生平

伏見天皇原本為後深草天皇之第二皇子熙仁親王，後來於1275年成為大覺寺統後宇多天皇（伏見天皇的堂兄）的皇太子。因為後深草上皇認為應由其子嗣繼承皇位，由幕府調停斡旋下，弘安十年（1287年）後宇多天皇讓位給後深草上皇之第二皇子熙仁親王。

在此之後一段短暫的時期中，大覺寺統與持明院統的勢力殭持不下。兩年之後，後深草天皇退位，結束了他的統治，院政停止運作，伏見天皇終於可以直接控制政府。

1289年，伏見天皇將自己的兒子（未來的後伏見天皇）立為皇太子。1290年4月19日，宮中的淺原為賴一族企圖暗殺天皇（淺原事件），雖然並未成功。

伏見天皇在位期間，貴族的勢力遭到政府削減，但是幕府的權力持續增加。伏見天皇在1298年8月退位，後伏見天皇開始他的統治時代，伏見天皇負責院政的運作。

但是三年之後（1301年），大覺寺統再度崛起，迫使後伏見天皇退位，由後宇多天皇第一皇子邦治親王繼承，成為後二條天皇。

1308年時，伏見天皇與幕府成功合作，伏見天皇第四皇子花園天皇成功即位。大覺寺統與持明院統其後對立，政府分裂成為南北朝並立時代。

在伏見天皇的統治期間，大覺寺統與持明院統勢力互相排擠。

1313年10月，退位的伏見皇帝削髮為僧。權力正式轉移到他的兒子後伏見天皇手中。

伏見天皇在1317年去世，但是他的兒子花園天皇沒有參加為他舉行的哀悼儀式，這是前所未有的行為。但是這種行為並無不合理之處，因為花園天皇已成為哥哥後伏見天皇的「兒子」。伏見天皇與其他天皇一起葬在京都伏見區的深草十二帝陵（深草北陵）。

公卿

公卿是是指公家和基於日本律令規定的太政官當中之最高幹部職位，即太政大臣、左大臣、右大臣、大納言、中納言、參議（或從三位以上（非參議））等高官。

關白為天皇成年後，輔助總理萬機的重要職位。伏見天皇統治期間出現的關白包括：

關白

在職年

二條師忠1287年－1289年

近衛家基1289年－1291年

九條忠教1291年－1293年

近衛家基1293年－1296年

鷹司兼忠1296年－1298年

年號

伏見天皇統治多年，總共使用三個年號。

• 弘安 1287年10月21日 - 1288年4月28日

• 正應 1288年4月28日 - 1293年8月5日

• 永仁 1293年8月5日 - 1298年7月22日

子嗣

伏見天皇原本為後深草天皇 第二皇子。母親為左大臣洞院實雄的女兒、玄輝門院藤原愔子。

• 中宮：西園寺（藤原）鏱子（永福門院）（1271-1342） - 西園寺實兼女兒

• 典侍（准三后）：五辻（藤原）經子（中納言典侍） - 五辻經氏女兒

　• 第一皇子：胤仁親王（後伏見天皇）（1288-1336）

• 洞院（藤原）季子（顯親門院）（1265-1336） - 洞院實雄女兒

　• 第一皇女：璹子內親王（朔平門院）（1287-1310）

　• 第三皇子：寬性法親王（1289-1346） - 仁和寺御室

　• 第三皇女：延子內親王（延明門院）（1291-?）

　• 第四皇子：富仁親王（花園天皇）（1297-1348）

• 洞院（藤原）英子 - 洞院公宗女兒

　• 第二皇女：譽子內親王（章義門院）（?-1336）

• 典侍：權大納言局 - 中院（源）具氏女兒

　• 第六皇子：尊悟入道親王（1299-1359）

• 三善衡子（播磨內侍） - 三善俊衡女兒

　• 第五皇子：尊圓法親王（1298-1356）

• 正親町（藤原）守子（東御方） - 正親町實明女兒

　• 皇子：寛胤法親王 　

　• 皇子：道凞法親王

• 高倉茂通女兒

　• 第七皇子：尊凞法親王

• 春日局 - 僧任快女兒

　• 第二皇子：惠助法親王（1289-1328）

• 西御方 - 僧深源女兒

　• 第八皇子：聖珍法親王

系圖

Name

Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (his imina) was .

Although the Roman-alphabet spelling of the name of this 13th-century emperor is the same as the personal name of the 20th century Emperor Shōwa, the kanji are different:

• Emperor Fushimi, formerly Prince Hirohito (熈仁)

• Emperor Shōwa, also known as Emperor Hirohito (裕仁)

Genealogy

He was the second son of Emperor Go-Fukakusa. They were from the Jimyōin-tō line.

• Empress: Saionji (Fujiwara) Shoshi (西園寺（藤原）鏱子) later Eifukumon』In (永福門院), Saionji Sanekane『s daughter

• Consort: Tōin (Fujiwara) Sueko (洞院（藤原）季子) later Kenshinmon-in (顕親門院; 1265-1336), Tōin Saneo『s daughter

　• First daughter: Imperial Princess Jushi (甝子内親王; 1287-1310）later Sakuheimon-in (朔平門院）

　• Third son: Imperial Prince Priest Kansho (寛性入道親王; 1289-1346）

　• Third daughter: Imperial Princess Enshi (延子内親王; b.1291）later Enmeimon-in (延明門院)

　• Fourth son: Imperial Prince Tomihito (富仁親王) later Emperor Hanazono

• Lady-in-waiting: Itsutsuji (Fujiwara) Tsuneko (五辻（藤原）経子; d.1324), Itsutsuji Tsuneuji『s daughter

　• First son: Imperial Prince Tanehito (胤仁親王) later Emperor Go-Fushimi

• Court Lady: Toin (Fujiwara) Eiko (洞院（藤原）英子), Tōin Kinmune』s daughter

　• Second daughter: Imperial Princess Shigeko (誉子内親王) later Shogakumon』in (章義門院)

• Court Lady: Ogimachi Moriko (正親町守子), Ogimachi Michiakira』s daughter

　• Son: Imperial Prince Priest Kan』in (寛胤法親王)

　• Son: Imperial Prince Priest Doki (道凞法親王)

• Lady-in-waiting: Gondainagon-no-Tsubone (権大納言局), Nakanoin Tomouji』s daughter

　• Sixth Son: Imperial Prince Priest Son』go (尊悟入道親王; 1299-1359）

• Naishi: Miyoshi Hirako (三善衡子), Miyoshi Toshihira』s daughter

　• Fifth son: Imperial Prince Priest Son'en (尊円法親王; 1298-1356）

• Fujiwara Shigemichi』s daughter

　• Seventh Son: Imperial Prince Priest Sonki (尊凞法親王)

• Court Lady: Kasuga-no-Tsubone (春日局)

　• Second Son: Imperial Prince Priest E』jo (恵助法親王; 1289-1328）

• Court Lady: Nishi-no-Kata (西御方)

　• Eighth Son: Imperial Prince Priest Seijin (聖珍法親王)

His name comes from the palace of the Jimyōin-tō.

Biography

Hirohito-shinnō was named Crown Prince and heir to his first cousin, the Daikakuji-tō Emperor Go-Uda. Political maneuvering by Fushimi's father, the Jimyōin-tō Emperor Go-Fukakusa, was a crucial factor in this choice.

In the year 1287 (Kōan 10, 10th month), in the 13th year of Go-Uda-tennō 's reign (後宇多天皇十三年), the emperor abdicated; and the succession (senso) was received by his cousin. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Fushimi is said to have acceded to the throne (sokui).

After this, there was a short period of time in which the two lines alternated power. Two years later, the retired Emperor Go-Fukakusa ended his reign as Cloistered Emperor, and Fushimi took direct control.

In 1289, by making his own son (the future Emperor Go-Fushimi) Crown Prince, he increased the antagonism of the Daikakuji line. In 1290, the family of Asawara Tameyori made an assassination attempt on the Emperor.

During his reign, efforts were made by the noble families to defeat the government, but the power of the Bakufu increased. In 1298, Fushimi abdicated and began his reign as cloistered emperor. Three years later, in 1301, the Daikakuji Line rallied and forced Emperor Go-Fushimi to abdicate.

In 1308, his co-operation with the Bakufu succeeding, his fourth son's enthronement as Emperor Hanazono took place, and he again became cloistered Emperor.

During Fushimi's reign, the alternating plan for the Daikakuji and Jimyōin lines had not yet come into being, and the two lines fought each other for the throne.

• 1313 (Shōwa 2, 10th month): Retired Emperor Fushimi shaved his head and became a Buddhist monk; and the power to administer the court of reigning Emperor Hanazono shifted to his adopted son, former-Emperor Go-Fushimi.

In 1317, former-Emperor Fushimi died; but his son, Emperor Hanazono, did not participate in formal mourning rites for him. This was unprecedented; but this was rationalized with the explanation that Hanozono had become the adopted "son" of his older brother, former-Emperor Go-Fushimi. Fushimi is enshrined with other emperors at the imperial tomb called Fukakusa no kita no misasagi (深草北陵) in Fushimi-ku, Kyoto.

Kugyō

is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras. Even during those years in which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.

In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Fushimi's reign, this apex of the ''Daijō-kan included:

• Kampaku, Nijō Morotada, 1287–1289

• Kampaku, Konoe Iemoto, 1289–1291

• Kampaku, Kujō Tadanori, 1291–1293

• Kampaku, Konoe Iemoto, 1293–1296

• Kampaku, Takatsukasa Kanetada, 1296–1298

• Sadaijin

• Udaijin

• Nadaijin

• Dainagon

Eras of Fushimis reign

The years of Fushimi's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or nengō.

• Kōan (1278–1288)

• Shōō (1288–1293)

• Einin (1293–1299)

Ancestry