建文（）為中國明朝第二個皇帝朱允炆的年號，共四年。明成祖朱棣在靖難之役成功後不承認建文年號，改建文四年為洪武三十五年。明神宗在萬曆二十三年（1595年）下詔恢復建文年號。

值得注意的是，明成祖一直沒有明詔宣布革除建文年號。一些學者認為革除年號不是朱棣的本意，而只是臣下所為。也有人認為明成祖通過重修《太祖實錄》和修纂《奉天靖難記》對建文朝歷史肆意篡改，實際上相當于革除了建文年號，只是又不願親自公開實施而承擔歷史責任。

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Jianwen (建文 Jiànwén|w=Chien-wen|l=establishing civility; 6 February 1399 – 17 July 1402) was the era name (nianhao) of the Jianwen Emperor, the second emperor of the Ming dynasty, lasting for four years. The Yongle Emperor did not recognize the Jianwen era name after the success of the Jingnan campaign and changed Jianwen 4 to Hongwu 35. In 1595 (Wanli 23), the Wanli Emperor issued an edict to restore the Jianwen era name.

The Yongle Emperor never announced the abolition of the Jianwen era name. Some scholars believe that the abolition of the era name was not Yongle's intention but rather the actions of his subordinates. Some people also believe that the Yongle Emperor deliberately distorted the history of the Jianwen era by heavily revising the Taizu Shilu and compiling the Fengtian Jingnan Ji, which is equivalent to abolishing the Jianwen era name, but he was unwilling to personally implement it publicly and bear the historical responsibility.

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