Papers by gilberto fillmann
Different carbon sources affect PCB accumulation by marine bivalves
Marine Environmental Research, 2016
Pampean creeks were evaluated in the present study as potential land-based sources of PCB marine ... more Pampean creeks were evaluated in the present study as potential land-based sources of PCB marine contamination. Different carbon and nitrogen sources from such creeks were analysed as boosters of PCB bioaccumulation by the filter feeder bivalve Brachidontes rodriguezii and grazer limpet Siphonaria lessoni. Carbon of different source than marine and anthropogenic nitrogen assimilated by organisms were estimated through their C and N isotopic composition. PCB concentration in surface sediments and mollusc samples ranged from 2.68 to 6.46 ng g(-1) (wet weight) and from 1074 to 4583 ng g(-1) lipid, respectively, reflecting a punctual source of PCB contamination related to a landfill area. Thus, despite the low flow of creeks, they should not be underestimated as contamination vectors to the marine environment. On the other hand, mussels PCB bioaccumulation was related with the carbon source uptake which highlights the importance to consider this factor when studying PCB distribution in organisms of coastal systems.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Jan 8, 2022
Antifouling paints incorporate biocides in their composition seeking to avoid or minimize the set... more Antifouling paints incorporate biocides in their composition seeking to avoid or minimize the settlement and growing of undesirable fouling organisms. Therefore, biocides are released into the aquatic environments also affecting several non-target organisms and, thus, compromising ecosystems. Despite global efforts to investigate the environment occurrence and toxicity of biocides currently used in antifouling paints, the speci c active ingredients that have been used in commercial products are poorly known. Thus, the present study assessed the frequencies of occurrence and relative concentrations of biocides in antifouling paint formulations registered for marketing worldwide. The main data were obtained from databases of governmental agencies, business associations and safety data sheets from paint manufacturers around the world. Results pointed out for 25 active ingredients currently used as biocides, where up to six biocides have been simultaneously used in the examined formulations. Cuprous oxide, copper pyrithione, zinc pyrithione, zineb, DCOIT and cuprous thiocyanate were the most frequently ones, with mean relative concentrations of 35.9±12.8 %, 2.9±1.6 %, 4.0±5.3 %, 5.4±2.0 %, 1.9±1.9 % and 18.1±8.0 % (w/w) of respective biocide present in the antifouling paint formulations. Surprisingly, antifouling paints containing TBT as active ingredient are still being registered for commercialization nowadays. These results can be applied as a proxy of biocides that are possibly being used by antifouling systems and, consequently, released into the aquatic environment, which can help to prioritize the active ingredients that should be addressed in future studies.
Genotoxic and mutagenic effects of chlorothalonil on the estuarine fish Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823)
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Nov 22, 2021
Chlorothalonil is a fungicide widely used in agriculture as well as an active ingredient in antif... more Chlorothalonil is a fungicide widely used in agriculture as well as an active ingredient in antifouling paints. Although it causes toxic effects on non-target organisms and can accumulate in fish tissues, little is known about its sublethal effects. Thus, genotoxic and mutagenic effects of intraperitoneal injected chlorothalonil in Micropogonias furnieri, an estuarine fish of frequent human consumption and a promising test-organism for ecotoxicological assays, were assessed. Chlorothalonil showed to be genotoxic (DNA damage by comet assay) and mutagenic (micronuclei, nuclear buds, apoptotic fragments, and bilobed cells) even at the lowest dose tested (0.35 μg g−1) and in a dose-dependent manner (0.35 and 3.5 μg g−1) for micronuclei, apoptotic fragments, and bilobed cells. As genomic instability may lead to carcinogenesis, the present evidence can assist decision-makers in banning this compound since any benefit toward food production is outweighed by the hazard to aquatic ecosystems and human health.
Marine Pollution Bulletin, Mar 1, 2010
Selected POPs were analyzed in blubber samples of Pontoporia blainvillei from Southern Brazil to ... more Selected POPs were analyzed in blubber samples of Pontoporia blainvillei from Southern Brazil to appraise temporal trend over a 10 year period (1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004). Overall, levels of POPs were relatively low, especially when compared to Northern Hemisphere concentrations. Apart from Mirex and PCBs, which showed stable concentrations, DDTs, HCB, CHLs, Dieldrin levels presented a slight decrease over the studied period. In addition, the increase in the PCBs/DDTs ratio supports the idea that inputs of DDTs are decaying faster than PCBs.
Toxicity of antifouling biocides on planktonic and benthic neotropical species
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
This study aimed to evaluate the concentrations and sources of natural and anthropogenic aliphati... more This study aimed to evaluate the concentrations and sources of natural and anthropogenic aliphatic (AHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surficial sediments collected along the Patos Lagoon estuary and in sediment cores obtained from the Cassino Beach mud bank. Levels and distribution of n-alkanes indicate terrestrial sources, overlapping with a low amount of petrogenic hydrocarbons (heavy oils). A small unresolved complex mixture (UCM) was observed in all samples. On the other hand, the distribution of PAHs in the sediments showed a predominance of pyrolytic over petrogenic sources. In general, hydrocarbons (HCs) contamination in the Patos Lagoon estuary and its adjacent coastal area can be considered low, except for sites near urban or industrial effluents, where moderate to high levels of contamination were found. Concentrations of HCs were homogeneous throughout the sediment cores, suggesting that mixing processes may have occurred along the layers or that HCs inp...
Distribution of Pahs and Trace Elements In Spartina Densiflora And Associated Sediments from Low to Highly Contaminated South American Estuarine Saltmarshes
SSRN Electronic Journal
Determinação do "LLORAM" para cobre, cádmio, chumbo, cromo e zinco por AAS
A espectrofotometria de absorcao atomica (AAS) e, amplamente, usada para a determinacao de metais... more A espectrofotometria de absorcao atomica (AAS) e, amplamente, usada para a determinacao de metais. Dentre as vantagens que oferece, menciona-se sua facilidade e versatilidade, quando comparada com outras tecnicas instrumentais. Estudou-se o comportamento do Cobre, Cadmio, Chumbo, Cromo e Zinco por AAS, mediante os parâmetros de concentracao e Absorbância. Os resultados foram avaliados estatisticamente usando o sistema "LLORAM". Demonstrou-se que, nas condicoes do experimento, a concentracao otima de determinacao para o Cobre foi de 1,30ppm, para o Cromo 12,78ppm, para o Cadmio 0,36ppm, para o Chumbo 4,96ppm, e para o Zinco de 1,50ppm. O modelo linear apresentou um coeficiente de variacao, entre 2,0 a 4,0%, para os metais estudados. Esta trabalho e suporte para as determinacoes rotineiras destes metais por AAS.
Dredging impacts on the toxicity and development of sediment quality values in a semi-arid region (Ceará state, NE Brazil)
Environmental Research, 2021
Sediment dredging impacts coastal environments by promoting the resuspension of fine particles an... more Sediment dredging impacts coastal environments by promoting the resuspension of fine particles and remobilization of contaminants that may trigger toxic effects. In this study, we evaluated the sediment quality in harbor areas of Mucuripe bay, a semi-arid ecosystem located in Ceará state (Brazil), which is subject to dredging activities. A sampling survey was conducted right after dredging operations and data compared to another survey performed prior dredging. Sediments were analyzed for fine particles, organic carbon, nutrients, metals, hydrocarbons, and tributyltin (TBT). Toxicity of whole-sediment and liquid phase exposures were also determined. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, and Zn decreased after dredging, which was confirmed by the geoaccumulation index. Levels of TBT dropped while phosphorus, aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons increased. Toxic effects persisted, indicating a post-dredging recontamination combined with other sources such as urban runoff, wastewater discharges, harbor activities, and antifouling particles. Data from Mucuripe and Pecém harbors were compiled and site-specific sediment quality values (SQVs) were developed by using multivariate methods. The threshold values proposed by our study were lower and more effective to predict toxicity compared to international guidelines, indicating levels of contamination for this tropical region in which toxic effects may occur. Considering the large geographic area with different sediment characteristics of the Brazilian coast, this study represents a significant contribution to sediment toxicity assessment of dredging activities in semi-arid environments.
Environmental science and pollution research international, 2016
Imposex incidence, organotin tissue levels, and sex steroid (free and esterified testosterone and... more Imposex incidence, organotin tissue levels, and sex steroid (free and esterified testosterone and estradiol) levels were assessed in Stramonita haemastoma from Babitonga Bay (Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil). The imposex levels showed a reduction when compared to a previous evaluation performed in the same area. In spite of that, the detected imposex incidence indicated the occurrence of tributyltin (TBT) inputs that were still able to produce endocrine disruption in local gastropods. In addition, a high level of organotins was observed in tissues of imposexed females. These females also showed a hormonal imbalance, especially in the total testosterone/total estradiol ratio. These findings obtained under realistic field conditions suggest that the steroid pathway could be responsible by the imposex induction after exposure to TBT. In this case, measurements of sex steroid levels can be an additional evidence for monitoring sites and impose affected gastropod populations.
Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, Jan 28, 2015
The distribution of butyltins (BTs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied in s... more The distribution of butyltins (BTs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied in surface sediments to assess how relevant is Mar del Plata port (Argentina) as a source of contamination to the surrounding environments. Within the port, TBT concentrations ranged from 24.2 to 150 ng Sn g(-1) and PAHs (Σ16) from 180 to 17,094 ng g(-1). At the surrounding beaches, PAHs were detected at low concentrations and TBT concentrations reached 10.9 ng Sn g(-1). Although those low levels indicate that the Port might not be an important source of contamination to the surrounding beaches, the very low TOC content and the coarse grain size of the beaches sediments could explain the sedimentary levels. The results show a reduction in TBT levels in Mar del Plata port after national and international use restrictions of TBT-based antifouling paints.
Journal of the Brazilian Society of Ecotoxicology, 2010
Atualmente, os ensaios ecotoxicológicos têm sido utilizados como uma importante ferramenta na ava... more Atualmente, os ensaios ecotoxicológicos têm sido utilizados como uma importante ferramenta na avaliação da qualidade ambiental. Com objetivo de destacar o uso de organismos nativos em ensaios crônicos de curta duração, este estudo avaliou o potencial do copépodo Acartia tonsa em ensaios de reprodução. Ensaios semi-estáticos foram realizados expondo organismos adultos às concentrações de 0,5; 0,75; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 e 2,5 mg.L -1 de sulfato de zinco (ZnSO 4 .7H 2 O). A produção de ovos por fêmea foi quantificada em 48 horas, obtendo a CE 50 de 2,05 mg.L -1 de sulfato de zinco (IC 95% = 1,77 -2,20 mg.L -1 ). Ensaios agudos foram realizados concomitantemente, expondo os organismos as concentrações de 2,5; 5,0; 7,5; 10; 12,5 e 15 mg.L -1 de ZnSO 4 .7H 2 O. Em comparação aos efeitos agudos, o ensaio crônico obteve CE 50 cerca de 1,9 vezes menor que a concentração letal (CL 50 de 3,80 mg.L -1 ). A resposta de sensibilidade foi cerca de 3 a 4 vezes menor que os demais ensaios reportados na literatura. Desta forma, estudos complementares são necessários para estabelecer as condições ótimas de exposição e verificar a possibilidade de efeitos subletais mais sensíveis. Palavras-chave: Acartia tonsa, ensaio de toxicidade crônica, ecotoxicologia, produção de ovos, sulfato de zinco.
Analytica Chimica Acta, 2002
Results from polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) analyses of mussel tissue extracts by immunoassay (P... more Results from polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) analyses of mussel tissue extracts by immunoassay (PCB RaPID Assay ® ) and conventional gas chromatography-electron-capture detection (GC-ECD) are described and compared. Mussels from natural populations with diverse concentrations of PCBs, mussel tissue fortified with technical Aroclor ® 1254 and a certified reference material are included. A strong correlation is reported between "total" PCBs quantified by both techniques (r 2 = 0.95, n = 27). Immunoassay results, however, exhibited lower values compared to GC-ECD, particularly when GC results are corrected for procedural recovery. A reduced antibody response, due to differences in the congener composition between the mussel extracts and Aroclor ® 1254 (used to raise and calibrate the ELISA), provides the most likely explanation for this difference. Non-parametric statistical analyses confirmed that, although differing from Aroclor ® 1254, PCB congener compositions in the mussel extracts most closely resemble that of Aroclor ® 1254. At very high PCB concentrations (>30 g g -1 dry weight), however, ELISA results are statistically different (P < 0.01) from GC-ECD results, which is likely to be related to the solvation capacity of ELISA diluent. Similarity analysis showed high correlations between the most prominent congeners in Aroclor ® 1254 and immunoassay results. This analysis did not, however, identify a specific chlorine substitution pattern to which the immunoassay preferentially responded. Whilst GC-ECD affords the capability to quantify individual congeners of different reactivity and toxicity, the data reported do indicate that immunoassay offers a rapid and inexpensive alternative method for estimation of "total" PCBs at environmentally significant levels. It is, however, necessary to remove extraneous lipids to reduce matrix effects in the immunoassay.
Ciencias Marinas, 2005
In this study we tested the toxicity of bulk sediment from the northeastern area of Todos os Sant... more In this study we tested the toxicity of bulk sediment from the northeastern area of Todos os Santos Bay, Bahia, Brazil, to evaluate environmental impact induced by 50 years of exposure to the local petroleum industry (Petrobras). Sediment samples were collected during one year, at three-month intervals, from four sites in areas of oil extraction (Ilha das Fontes, station 4), transportation (Ilhas de Madre de Deus and Pati, stations 2 and 3) and refinement (RELAM, station 1). Two reference stations (5 and 6) were located outside the petroleum influence area, to the south of the bay. Static bioassays were conducted for 96 h, using 7-8 day old Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae (PL). The assays were conducted in 2.5 L plastic jars containing 200 g of surface (1 cm deep) bulk sediment covered by 2 L of dilution water (filtered seawater, 28 ppt salinity, 27 + 2ºC and DO under saturation). Fifteen exposed PL in each jar were fed daily on 60 recently hatched Artemia salina nauplii. Physico-chemical parameters were monitored. Mortality and dry weight gain were taken as end-points. The PL mortality data obtained for sediment from the Petrobras stations in comparison to the data from the reference stations were not significantly different (P > 0.05); however, the dry weight gain showed significant differences among stations. A maximum value was reached at station 5 (reference area) and a minimum at station 1 (RELAM refinery). Stations 2 and 3 in petroleum transportation areas did not show significant differences (P > 0.05). To evaluate the sensitivity of this bulk-sediment test in detecting contaminant effects generated by the petroleum industry, the toxicity data were considered in terms of the hydrocarbon levels analyzed in sediments from the same Petrobras areas and in one of the control areas, located outside the bay. The results support the assumption that the bulksediment bioassay on penaeid PL is a suitable methodology not only to distinguish between impacted and relatively unperturbed environments, but also to separate the different degrees of impact among areas subjected to petroleum industry activities in the coastal environment.
Environmental evaluation of Brazilian estuaries: methodological aspects
Passive-Sampler-Derived PCB and OCP Concentrations in the Waters of the World─First Results from the AQUA-GAPS/MONET Network
Environmental Science & Technology
Water and Sediment Toxicity and Hazard Assessment of Dcoit Towards Neotropical Marine Organisms
Organotin contamination in seafood from the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico: Is there a potential risk for the health of consumers?
Chemosphere
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Papers by gilberto fillmann