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From Chewing to Sucking via Phylogeny—From Sucking to Chewing via Ontogeny: Mouthparts of Neuroptera

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Insect Mouthparts

Part of the book series: Zoological Monographs ((ZM,volume 5))

Abstract

The Neuroptera are highly heterogeneous endopterygote insects. While their relatives Megaloptera and Raphidioptera have biting mouthparts also in their larval stage, the larvae of Neuroptera are characterized by conspicuous sucking jaws that are used to imbibe fluids, mostly the haemolymph of prey. They comprise a mandibular and a maxillary part and can be curved or straight, long or short. In the pupal stages, a transformation from the larval sucking to adult biting and chewing mouthparts takes place. The development during metamorphosis indicates that the larval maxillary stylet contains the Anlagen of different parts of the adult maxilla and that the larval mandibular stylet is a lateral outgrowth of the mandible. The mouthparts of extant adult Neuroptera are of the biting and chewing functional type, whereas from the Mesozoic era forms with siphonate mouthparts are also known. Various food sources are used in larvae and in particular in adult Neuroptera. Morphological adaptations of the mouthparts of adult Neuroptera to the feeding on honeydew, pollen and arthropods are described in several examples. New hypotheses on the diet of adult Nevrorthidae and Dilaridae are presented.

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Acknowledgements

We sincerely thank Brian Metscher (University of Vienna) for providing microCT scans which have proved to be helpful ever since. We are grateful to Peter Duelli (Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt Birmensdorf), Heiko Bellmann (†), Harald Krenn (University of Vienna) and Vladimir Makarkin (Russian Academy of Sciences Vladivostok) for making their photographs and images available to us. The excellent histological sections in Fig. 11.11 were made by Barbara Schädl (Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Vienna).

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  1. 2nd Zoological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, Austria

    Dominique Zimmermann, Susanne Randolf & Ulrike Aspöck

  2. Department of Integrative Zoology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

    Ulrike Aspöck

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  1. Dominique Zimmermann
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Correspondence to Dominique Zimmermann .

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  1. Department of Integrative Zoology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

    Harald W. Krenn

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Zimmermann, D., Randolf, S., Aspöck, U. (2019). From Chewing to Sucking via Phylogeny—From Sucking to Chewing via Ontogeny: Mouthparts of Neuroptera. In: Krenn, H. (eds) Insect Mouthparts. Zoological Monographs, vol 5. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29654-4_11

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