Papers by Anatole Klyosov
Substrate Stabilization of Soluble and Immobilized Glucoamylase Against Heating
Enzyme Engineering, 1980
Glucoamylase (1, 4-α-D-glucan glucohydrolase, E.C. 3.2.1.3) catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of ... more Glucoamylase (1, 4-α-D-glucan glucohydrolase, E.C. 3.2.1.3) catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of glucose units from the non-reducing end of starch and the products of partial starch hydrolysis. In the last decade this enzyme has received considerable attention owing to its great industrial usefulness in the soluble form and to its potential use in the immobilized form for production of glucose from starch maltodextrines. We have been especially interested in the production of immobilized glucoamylase that possesses high thermostability at 60 to 65°C. We believe that immobilized glucoamylase that has a half-life of about 3 to 4 weeks at 65°C could be considered a technologically feasible preparation with respect to thermostability. However, in spite of a great number of papers published on the immobilization of this enzyme, the half-life of most stable insoluble preparations at 65°C does not exceed 5 to 7 days (1,2). The question arises as to whether or not this value is characteristic of a certain limit of thermostability of glucoamylase. The answer to this question is important; because from both the theoretical and practical viewpoints it is very important to study the principles of thermostability of glucoamylase and to reveal possibilities for increasing the resistance of this enzyme to thermal action.
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 1986
This techno-economic study deals with the production of sugars and alcohols from cellulosic mater... more This techno-economic study deals with the production of sugars and alcohols from cellulosic materials. It covers such key subjects as: potential raw materials; the state-of-the-art on production technologies; the economics of extant processes; and finally infers implications for developing countries from the foregoing. It is clear that a large number of cellulose-, starch-, and sugarcontaining plants can be processed to produce sugars and alcohols. Sugar-containing plants such as sugarcane, sweet sorghum, and nipa palm are the best candidates for the high-yield production of alcohol fuel. Likewise, the starch-containing crops such as cassava, sweet potatoes, yams, taro, and tannia are good candidates, but require an additional step to break down starch to sugar. However, the emphasis of this report is on the major part of biomass containing cellulose and which, therefore, needs special treatment before it can be used to produce glucose and alcohols. To utilize cellulosic containing raw materials the following steps are necessary:
Biotechnology & Bioindustry, 1988
FEBS Letters, 1985
Actin has been shown to be a potent activator of the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose, its addit... more Actin has been shown to be a potent activator of the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose, its addition to the reaction mixture leading to an increase in the hydrolysis rate of up to 6-7 fold. The action of actin is directed primarily towards endoglucanases of cellulase complexes. The degree of activation varies in relation to the cellulases from different microbial sources. The activation of the enzymatic hydrolysis of an insoluble cellulose by actin does not affect the Michaelis constant but increases the maximum velocity of the reaction. Increasing the actin concentration leads to a linear increase in the activation effect which indicates a rather poor binding of actin with the cellulases under study.
ACS Symposium Series, 2006
A good drug is a target-specific drug; its users can expect high efficiency and few, if any, side... more A good drug is a target-specific drug; its users can expect high efficiency and few, if any, side effects. Target specificity also means recognition, and this is where carbohydrates come in. While many drugs contain carbohydrates as part of their molecules, other drugs-lacking carbohydrates covalently bound to their molecules-can be guided by them. Carbohydrates' value is that they provide a guidance mechanism for sick cells, enabling drugs to arrive there with precision and act properly. On the other hand, carbohydrates can provide a defense mechanism to sick or deadly cells, preventing a drug to act properly. This book covers, or, in some places, touches on-all these aspects of carbohydrates in drug design. It emerged from topics discussed at the symposium "Carbohydrate Drug Design" which was a part of 227 t h American Chemical Society meeting that ran from March 28 to April 1, 2004, in Anaheim, California. The reasons for organizing this symposium were to establish a new role for carbohydrates in concert with known drugs, taking into account newly acquired knowledge in the field, and to outline innovative ways of designing new drugs based on that knowledge. This chapter introduces the book's content in accordance with the following six categories, described below: 1. Carbohydrate drugs 2. Cancer and a combination carbohydrate-assisted chemotherapy 3. Carbohydrate-based HIV-1 vaccines 4. Polysaccharides and infections 5. Aminosugars 6. Computational studies 2
Seven thousand five hundred fifty-six (7556) haplotypes of 46 subclades in 17 major haplogroups w... more Seven thousand five hundred fifty-six (7556) haplotypes of 46 subclades in 17 major haplogroups were considered in terms of their base (ancestral) haplotypes and timespans to their common ancestors, for the purposes of designing of time-balanced haplogroup tree. It was found that African haplogroup A (originated 132,000 ± 12,000 years before present) is very remote time-wise from all other haplogroups, which have a separate common ancestor, named β-haplogroup, and originated 64,000 ± 6000 ybp. It includes a family of Europeoid (Caucasoid) haplogroups from F through T that originated 58,000 ± 5000 ybp. A downstream common ancestor for haplogroup A and β-haplogroup, coined the α-haplogroup emerged 160,000 ± 12,000 ybp. A territorial origin of haplogroups α-and β-remains unknown; however, the most likely origin for each of them is a vast triangle stretched from Central Europe in the west through the Russian Plain to the east and to Levant to the south. Haplogroup B is descended from β-haplogroup (and not from haplogroup A, from which it is very distant, and separated by as much as 123,000 years of "lateral" mutational evolution) likely migrated to Africa after 46,000 ybp. The finding that the Europeoid haplogroups did not descend from "African" haplogroups A or B is supported by the fact that bearers of the Europeoid haplogroups, as well as all non-African haplogroups do not carry either SNPs M91,
Microbial Degradation of Wood–Plastic Composite Materials and“Black Spots” on the Surface: Mold Resistance
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. eBooks, Jun 19, 2007
Water Absorption by Composite Materials and Related Effects
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. eBooks, Jun 19, 2007
ABSTRACT
Enzymatic Conversion of Cellulose to Glucose: Present State of the Art and Potential
Springer eBooks, 1980
The production of glucose from cellulosic materials seems to have a very promising future. Food, ... more The production of glucose from cellulosic materials seems to have a very promising future. Food, chemical, and microbiological industries need an inexpensive source of glucose; and there exists a continually renewable supply of cellulose in the world. Cellulose processing also is closely connected with the utilization of domestic, industrial, and agricultural wastes, in which cellulose containing materials constitute a considerable proportion.
Kinetics and mathematical model of hydrolysis and transglycosylation catalysed by cellobiase
Enzyme and microbial technology, Jun 1, 1984
ABSTRACT
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best ef... more Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifi cally disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fi tness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profi t or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic formats. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com.
Improving wood–polymer composite products
CRC Press eBooks, Jun 24, 2008
Study of active-center topography of penicillin amidase from Escherichia coli. 1. Kinetic analysis
Bioorganicheskaya Khimiya, 1977
Study of active center topography of penicillin amidase from Escherichia coli. 2. Role of hydrophobicity in specificity of enzyme inhibition
Bioorganicheskaya Khimiya, 1977
Enzymatic Conversion of Cellulose to Glucose: Kinetics, Mechanism and Applied Problems
FEBS Letters, Jul 22, 1985
Actin has been shown to be a potent activator of the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose, its addit... more Actin has been shown to be a potent activator of the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose, its addition to the reaction mixture leading to an increase in the hydrolysis rate of up to 6-7 fold. The action of actin is directed primarily towards endoglucanases of cellulase complexes. The degree of activation varies in relation to the cellulases from different microbial sources. The activation of the enzymatic hydrolysis of an insoluble cellulose by actin does not affect the Michaelis constant but increases the maximum velocity of the reaction. Increasing the actin concentration leads to a linear increase in the activation effect which indicates a rather poor binding of actin with the cellulases under study.
Enzyme and microbial technology, Jul 1, 1985
A generalized mechanistic model for the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is developed and expres... more A generalized mechanistic model for the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is developed and expressed mathematically. The model is based on Michaelis-Menten-type kinetics for concurrent random and endwise attack of the substrate involving end-product inhibitions and three types of enzymes: an endo-p-1,4glucanase, an exo-p-1 ,Cglucanase, and p-glucosidase. Basic parameters of the model which can explain synergistic and other effects observed experimentally are quantified and discussed. It is shown that cellulose degradation kinetics are expected to be strongly affected by the ratio of endo-to exocellulases in the reaction mixture as indicated by previous experimental data, and the substrate degree of polymerization, a factor not fully appreciated in previous studies, which appear to be overridingly important in many practical cases.
Acs Symposium Series, Jun 15, 2006
A good drug is a target-specific drug; its users can expect high efficiency and few, if any, side... more A good drug is a target-specific drug; its users can expect high efficiency and few, if any, side effects. Target specificity also means recognition, and this is where carbohydrates come in. While many drugs contain carbohydrates as part of their molecules, other drugs-lacking carbohydrates covalently bound to their molecules-can be guided by them. Carbohydrates' value is that they provide a guidance mechanism for sick cells, enabling drugs to arrive there with precision and act properly. On the other hand, carbohydrates can provide a defense mechanism to sick or deadly cells, preventing a drug to act properly. This book covers, or, in some places, touches on-all these aspects of carbohydrates in drug design. It emerged from topics discussed at the symposium "Carbohydrate Drug Design" which was a part of 227 t h American Chemical Society meeting that ran from March 28 to April 1, 2004, in Anaheim, California. The reasons for organizing this symposium were to establish a new role for carbohydrates in concert with known drugs, taking into account newly acquired knowledge in the field, and to outline innovative ways of designing new drugs based on that knowledge. This chapter introduces the book's content in accordance with the following six categories, described below: 1. Carbohydrate drugs 2. Cancer and a combination carbohydrate-assisted chemotherapy 3. Carbohydrate-based HIV-1 vaccines 4. Polysaccharides and infections 5. Aminosugars 6. Computational studies 2
The Comparative Role of Exoglucosidase and Cellobiase in Glucose Formation from Cellulose
Springer eBooks, 1980
In the last few years, the Laboratory of Chemical Enzymology in Moscow State University has been ... more In the last few years, the Laboratory of Chemical Enzymology in Moscow State University has been conducting intensive studies of kinetics and mechanisms of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic materials. Among the problems that ought to be resolved within the framework of this research program (1,2) is the role of the individual components of cellulase complexes from various sources in hydrolysis of soluble and insoluble cellulase derivatives. The aim of this contribution is to present some of our ideas and results on the comparative role of exo-1,4-β-glucosidase and cellobiase in glucose formation from cellulose in the presence of other cellulase components.
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Papers by Anatole Klyosov