Kingdom of Imereti
Kingdom of Imereti იმერეთის სამეფო | |||||||||||||||||
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| 1455–1810 | |||||||||||||||||
 Final coat of arms of the Kingdom of Imereti.
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 The Kingdom of Imereti in 1490 | |||||||||||||||||
| Capital | Kutaisi | ||||||||||||||||
| Common languages | Georgian | ||||||||||||||||
| Religion | Eastern Orthodox Christianity | ||||||||||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||||||||||
| King | |||||||||||||||||
• 1260–1293 | David IV (first) | ||||||||||||||||
• 1789–1810 | Solomon II (last) | ||||||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||||||
• Established | 1455 | ||||||||||||||||
• Independence from Georgia | 1455 | ||||||||||||||||
• Vassal of the Ottoman Empire | 29 May 1555 | ||||||||||||||||
• Vassal of the Russian Empire | 25 April 1804 | ||||||||||||||||
• Russian Annexation | 20 February 1810 | ||||||||||||||||
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| Today part of | Georgia | ||||||||||||||||
The Kingdom of Imereti (Georgian: იმერეთის სამეფო, romanized: imeretis samepo) was a Georgian monarchy established in 1455 by a member of the house of Bagrationi when the Kingdom of Georgia was dissolved into rival kingdoms. Before that time, Imereti was considered a separate kingdom within the Kingdom of Georgia, of which a cadet branch of the Bagrationi royal family held the crown.[1]
The realm was conquered by George V the Brilliant and once again united with the east Kingdom of Georgia.[2] From 1455 onward, however, Imereti became a constant battleground between Georgian and Ottoman forces for several centuries, resulting in the kingdom's progressive decline due to this ongoing instability. These threats pushed local Georgian rulers to seek closer ties with Tsardom of Russia. In 1649, Imereti sent ambassadors to the Russian royal court and Russia returned favor in 1651. In the presence of Russian ambassadors, Alexander III of Imereti swore an oath of allegiance to Tsar Alexis of Russia.[3] However, internal conflicts among Georgian royalty continued and, although Alexander III briefly managed to control all of Western Georgia, this consolidation was short lived. By the time of his death in 1660, Western Georgia was still in a state of flux.[4] In this chaotic period, Archil of Imereti was enthroned and deposed several times. His efforts to secure assistance from Russia and, later, Pope Innocent XII proved unsuccessful and he was finally exiled to Russia.[5]
Under pressure from Pavel Tsitsianov, in 1804 Solomon II of Imereti accepted Russian Imperial suzerainty, only to be deposed entirely in 1810. During the time that Imereti was a vassal state, the Mingrelia, Abkhazia and Guria princedoms declared their independence from Imereti and established their own governments.
Kings of Imereti
[edit]First House of Imereti
[edit]- David VI (1258–1293)
- Constantine I (1293–1326)
- Michael (1326–1329)
- Bagrat I (1329–1330)
- Vacant (1330–1387)
- Alexandre I (1387–1389)
- George I (1389–1392)
- Vacant (1392–1396)
- Constantine II (1396–1401)
- Demetrius I (1401–1455), only recognized as Duke by Alexander I of Georgia
Second House of Imereti
[edit]- Demetrius II (1446–1452)
- Bagrat II (1463–1478)
- Alexander II (1478–1510)
- Bagrat III (1510–1565)
- George II (1565–1585)
- Leon (1585–1588)
- Rostom (1588–1589, 1590–1605)
- Bagrat IV (1589–1590)
- George III (1605–1639)
- Alexander III (1639–1660)
- Bagrat V (1660–1661, 1663–1668, 1669–1678, 1679–1681)
- Vakhtang Tchutchunashvili (1661–1663)[6]
- Archil (1661–63, 1678–79, 1690–91, 1695–96, 1698)
- Demetre (1663–1664)[6]
- George IV (1681–1683)[6]
- Alexander IV (1683–1690, 1691–1695)
- Simon (1699–1701)
- George V (1696–1698)[6]
- Mamia (1701–02, 1711, 1713)[6]
- George VI (1702–1707)[6]
- George VII (1707–11, 1712–13, 1713–16, 1719–1720)
- George VIII (1716)[6]
- Alexander V (1720–1741, 1741–1746, 1749–1752)
- George IX (1741)
- Mamuka (1746–1749)
- Solomon I (1752–1766, 1768–1784)
- Teimuraz (1766–1768)
- David II (1784–1789, 1790–1791)
- Solomon II (1789–1790, 1792–1810)
Heads of the House of Imereti after 1815[edit]
Since Solomon II of Imereti had no sons, he proclaimed Prince Constantine, son of king David II of Imereti, and his male-line senior descendants as heirs to the throne of the Kingdom of Imereti.
After the death of Hereditary Prince Constantine (III) (1898–1978), because the male-offspring of this branch came to end, the headship of the House of Bagrationi-Imereti transmitted to Prince Irakli Bagrationi (1925–2013), son of Prince Grigol, the male-line descendant of Prince Bagrat, younger brother of King Solomon I of Imereti (1752–1784).
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Heads of the House of Imereti after 1784[edit]
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See also
[edit]| Bagrations (Kings of Georgia) | Bagrations (Kings of Imereti) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Constantine I (1369–1412) King of Georgia 1407–1412 | Demetrius Duke of Imereti 1401–1455 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dulandukht Orbeliani | Alexander I (1386–1446) King of Georgia 1412–1442 | Tamar | Bagrat co-king | Georges co-king 1408–1412 | Gulkhan († 1471) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vakhtang IV (1413–1446) King of Georgia 1442–1446 | A daughter | Demetrius (c. 1413 – 1453) co-king with Alexander I 1433–1442, with Vakhtang IV 1442–1446 | George VIII (1417–1476) Kings of Georgia 1446–1462 King of Kartli-Kakheti 1462–1466 King of Kakheti as George I 1466–1476 | David | Zaal | Bagrat II (1439–1478) King of Imereti as Bagrat II 1462–1466 King of kartli-Imereti 1466–1478 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| branch of Kartli | branch of Kakheti | Alexander II King of Imereti (1484–1510) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bagrat III (1495-1565) King of Imereti 1510–1565 | Vakhtang Prince of Imereti († 1548) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| George II King of Imereti 1565–1585 | Constantine III Prince of Imereti († 1587) | Teimuraz | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Levan (c. 1573 – 1590) King of Imereti 1585–1590 | Rostom (1571–1605) King of Imereti 1588–1589 1590–1605 | George III King of Imereti 1605–1639 | Bagrat IV King of Imereti 1589–1590 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexander III (1609–1660) King of Imereti 1639–1660 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bagrat V King of Imereti 1660–1661, 1663–1668, 1669–1678, 1679–1681 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexander IV King of Imereti 1683–1690, 1691–1695 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Simon King of Imereti 1699–1701 | George VII King of Imereti 1707–1711, 1712–1713, 1713–1716, 1719–1720 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexander V King of Imereti 1720–1741, 1741–1746, 1749–1752 | Mamuka King of Imereti 1746–1749 († 1769) | George IX (1718–1778) King of Imereti 1741 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Solomon I (1735–1784) King of Imereti 1752–1766, 1768–1784 |  Prince Bagrat[9] (1741 † 1800) Head of the House of Imereti 23 April 1784 — 1800 | Archil († 1775) | Teimuraz King of Imereti (1766–1768) | David II (1755 † 1795) King of Imereti 1784–1789 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prince Alexander (1760 † 1780) | David (1761 † 1820) | Simon[9] (1771 †) Head of the House of Imereti | Solomon II (1772–1815) King of Imereti 1789–1810 | Constantin (I) (1789 † 1844) Head of the House of Imereti 7 February 1815 — 3 May 1844 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prince Giorgi (1778 † 1807) | Ivan (Vano) (1810 † 1869) | Rostom[9] (1791 † ) Head of the House of Imereti | Constantine (II) (1827 † 1885) Head of the House of Imereti 3 May 1844 — 15 December 1885 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexander Bagrationi of Imereti (1796 † 1862) | Dimitry Bagrationi of Imereti (1799 † 1845) | Alexander (1851 † 1895) | Simon[9] (1812 †) Head of the House of Imereti | Mikheil (1843 † 1892) Head of the House of Imereti 15 December 1885—1888 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexander (VII) (1843 † 1880) | Dimitry (1846 † 1885) | David (1894 † 1937) | Rostom[9] (1845 † ) Head of the House of Imereti | Giorgi (I) (1872 † 1932) Head of the House of Imereti 1888 — 26 March 1932 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexander | Nino (1915 † 2008) | Svimon (1874 † 1951) | Grigol[9] (1885 † 1937) Head of the House of Imereti | Giorgi (II) (1897 † 1972) Head of the House of Imereti 26 March 1932 — 24 March 1972 | Constantine (III) (1898 † 1978) Head of the House of Imereti 24 March 1972 — 20 November 1978 | Mikheil (1900 † 1975) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexander (1918 † 1940) | Irakli (I)[9] (1925 † 2013) Head of the House of Imereti 1937 — 2013 | Thamar (Born. 1926) Head of the House of Imereti 20 November 1978 — Present | Natalia Imeretinsky (born. 1930) | Nadezhda Imeretinsky (born. 1941) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nargiza (Born. 1940) | David[9] (Born. 1948) Head of the House of Imereti 2013 — 2017 | Maia (Born. 1953) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ketevan (Born. 1979) | Thamar (Born. 1980) | Irakli (II)[9] (Born. 1982) Head of the House of Imereti from 6 May 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
[edit]
- ^ This started in 1260 after David VI revolted against Mongol ruler Hulegu Khan and fled to Abkhazia. The Mongolian conquest of Georgia during the 13th century had decentralized and fragmented Georgia, forcing the relocation of governmental centres to the provinces to newly created Kingdom of Western Georgia.
- ^ D.M.Lang - Georgia in the Reign of Giorgi the Brilliant (1314–1346), Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 17, pp. 74-91
- ^ " ნ. ტოლჩანოვის იმერეთში ელჩობის მუხლობრივი აღწერილობა, 1650-1652", გამოსცა ი. ცინცაძემ, თბ., 1970, გვ. 37-38
- ^ მ. რეხვიაშვილი, "დასავლეთ საქართველო XVII საუკუნეში", თბ., 1978
- ^ გურამ შარაძე, ბედნიერებისა და სათნოების საუნჯე, თბილისი, გამომცემლობა საბჭოთა საქართველო, 1984: pp. 436-437.
- ^ a b c d e f g Non-Bagrationi monarch.
- ^ იმერელი ბაგრატიონების ოჯახი, გაიოზ მამალაძე. georoyal.ge
- ^ Toumanoff, pp. 181-189
- ^ a b c d e f g h i According to Gaioz Mamaladze.
Bibliography
[edit]- Toumanoff, C. (1990) The dynasties of Christian Caucasus from Antiquity to the 19th century: Genealogical and chronological tables, Rome
Further reading
[edit]- სამეფო კლუბის სპიკერი გაიოზ მამალაძე, georoyal.ge
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