夏仁宗李仁孝（1124年 - 1193年），夏崇宗次子，母为汉人曹贵妃。仁宗皇帝为清圣祖以前在位最长的中国皇帝，是中国历史上在位第三长的皇帝。

由于其兄李仁爱先于崇宗而死，故被立为太子。1139年7月1日夏崇宗李乾顺去世，李仁孝即位，时年十六岁。在位期间结好金国，以稳定外部环境；重用文化程度较高的党项和汉族大臣主持国政；设立各级学校，以推广教育；实行科举，以选拔人才；尊崇儒学，大修孔庙及尊奉孔子为文宣帝；建立翰林学士院，编纂历朝实录；重视礼乐，修乐书《新律》；天盛年间，颁行法典《天盛年改新定律令》；尊尚佛教，供奉藏传佛教僧人为国师，并刻印佛经多种。

乾佑元年（1170年），得金之助，处死权相任得敬，粉碎其分国阴谋。可能因为任得敬的专权跋扈，令仁孝对武官不太信任，政策多数重文轻武，导致军备开始废弛，战斗力减弱，晚夏战争屡战屡败，国家于仁宗末年开始走下坡。但总结来说，他统治期间为西夏的盛世，与其父夏崇宗朝并称「崇仁之治」，这一时期也是金国、南宋的盛世，三国之间战争甚少，因此仁孝能专心料理国家内政。各汗国羡慕西夏之强盛，纷纷朝贡。文化臻于鼎盛，为党项文化写下光辉灿烂的一页。

乾佑二十四年九月二十日（1193年10月16日）崩，年七十，諡圣德皇帝，庙号仁宗。

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Emperor Renzong of Western Xia (1124 – 16 October 1193), born Li Renxiao (李仁孝), was the fifth emperor of the Tangut-led Western Xia dynasty of China. His reign from 1139 to 1193 was the longest among all Western Xia emperors.

Li Renxiao was the eldest son of the Emperor Chongzong, and succeeded him at the age of sixteen. After ascending into the throne, Renzong made friendly overtures to the Jin dynasty. In domestic politics, Renzong created many schools and used examinations to choose his officials. He respected Confucianism, and built many temples worshipping Confucius. During the era of Tiansheng, Renzong hired a Tibetan lama as a religious advisor and printed many copies of Buddhist teachings.

In 1170, Renzong discovered a plot to kill him. He executed the generals who were behind the plot. As a result, Renzong distrusted his army generals and the army began to fall into incompetence. During his later years, Western Xia began to fight wars against various enemies.

Renzong's reign was the peak of Western Xia Dynasty. Many tribes to the north and west became vassal states of Western Xia, and Renzong's focus on internal politics allowed the central government to be more efficient. His reign coincides with the peak of the Southern Song and the Jin Dynasties, and there were relatively few conflicts between these three countries.

He died in 1193 having reigned for over half a century like his father before him.

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