Table 1 Theoretical categories and subcategories
From: Toward a Framework for Islamic Psychology and Psychotherapy: An Islamic Model of the Soul
Main categories | Subcategories |
|---|---|
Nature of the soul | Concept of fitrah |
Fitrah exists underneath the projected self | |
Being out of alignment with fitrah | |
Dunya as distraction | |
Fitrah as internal compass—realignment | |
Structure of the soul | Distinct features of the soul |
Soul as whole—integrated nature of the soul | |
Nafs (lower self) | |
Qalb (heart) | |
Aql (intellect) | |
Ruh (spirit) | |
Stages of the soul | Changing nature/fluctuation of the nafs |
Nafs al amara bil su | |
Nafs al lawwama | |
Nafs al mutmainah | |
Development of the soul | The human project of development |
Tazkiyat an nafs (purification of the soul) | |
Jihad an nafs (struggle of the soul) | |
Tahdhib al akhlaq (refinement of character) | |
Need for moral reform | |
Muhlikat and munjiyat (vices and virtues) |