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Circular RNA Splicing

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Circular RNAs

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1087))

Abstract

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed single-stranded RNA molecules derived from exons by alternative mRNA splicing. Circularization of single-stranded RNA molecules was already described in 1976 for viroids in plants. Since then several additional types of circular RNAs in many species have been described such as the circular single-stranded RNA genome of the hepatitis delta virus (HDV) or circular RNAs as products or intermediates of tRNA and rRNA maturation in archaea. CircRNAs are generally formed by covalent binding of the 5′ site of an upstream exon with the 3′ of the same or a downstream exon. Meanwhile, two different models of circRNA biogenesis have been described, the lariat or exon skipping model and the direct backsplicing model. In the lariat model, canonical splicing occurs before backsplicing, whereas in the direct backsplicing model, the circRNA is generated first. In this chapter, we will review the formation of circular RNAs and highlight the derivation of different types of circular RNAs.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the German Cardiac Society (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kardiologie (DGK)) to Jes-Niels Boeckel.

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The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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  1. Author contributed equally with all other contributors. Nicole Eger and Laura Schoppe

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

    Nicole Eger & Laura Schoppe

  2. Clinic and Polyclinic for Cardiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

    Susanne Schuster, Ulrich Laufs & Jes-Niels Boeckel

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Correspondence to Jes-Niels Boeckel .

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  1. School of Life Science, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China

    Junjie Xiao

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Eger, N., Schoppe, L., Schuster, S., Laufs, U., Boeckel, JN. (2018). Circular RNA Splicing. In: Xiao, J. (eds) Circular RNAs. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1087. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1426-1_4

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