HADES RV Programme with HARPS-N at TNG-VI. GJ 3942 b behind dominant activity signals

M Perger, I Ribas, M Damasso, JC Morales… - Astronomy & …, 2017 - aanda.org
M Perger, I Ribas, M Damasso, JC Morales, L Affer, AS Mascareño, G Micela, J Maldonado…
Astronomy & Astrophysics, 2017aanda.org
Context. Short-to mid-term magnetic phenomena on the stellar surface of M-type stars can
resemble the effects of planets in radial velocity data, and may also hide them. Aims. We
analyze 145 spectroscopic HARPS-N observations of GJ 3942 taken over the past five years
and additional photometry in order to disentangle stellar activity effects from genuine
Doppler signals as a result of the orbital motion of the star around the common barycenter
with its planet. Methods. To achieve this, we use the common methods of pre-whitening, and …
Context
Short- to mid-term magnetic phenomena on the stellar surface of M-type stars can resemble the effects of planets in radial velocity data, and may also hide them.
Aims
We analyze 145 spectroscopic HARPS-N observations of GJ 3942 taken over the past five years and additional photometry in order to disentangle stellar activity effects from genuine Doppler signals as a result of the orbital motion of the star around the common barycenter with its planet.
Methods
To achieve this, we use the common methods of pre-whitening, and treat the correlated red noise by a first-order moving average term and by Gaussian-process regression following an MCMC analysis.
Results
We identify the rotational period of the star at 16.3 days and discover a new super-Earth, GJ 3942 b, with an orbital period of 6.9 days and a minimum mass of 7.1 M. An additional signal in the periodogram of the residuals is present, but at this point we cannot claim with sufficient significance that it is related to a second planet. If confirmed, this planet candidate would have a minimum mass of 6.3 M and a period of 10.4 days, which might indicate a 3:2 mean-motion resonance with the inner planet.
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