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Standing Litter Modifies Top-Down Effects of Large Herbivores on a Grassland Plant Community
Large herbivores can exert pronounced top-down effects on plant communities in grassland ecosystems. Previous studies highlighted the importance of...
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Continent-wide synthesis of the long-term population dynamics of quaking aspen in the face of accelerating human impacts
In recent decades, climate change has disrupted forest functioning by promoting large-scale mortality events, declines in productivity and reduced...
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Shrubs as ecosystem engineers across an environmental gradient: effects on species richness and exotic plant invasion
Ecosystem-engineering plants modify the physical environment and can increase species diversity and exotic species invasion. At the individual level,...
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Responses to invasion and invader removal differ between native and exotic plant groups in a coastal dune
The spread of exotic, invasive species is a global phenomenon that is recognized as a major source of environmental change. Although many studies...
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Biodiversity and Ecosystem Processes in Tropical Forests
Although biologists have directed much attention to estimating the extent and causes of species losses, the consequences for ecosystem functioning...
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Population genetic diversity and structure of two rare vernal pool grasses in central California
Vernal pool ecosystems are declining throughout California, with only 10% of historic habitat remaining. This has endangered many specialist endemic...
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Community-level consequences of invasion: impacts of exotic clonal plants on riparian vegetation
Biological invasions by exotic species are occurring at exceptional rates and spatial scales worldwide and are increasingly recognized as key forms...
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Temporal Changes in Native and Exotic Vegetation and Soil Characteristics following Disturbances by Feral Pigs in a California Grassland
Invasive species that increase prevailing disturbance regimes can profoundly alter the composition and structure of ecosystems they invade. Using...
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Influence of herbivores on a perennial plant: variation with life history stage and herbivore species
Herbivores have diverse impacts on their host plants, potentially altering survival, growth, fecundity, and other aspects of plant performance....
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Geographic and taxonomic distribution of a positive interaction: ant-tended homopterans indirectly benefit figs across southern Africa
Although species pairs and assemblages often occur across geographic regions, ecologists know very little about the outcome of their interactions on...
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Synthesis
The preceding chapters discuss some important patterns in relationships between tropical forest biodiversity and ecosystem processes. They also show...
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Introduction
Living organisms on Earth are being subjected to massive disruptions in the form of wholesale exchanges of species among regions, introduction of...
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Ecosystem-Level Consequences of Species Additions and Deletions on Islands
Human activities are changing natural communities and ecosystems at unprecedented rates and spatial scales. Two of the most alarming of these...
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Estimating female reproductive success of a threatened butterfly: influence of emergence time and hostplant phenology
We estimated lifetime reproductive success of Euphydryas editha bayensis (Nymphalidae), a federally listed threatened butterfly, based on...
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Latitudinal patterns in European ant assemblages: variation in species richness and body size
Using published distributions of 65 species from the British Isles and northern Europe, we show that ant assemblages change with latitude in two...
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Impact of pocket gopher disturbance on plant species diversity in a shortgrass prairie community
We examined the impact of pocket gopher disturbances on the dynamics of a shortgrass prairie community. Through their burrowing activity, pocket...
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Intra- and interspecific competition for mutualists: ants as a limited and limiting resource for aphids
We present two years of experimental and descriptive data which support the hypothesis that fireweed aphids ( Aphis varians ) compete with intra-and...
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Density- and size-dependent spacing of ant nests: evidence for intraspecific competition
We present three lines of evidence which each suggest that intraspecific competition has significantly influenced the spacing patterns of Formica...