在Facebook上關注我們,隨時得到最新消息 在Twitter上關注我們,隨時得到最新消息 在新浪微博上關注我們,隨時得到最新消息 在豆瓣上關注我們,隨時得到最新消息
中国哲学书电子化计划 数据维基
简体字版
-> 荀卿

荀卿[查看正文] [修改] [查看历史]
ctext:721300

关系对象文献依据
typeperson
name荀卿default
name孙卿子
name孙卿
name荀子
name荀况
authority-wikidataQ216072
link-wikipedia_zh荀子
link-wikipedia_enXun_Kuang
荀子(约公元前316年 - 约公元前237年至公元前235年),名,被尊称为荀卿,又称孙卿,中国战国时代儒家学者和思想家,赵国人,曾担任齐国稷下学宫祭酒、楚国兰陵令,到赵国、秦国游说诸侯,宣扬儒学和传授六经,批评子思孟子等其他儒者及墨家、道家等其他学派,有韩非李斯等弟子,著作后世编为《荀子》一书。作为先秦儒家代表人物,与孔子孟子合称孔孟荀

荀子祖述孔子,重视道德伦理,提倡仁义、礼义和忠信,集先秦礼论之大成,重视以礼修身和礼制教育。他相信性恶论,人与生俱来本无道德,若放纵情欲不加节制,将互相仇恨和斗争;道德价值是后天人为建构的,由圣人创造,以规范和美化人性。荀子重视人的理性和学习能力,认为善行是后天学习而得的,人人都有学习礼义的能力;君子应凭著个人修养,锲而不舍的努力,日积月累养成美德。政治上荀子提调尊君,强调君主确立社会秩序与道德教化的作用,彰显儒家的圣王理想与政教合一的观念。荀子主张任用贤能,国君把政务交与大臣处理;国家要控制思想,打击异端邪说,以法律补充礼制以维系社会秩序。自然论方面,荀子倾向唯物主义,认为天地并无意志,不信墨家天人感应和鬼神之说,提出利用自然和改造自然。

荀子受誉为一代大儒,地位崇高,对后世特别是汉代的儒学思想与政治文化影响颇深。在宋、元、明三朝曾从祀于孔庙;但因其性恶论及曾抨击孟子,自宋代以来也受不少儒者批评,被视为孔门异端(至少是「歧出」),甚至是法家人物。直至清代才因考据学而又被重新评估、定位。

显示更多...: 生平   学派   思想   道德   礼仪   性善论与性恶论   道德基础   道德规范   政治   国家   制度   君权   时局评论   社会经济   自然论   宗教   认知与语言   著作   影响   思想方面   政治方面   文学方面   地位   注释   延伸阅读  

以上介绍摘自维基百科;若有错漏,敬请在维基百科上修改来源条目
Xunzi (; ), born Xun Kuang, was a Chinese philosopher of Confucianism during the late Warring States period. After his predecessors Confucius and Mencius, Xunzi is often ranked as the third great Confucian philosopher of antiquity. By his time, Confucianism had suffered considerable criticism from Taoist and Mohist thinkers, and Xunzi is traditionally regarded as a synthesizer of these traditions with earlier Confucian thought. The result was a thorough and cohesive revision of Confucianism, which was crucial to the philosophy's ability to flourish in the Han dynasty and throughout the later history of East Asia. His works were compiled in the eponymous Xunzi, and survive in excellent condition. Unlike other ancient compilations, his authorship of these texts is generally secure, though it is likely that Western Han dynasty historian Liu Xiang organized them into their present form centuries after Xunzi's death.

Born in the state of Zhao, Xunzi studied at the prestigious Jixia Academy, where he learned about every major philosophical tradition of his time. After his graduation, Xunzi traveled to Chu where he mastered poetry, and then returned to Qi as a highly regarded teacher at the academy. His students Han Fei and Li Si each had important political and academic careers, though some of their Legalist sentiments were at odds with his philosophy. Other students such as , Zhang Cang and authored important editions and commentaries on the Confucian classics. Later in his life, Xunzi served in the court of Lord Chunshen and died sometime after Lord Chunshen's death. The constant warfare of his time informed his work profoundly, as did his interactions with leaders and witnessing the downfall of various states.

Xunzi's writings respond to dozens of other thinkers, whom he often directly names and criticizes. His well-known notion that "Human nature is evil" has led many commentators to place him opposite of Mencius, who believed human nature was intrinsically good. Though like Mencius, Xunzi believed that education and ritual were the key to self-cultivation and thus the method to circumvent one's naturally foul nature. His definition of both concepts was loose, and he encouraged lifelong education and applied ritual to every aspect of life. Other important topics include the promotion of music and the careful application of names. Though he still cited the ancient sages, he differed from other Confucian philosophers by his insistence on emulating recent rulers rather than those of long ago.

Repeated oversimplifications and misunderstandings on Xunzi's teachings, particularly his view on human nature, led to gradual dismissal and condemnation of his thought from the Tang dynasty onwards. By the rise of Neo-Confucianism in the 10th century, Mencius gradually upended Xunzi, particularly by the choice to include the Mencius in the Four Books. Since the 20th century, a reevaluation of Xunzi's doctrine has taken place in East Asia, leading to recognition of his profound impact and relevance to both his times and present day.

显示更多...: Sources and context   Life and career   Youth and time in Qi (c. 310–284)   Stay in Chu and return to Qi (c. 283–265)   Travels and later career (c. 265 – after 238)   Philosophy   Human nature – xing   Music – yue   Gentleman – junzi   Modern editions  

以上介绍摘自维基百科;若有错漏,敬请在维基百科上修改来源条目

主題關係
荀子creator

文献资料引用次数
新唐书1
全唐文2
汉书7
四库全书总目提要8
郡斋读书志1
资治通鉴9
晋书1
经学历史17
史记1
宋史1
URI: https://data.ctext.org/entity/721300 [RDF]

喜欢我们的网站请支持我们的发展网站的设计与内容(c)版权2006-2025如果您想引用本网站上的内容,请同时加上至本站的链接:http://ctext.org/zhs。请注意:严禁使用自动下载软体下载本网站的大量网页,违者自动封锁,不另行通知。沪ICP备09015720号-3若有任何意见或建议,请在此提出Do not click this link