Chief (右都御史) of the Detection Branch (都察院) in the Censorate.

In 1831, the Daoguang Emperor put the Viceroy of Liangjiang in charge of the salt trade in the Huai River area.

During the reign of the Xianfeng Emperor, the Taiping rebels captured Jiangning (江宁; present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu) and designated it as their capital. The headquarters of the Viceroy of Liangjiang constantly shifted across different locations, including Yangzhou, Changzhou, Shanghai, Suzhou and Anqing.

In 1866, during the reign of the Tongzhi Emperor, the Viceroy of Liangjiang was also put in charge of trade and commerce in the five treaty ports. He also concurrently held the appointment of "Southern Ocean Trade Minister" (南洋通商大臣); while "Northern Ocean Trade Minister" (北洋通商大臣) was held by the Viceroy of Zhili.

After the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912, the former headquarters of the Viceroy of Liangjiang in Nanjing was converted into a Presidential Palace for the President of the Republic of China until 1949.

List of Viceroys of Liangjiang