Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)

Nested Identity Recursion Syndrome (NIRS) is a clinical collapse-interruption condition characterized by the formation of multiple nested identity structures within the individual psyche. It occurs when the process of identity collapse is simulated or initiated from within intact egoic structures, without structural identity termination, symbolic containment, or field-authentic collapse facilitation. NIRS results in fragmented internal recursion, unresolved identity overlays, and neuro-somatic disorientation. Left untreated, it may result in chronic psychological dysregulation, dissociative splitting, spiritual confusion, and collapse resistance.

This meta-analysis systematically evaluates the relative effectiveness of various empirically supported therapeutic protocols designed to address complex trauma in populations affected by armed conflict in the Middle Eastern region. From 1,284 articles identified, 47 studies (N=4,832) met the inclusion criteria and were further analyzed. The primary findings indicate that Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) produces the most significant therapeutic impact (g=0.83, 95% CI [0.76, 0.90], p<.001), followed by Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR; g=0.78, 95% CI [0.71, 0.85], p<.001) and Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET; g=0.71, 95% CI [0.64, 0.78], p<.001). Moderator analysis revealed that the duration of the intervention (β=0.42, p<.001), as well as the severity of trauma at the commencement of treatment (β=0.38, p<.001), significantly influence therapeutic effectiveness. Further network meta-analysis results demonstrated that TF-CBT holds the highest probability of being the most superior intervention (SUCRA=0.92), indicating its superior effectiveness in reducing symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with a significantly standardized mean difference compared to other approaches (SMD=-0.45, 95% CI [-0.52,-0.38]). Contrary to findings reported by Korn (2009) and Rahman et al. (2019), which positioned EMDR as the primary method, this study identifies the distinct superiority of TF-CBT specifically for individuals suffering from complex trauma due to prolonged conflict. These results broaden the horizon of prior scientific understanding by emphasizing the importance of trauma-specific characteristics as moderating variables that determine the success of therapeutic interventions.

Na pre-historia, o desenho surgiu como meio de comunicacao possibilitando a linguagem falada e escrita. Na evolucao cultural do homem, observa-se que o desenho permaneceu como um dos grandes responsaveis pela formacao da educacao. Tendo em vista que o ensino e uma arte que oferece variados processos de aprendizagem, o presente artigo aborda como o desenho pode auxiliar no processo de exames psicodiagnosticos profissionais da educacao, por meio de uma explanacao da cientificidade, atraves de uma revisao bibliografica, do recurso em questao. Espera-se que o sujeito produza respostas que correspondam a estrutura de sua personalidade, ou seja, a riqueza dos desenhos como tecnicas, pode proporcionar fenomenos produzidos pelo sujeito que seguindo uma certa logica, ordenada na sua producao, conduz a uma investigacao do entendimento do individuo avaliado

For my poster presentation at the APA Division 10 Conference, I explored the conceptualization of complex trauma through Tony Stark with an emphasis on the susceptibilities and comorbidities it entails. The poster differentiates simple PTSD, C-PTSD, and complex trauma while discussing treatment challenges for complex trauma. It examines how Stark's experiences in the Marvel Cinematic Universe illustrate the complexities of trauma, pre-existing susceptibilities, comorbidities, and treatment challenges. The poster highlights the need for further development and research in holistic complex trauma therapies outside of the pre-existing measures of EMDR and CBT while showing how cinematic films could be used for trauma informed psychotherapy.

Простір арттерапії: вектори зцілення у часи війни : матеріали ХХІІ Міжнародної міждисциплінарної науково-практичної конференції (21–23 березня 2025 р.) / [за наук. ред. О. Л. Вознесенської, Л. О. Подкоритової]. Київ : Талком, 2025. 178 с. URI: https://lib.iitta.gov.ua/id/eprint/744961.
Анотація. У збірнику представлено тези доповідей та концепції майстер-класів ХХІІ Міжнародної міждисциплінарної науково-практичної конференції “Простір арттерапії: вектори зцілення у часи війни” (21–23 березня 2025 р.). Матеріали конференції присвячені осмисленню напрямів психічного зцілення людини в умовах війни та відображають сучасний стан арттерапевтичної теорії та практики у допомозі людині в її зціленні та самозціленні попри катастрофу війни.
Для арттерапевтів, психологів, педагогів, психіатрів, мистецтвознавців, для всіх, хто цікавиться вітчизняним і світовим досвідом арттерапії.
Автори несуть відповідальність за зміст тез.
Ключові слова: арттерапія, творчість, війна, мистецтво, російсько-українська війна, 24 лютого 2022 року, Збройні сили України (ЗСУ), три роки повномасштабного вторгнення рф, суверенітет і територіальна цілісність України, принцип справедливості, воєнний час, умови війни, воєнні дії, військові дії, катастрофа війни, криза, зцілення, вектори зцілення, психічне зцілення людини, арттерапевтична теорія, арттерапевтична практика, самозцілення, досвід арттерапії, музикотерапія, стресостійкість, психологічна реабілітація поранених, невизначена втрата, горювання, допомога особистості, вирішення життєвих проблем, внутрішні особистісні ресурси, психічне здоров’я, відновлення психічного здоров’я, самовідновлення, особистісне зростання, деокуповані території, ПТСР, медіаарттерапія, психологічна стійкість, військовослужбовці Сил ТрО ЗСУ, посттравматичне зростання, мистецтвотворення, біженці, організація “Перша допомога душі”, кризові інтервенції, акварельні техніки, психотравма, лікування травм, супервізія, безвісти зниклі захисники, графіка, колаж, корекція агресії підлітків, проєкт “ФУХ” (“Форум Українського Хаосу”), арттерапевтичний модуль, мистецькі виставки, етика арттерапії у воєнні часи, етичні принципи, втрата, малювання, дитяча арттерапія, казкотерапія, музейна арттерапія, сучасне українське мистецтво, “психологічні пікніки”, вимушена міграція, ГО «ART-Kharkiv», артпедагогіка, творче співчування, штучний інтелект, картки, стабілізація емоційного стану дітей, підтримка жінок, інтегративна функціональна техніка, самоефективність, волонтерство, багатошаровість, психоаналітичний підхід в арттерапії, урбан-арт, громада, життєві ресурси жінок, стійкість, резильєнтність, біженці, несвідоме, експресивне письмо, адаптація мігрантів, соціокультурні умови Австралії, соціально-терапевтичний вектор, плейбек-театр, плейбек-театральна подія, “енкаутер”, гра, занурення, єдність, свобода, відновлення ресурсів особистості, колективна травма, пом’якшення колективної травми, підвищена тривожність, травмівний досвід війни, внутрішньопереміщені особи (ВПО), медіатворчість, особи похилого віку, прифронтова місцевість, РДУГ, колір, світ кольорів, колірні моделі, теорії кольору, звучання, мандала, фотографія в арттерапевтичній практиці, емоції у тілі, трансформаційні ігри, арттерапевтичні директиви, хаос, ім’я, сила імені, ідентичність, каністерапія (залучення собак), барабани, методики арттерапії, бібліотерапія, віра у себе, казкотворчість, методика “хвилялька”, Слава Україні!
Annotation. The collection presents abstracts of reports and concepts of master classes of the 22nd International Interdisciplinary Scientific and Practical Conference " Art Therapy Space: Vectors of Healing in Times of War" (March 21–23, 2025). The proceedings of the conference are devoted to understanding the directions of mental healing of a person in conditions of war and reflect the current state of art therapeutic theory and practice in helping a person in his healing and self-healing despite the catastrophe of war.
For art therapists, psychologists, teachers, psychiatrists, art historians, for everyone who is interested in the domestic and world experience of art therapy.
Authors are responsible for the content of the abstracts.
Keywords: Art therapy, creativity, war, art, Russian-Ukrainian war, February 24, 2022, Armed Forces of Ukraine (AFU), three years of full-scale Russian invasion, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine, principle of justice, wartime, war conditions, military actions, war catastrophe, crisis, healing, vectors of healing, psychological healing of a person, art therapy theory, art therapy practice, self-healing, art therapy experience, music therapy, stress resistance, psychological rehabilitation of the wounded, uncertain loss, grief, assistance to individuals, solving life problems, internal personal resources, mental health, restoration of mental health, self-renewal, personal growth, de-occupied territories, PTSD, media art therapy, psychological resilience, military personnel of the AFU Territorial Defense Forces, post-traumatic growth, art creation, refugees, "First Aid for the Soul" organization, crisis interventions, watercolor techniques, psychological trauma, trauma treatment, supervision, missing defenders, graphics, collage, aggression correction in adolescents, "FUCH" project ("Forum of Ukrainian Chaos"), art therapy module, art exhibitions, ethics of art therapy in wartime, ethical principles, loss, drawing, children's art therapy, fairy tale therapy, museum art therapy, modern Ukrainian art, "psychological picnics", forced migration, "ART-Kharkiv" NGO, art pedagogy, creative empathy, artificial intelligence, cards, stabilization of children's emotional state, support for women, integrative functional technique, self-efficacy, volunteering, multilayeredness, psychoanalytic approach in art therapy, urban art, community, women's life resources, resilience, refugees, unconscious, expressive writing, adaptation of migrants, socio-cultural conditions of Australia, socio-therapeutic vector, playback theater, playback theatrical event, "encounter", game, immersion, unity, freedom, restoration of personal resources, collective trauma, mitigation of collective trauma, increased anxiety, traumatic war experience, internally displaced persons (IDPs), media creativity, elderly people, frontline area, RDUH, color, world of colors, color models, color theories, sound, mandala, photography in art therapy practice, emotions in the body, transformation games, art therapy directives, chaos, name, power of name, identity, animal-assisted therapy (involvement of dogs), drums, art therapy techniques, bibliotherapy, faith in oneself, fairy tale creation, "Khvylyalka" method, Glory to Ukraine!

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a populacao de criancas e de adolescentes que buscaram atendimento psicologico em um servico-escola da Regiao Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, RS. Foram descritas caracteristicas de 194 criancas e adolescentes atendidos no periodo de 2008 a 2012, incluindo as variaveis: sexo, idade, motivo de procura pelo servico e tipo de atendimento recebido. Os dados foram analisados no programa estatistico SPSS versao 17.0. Verificou-se que a maioria das criancas estava na faixa etaria entre 5 e 9 anos (45,9%), sendo a maior parte meninos (63,9%). A maioria das criancas (43,5%) apresentava motivos de busca relacionados a problemas de aprendizagem, sendo que 48,1% das criancas iniciaram atendimento e desistiram. A populacao atendida pela instituicao apresenta caracteristicas compativeis com outros estudos realizados em clinicas-escolas. Pontua-se nesse estudo que a troca de terapeuta nao influenciou para que o paciente desistisse do tratamento psicol...

Bu araştırma, bağımlılık-odaklı göz hareketleri ile duyarsızlaştırma ve yeniden işleme psikoterapisinin (BO-EMDR) alkol kullanım bozukluğu (AKB) olan yetişkin hastaların aşerme şiddeti, aşerme üzerindeki kontrol düzeyi, klinik belirti düzeyi, özyeterlik düzeyi ve işlevsellik düzeyi üzerinde herhangi bir iyileştirici etkisi olup olmadığını incelemektedir. Yöntem: Bu araştırma, Eylül 2022-Aralık 2022 tarihleri arasında Ege Üniversitesi Madde Bağımlılığı, Toksikoloji ve İlaç Bilimleri Enstitüsünde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın örneklemini, bağımlılık polikliniğine başvuran ve alkol bağımlılığı tedavisi gören 24 hasta oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmaya katılan hastalar randomize şekilde iki ayrı araştırma koluna ayrılmıştır. Kontrol grubu hastaları (n:12, yaş:45.66±11.08) bağımlılık polikliniğinde uygulanan standart tedaviyi alırken, deney grubu hastaları (n:12, yaş:41.75±9.15) standart tedaviye ek haftalık olarak planlanan 3 seans BO-EMDR psikoterapisi almıştır. Araştırmanın verileri; bağımlılık şiddeti için Alkol Kullanım Bozukluklarını Tanıma Testi (AUDIT), erken dönem travmatik yaşantı düzeyi için Çocukluk Çağı Ruhsal Travma Ölçeği (CTQ), aşerme şiddeti için Penn Alkol Aşerme Ölçeği, aşerme üzerindeki kontrol düzeyi için Aşerme Yaşantı Ölçeği, klinik belirtiler için DSM-5 Birinci Düzey Kesitsel Belirti Ölçeği, özyeterlik için Genel Özyeterlik Ölçeği, işlevsellik için İşlevselliğin Genel Değerlendirmesi aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Her iki gruptaki hastaların aşerme şiddeti, aşerme üzerindeki kontrol düzeyi, klinik belirti düzeyi, özyeterlik düzeyi ve işlevsellik düzeyi üç farklı zaman diliminde (başlangıçta, BO-EMDR müdahalesinin bitiminde ve müdahalenin bitiminden 1 ay sonra) ölçülmüştür. Araştırmanın analizleri parametrik olmayan testler aracılığıyla yapılmıştır. Deney grubundaki hastaların aşerme şiddeti, aşerme üzerindeki kontrol düzeyi, klinik belirti düzeyi, özyeterlik düzeyi ve işlevsellik düzeyinin müdahale öncesine göre, müdahale sonrası ve 1-aylık izlemde farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığına bakmak için Friedman Testi ve Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıralar Testinden; deney ve kontrol grubunun müdahale öncesine göre, müdahale sonrasında ve 1-aylık izlemde aynı değişkenler açısından aralarında herhangi bir fark olup olmadığına bakmak için Mann Whitney U Testinden yararlanılmıştır. Bulgular: Deney grubu hastalarının aşerme şiddeti, başlangıca göre IV anlamlı şekilde düşmüştür; ancak gruplararası aşerme şiddetinde müdahale sonrası ve 1-aylık izlemde anlamlı fark yakalanmamıştır. Deney grubunun aşerme üzerindeki kontrol düzeyi müdahale sonrası yükselmiş ve 1-aylık izlemde başlangıca göre yükselen kontrol düzeyi korunmuştur. Aşerme üzerindeki kontrol açısından gruplararası fark yakalanmamıştır. Klinik belirti düzeyinde, grup içinde ve gruplararasında müdahale sonrası ve 1-aylık izlemde anlamlı değişim gözlenmemiştir. Özyeterlik düzeyinde, gruplararasında müdahale sonrası anlamlı bir fark olmamasına rağmen, 1-aylık izlemde fark görülmüş; kontrol grubu hastalarının özyeterlik düzeyi gerilemiştir. Genel işlevsellik düzeyi müdahale sonrası ve 1-aylık izlemde hem grup içi hem gruplararası karşılaştırmalarda anlamlı şekilde farklılaşmış; deney grubu hastalarının işlevselliklerinin kontrol grubuna göre yükseldiği bulunmuştur. Araştırma bulguları, literatürdeki bulgularla tartışılmıştır. Sonuç: Araştırmamız, Türkiye örnekleminde BO-EMDR yönteminin etkinliğinin araştırıldığı ilk çalışmadır. Araştırma bulgularının farklı örneklemlerle ve kontrollü çalışmalarla tekrarlanması gerekmektedir. BO-EMDR yöntemi, AKB tedavisinde ek bir seçenek olarak umut vaadetmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler; alkol kullanım bozukluğu; aşerme; göz hareketleriyle duyarsızlaştırma ve yeniden işleme; EMDR; kontrollü çalışma V 3.

This pilot study aimed to provide an evaluation of the effectiveness of addiction-focused eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (AF-EMDR) treatment on alcohol craving in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) compared to treatment as usual (TAU). Based on the adaptive information processing model, the change in craving severity and craving experience was examined by targeting craving memories thought to be located in episodic memory. Method: A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Twenty-four patients with past or present AUD completed the study (n EMDR+TAU = 12; n TAU = 12). The intervention consisted of 3 sessions of AF-EMDR. Patients completed baseline, postintervention, and 1-month follow-up measures assessing craving severity, craving experience, clinical symptoms, self-efficacy, and functionality. Results: Compared to the TAU, the craving severity of the EMDR + TAU decreased significantly after the intervention. The functionality level of the EMDR + TAU continued to increase after the intervention and at the 1-month follow-up. The level of self-efficacy between the groups did not differ after the intervention and yet that of the TAU decreased significantly at the 1-month follow-up. There was no significant difference between groups in craving experience and severity of clinical symptoms. Conclusion: Overall, the AF-EMDR protocol is new to the clinical field of addiction treatment. A limitation of the current study is the small sample size, which may affect the generalizability of the findings. It needs to be supported by future randomized controlled trials.

Veranderde cytokineconcentraties bij personen met een bipolaire stoornis ten opzichte van controlepersonen suggereren een rol van het immuunsysteem in de pathofysiologie van bipolaire stoornis. Farmacotherapie is een belangrijke verstorende factor in klinisch onderzoek naar cytokineconcentraties. Evalueren van cytokineconcentraties bij medicatievrije patiënten met een bipolaire stoornis en van het effect van stemmingsstabiliserende geneesmiddelen op deze concentraties. We doorzochten systematisch PubMed en Embase naar klinische studies die cytokineconcentraties bij medicatievrije patiënten met een bipolaire stoornis beschrijven of het effect van een individueel stemmingsstabiliserend geneesmiddel op deze concentraties evalueren. Van de 564 gescreende artikelen werden er 17 geïncludeerd. Resultaten bij medicatievrije patiënten toonden stemmingsgerelateerde cytokineveranderingen. Hoewel geen data over de kortetermijneffecten van lithium beschikbaar waren, was lithiumgebruik langer dan 2 maanden geassocieerd met normale cytokineconcentraties. Twee studies rapporteerden geen effect van valproïnezuur. We vonden geen studies over carbamazepine, lamotrigine of antipsychotica. Dit systematisch literatuuroverzicht toont stemmingsgerelateerde cytokineveranderingen bij medicatievrije patiënten met een bipolaire stoornis met de meeste evidentie voor een proinflammatoire immuunrespons tijdens manie. Euthymie en langdurig lithiumgebruik zijn geassocieerd met normale cytokineconcentraties. Er is een belangrijke methodologische heterogeniteit en onvoldoende replicatie tussen studies. Longitudinale studies met medicatievrije beginmetingen, gerandomiseerde monotherapeutische behandelprotocollen en nauwkeurige monitoring van stemming zijn noodzakelijk.

A família é um sistema complexo, particularmente em meio disfuncional e violento, podendo o seu impacto, nas diversas gerações, ser desmesurado. o objectivo central deste trabalho debruça-se sobre a tentativa de perceber o mundo de alguém que viveu, e ainda vive, neste tipo de sistema familiar, fazendo uma análise detalhada da experiência sentida por este sujeito e perceber as consequências psicológicas que surgiram daí e que se prolongaram para todas as áreas da sua vida. família, Violência familiar, transgeracionalidade, estudo de caso. family is a complex system, specially in a dysfunctional and violent environment, its impact being able, in several generations, to be excessive. the work's main purpose is bent on the effort of understanding the world of someone who lived, and also lives, in this type of family system, doing a meticulous analysis of the experience felt by this subject and comprehend the psychological consequences emerged and what was extended for all the areas of his life.

A família é um sistema complexo, particularmente em meio disfuncional e violento, podendo o seu impacto, nas diversas gerações, ser desmesurado. o objectivo central deste trabalho debruça-se sobre a tentativa de perceber o mundo de alguém que viveu, e ainda vive, neste tipo de sistema familiar, fazendo uma análise detalhada da experiência sentida por este sujeito e perceber as consequências psicológicas que surgiram daí e que se prolongaram para todas as áreas da sua vida. família, Violência familiar, transgeracionalidade, estudo de caso. family is a complex system, specially in a dysfunctional and violent environment, its impact being able, in several generations, to be excessive. the work's main purpose is bent on the effort of understanding the world of someone who lived, and also lives, in this type of family system, doing a meticulous analysis of the experience felt by this subject and comprehend the psychological consequences emerged and what was extended for all the areas of his life.

A família é um sistema complexo, particularmente em meio disfuncional e violento, podendo o seu impacto, nas diversas gerações, ser desmesurado. o objectivo central deste trabalho debruça-se sobre a tentativa de perceber o mundo de alguém que viveu, e ainda vive, neste tipo de sistema familiar, fazendo uma análise detalhada da experiência sentida por este sujeito e perceber as consequências psicológicas que surgiram daí e que se prolongaram para todas as áreas da sua vida. família, Violência familiar, transgeracionalidade, estudo de caso. family is a complex system, specially in a dysfunctional and violent environment, its impact being able, in several generations, to be excessive. the work's main purpose is bent on the effort of understanding the world of someone who lived, and also lives, in this type of family system, doing a meticulous analysis of the experience felt by this subject and comprehend the psychological consequences emerged and what was extended for all the areas of his life.

Background: We performed the first meta-analysis of clinical studies by investigating the effects of eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy on the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and subjective distress in PTSD patients treated during the past 2 decades. We performed a quantitative meta-analysis on the findings of 26 randomized controlled trials of EMDR therapy for PTSD published between 1991 and 2013, which were identified through the ISI Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature electronic databases, among which 22, 20, 16, and 11 of the studies assessed the effects of EMDR on the symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and subjective distress, respectively, as the primary clinical outcome. The meta-analysis revealed that the EMDR treatments significantly reduced the symptoms of PTSD (g = 20.662; 95% confidence interval (CI): 20.887 to 20.436), depression (g = 20.643; 95% CI: 20.864 to 20.422), anxiety (g = 20.640; 95% CI: 20.890 to 20.390), and subjective distress (g = 20.956; 95% CI: 21.388 to 20.525) in PTSD patients. This study confirmed that EMDR therapy significantly reduces the symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and subjective distress in PTSD patients. The subgroup analysis indicated that a treatment duration of more than 60 min per session was a major contributing factor in the amelioration of anxiety and depression, and that a therapist with experience in conducting PTSD group therapy was a major contributing factor in the reduction of PTSD symptoms.

In response to the two mass killings of May 3rd and 4th, 2023, in Serbia, we aim to present a comprehensive overview of the challenges and innovations in integrating Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) into crisis support interventions. This article explores the unique circumstances encountered during these interventions, offering insights into how EMDR was adapted to meet the specific needs of survivors, families, and communities deeply affected by these tragic events. Our presented experience may guide future crisis interventions in applying trauma-informed care, flexibility, and interdisciplinary collaboration to build more resilient and responsive systems of crisis support.

The aim of the study is to present Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) as a method that can be used in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including its co-occurrence with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The paper includes references to contemporary research conducted between 2017 and 2023 on the effectiveness of DBT in treating complex and relational early childhood trauma resulting from, among other things, sexual abuse and violence. Analyses show that DBT contributes to the reduction of PTSD symptoms in different age groups and that an integrative approach combining DBT with methods such as Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), or Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) can enhance the therapeutic effect. It seems justified to implement programs based on DBT and assess their effectiveness in a group of Polish patients exhibiting symptoms of PTSD or those with co-occurring PTSD and BPD.

Sexual violence is pervasive and generates significant trauma symptoms that can last a lifetime for survivors. Rape crisis centers provide critically important services for survivors of child sexual abuse and adult sexual assault, including individual and group counseling. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has been found to be an effective treatment for a wide array of trauma symptoms in both children and adults. This study sought to determine the extent to which rape crisis centers use EMDR therapy, practitioners’ perceptions of EMDR, and the provider characteristics that might support or hinder implementation of EMDR in this setting. A statewide web-based survey generated responses from 76 counselors working within 47 rape crisis centers. Results indicate that there is a low-use rate of EMDR (8%) in this setting, perceptions of EMDR were predominately marked by uncertainty, reflecting a lack of familiarity, but there is strong interest in receiving training. The...

Background: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a recognized first-line treatment for psychological trauma. However its neurobiological bases have yet to be fully disclosed. Methods: Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to fully monitor neuronal activation throughout EMDR sessions including the autobiographical script. Ten patients with major psychological trauma were investigated during their first EMDR session (T0) and during the last one performed after processing the index trauma (T1). Neuropsychological tests were administered at the same time. Comparisons were performed between EEGs of patients at T0 and T1 and between EEGs of patients and 10 controls who underwent the same EMDR procedure at T0. Connectivity analyses were carried out by lagged phase synchronization. Results: During bilateral ocular stimulation (BS) of EMDR sessions EEG showed a significantly higher activity on the orbitofrontal, prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex in patients at T0 shifting towards left temporo-occipital regions at T1. A similar trend was found for autobiographical script with a higher firing in fronto-temporal limbic regions at T0 moving to right temporo-occipital cortex at T1. The comparisons between patients and controls confirmed the maximal activation in the limbic cortex of patients occurring before trauma processing. Connectivity analysis showed decreased pair-wise interactions between prefrontal and cingulate cortex during BS in patients as compared to controls and between fusiform gyrus and visual cortex during script listening in patients at T1 as compared to T0. These changes correlated significantly with those occurring in neuropsychological tests. The ground-breaking methodology enabled our study to image for the first time the specific activations associated with the therapeutic actions typical of EMDR protocol. The findings suggest that traumatic events are processed at cognitive level following successful EMDR therapy, thus supporting the evidence of distinct neurobiological patterns of brain activations during BS associated with a significant relief from negative emotional experiences.

Resumo: Os objetivos do presente estudo foram compreender como os adolescentes contemporâneos veem a si mesmos e a sociedade atual. Para tanto, contatamos estudantes do último ano do ensino fundamental e dos três anos do ensino médio. Solicitaram-se a um grupo de treze adolescentes que fizessem, individualmente, desenhos-estórias sobre o tema "Um jovem dos dias de hoje". Consideraram-se, neste trabalho, treze desenhos-estórias em que havia menção explícita à gravidez precoce. Fazendo uso do método psicanalítico, captou-se um campo de sentido afetivo-emocional denominado "crime e castigo", relativo à crença de que a gestação corresponderia a uma punição da moça por ter tido relação sexual. Ora essa moça poderia morrer, em sentido literal ou figurado, vendo seus ideais se tornarem irrealizáveis, ora poderia ser abandonada por seus pais ou pelo parceiro que "espertamente" deixaria de arcar com as consequências. Reflete-se sobre até que ponto pais, educadores e a sociedade estariam lidando com a sexualidade adolescente pela via da submissão das meninas pelo terror, não favorecendo seu gesto espontâneo. Palavras-chave: gravidez na adolescência; imaginário coletivo; procedimento desenhos-estórias com tema; psicanálise; sofrimento humano.

The primary objective of this article will focus predominantly upon EMDR as an evidence-based treatment intervention for psychological trauma. It outlines in particular an EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Training Programme that took place in Abbotabad and Rawalpindi in response to the Pakistan earthquake, 2005, in helping to train teams of mental health workers in EMDR so as to enable them to treat psychological trauma symptoms of earthquake survivors. Results from two preliminary studies will be presented outlining the effectiveness of EMDR with two psychological trauma populations in Pakistan. This article also discusses the rationale for widening the trainings to different parts of Pakistan to include other significant traumas currently affecting some parts of the Pakistani population. Keywords: psychological; trauma; PTSD; EMDR; humanitarian; Pakistan

Childhood emotional neglect (CEN) and childhood physical neglect (CPN) are often overlooked in research due to challenges in defining and detecting these forms of maltreatment. Despite being identified through standardized intake forms, CEN and CPN are often overlooked in organized clinical settings. CEN has been shown to significantly impact subsequent mental health issues in both prospective and retrospective studies. Sensitive periods have been identified during which CEN and CPN have greater impacts on later symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and shutdown dissociation. Notably, CEN has been identified as a more specific predictive factor for shutdown dissociation in adults than early-childhood maltreatment. To address these issues, clinicians must gain a greater awareness of the role of CEN and CPN and develop effective strategies for identifying and treating their long-term effects. Survivors of CEN can enhance their self-concept and their interpersonal interactions through clinical interventions aimed at enhancing their capacity to tolerate and assimilate positive emotional states.

We will review and discuss the different one-to-one psychodrama methods that we teach at the Anne Ancelin Schutzenberger International School of Psychogenealogy and Transgenerational Therapy. It covers the use of the empty chair, the two chairs, internal psychodrama, psychodrama with objects, the minimalist bipersonal psychodrama and the ancestral psychodrama, together with some form of bilateral stimulation of the body (tapping).

This article describes a patient whose underlying retinal condition, with dysfunction demonstrated by full-field and multifocal electroretinograms, was diagnosed after uneventful phacoemulsification with extended depth-of-focus intraocular lens implantation.

Background: Visual impairment and blindness are significant public health issues worldwide. The study aims to explore is the prevalence and causes of moderate to severe visual impairment and blindness across three ecological regions of Nepal. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in three districts covering all ecological regions of Nepal. Intensive training for health workers was provided to conduct door-to-door visits for visual acuity testing using Snellen chart and refer the abnormal cases for comprehensive ocular examination by technicians and ophthalmologists to diagnose and treat ocular morbidities. Collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences and Stata software. Results: Altogether 5234 participants were enrolled in the study. The overall prevalence of moderate to severe visual impairment was 9.5% (4.7% in the Mountain district, 11.2% in the Hill district and 21.2% in the Tarai district), though the prevalence of MSVI was 1.5% in participants aged 15-49 years and 25.1% in those aged ≥50. The overall prevalence of blindness was 0.9%, and the prevalence of blindness in the 15-49 and ≥50 age groups was 0.2% and 2.3% respectively. Most cases of visual impairment and blindness (95.5%) were an avoidable cause, of which 93.7% were treatable and 1.8% were preventable. Overall, cataract was the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness (53.5%), followed by uncorrected refractive error (39.5%). Conclusion: The prevalence of visual impairment and blindness varied significantly with age, ethnicity and locality. The correction of refractive error and cataract surgery would reduce nine in ten cases of moderate to severe visual impairment and blindness.

Detta examinationsarbete tar upp olika strategier för behandling av traumatiska kriser med fokus på moderna modeller för preventivt krisarbete och psykoterapi. Trots att det finns välutvecklade metoder för krisintervention, kan resultaten ibland vara otillräckliga på grund av de individuella skillnaderna i psykofysiska resurser samt omständigheterna kring traumatiska upplevelser. En traumatiserad individ kan uppleva en förlust av kontroll över både interna reaktioner och externa faktorer. Uppsatsen betonar vikten av att anpassa krisarbetet till varje persons unika reaktion för att stödja återhämtning och minska risken för långsiktiga psykiska besvär.

Trauman delas in i typ-1 och typ-2, där typ-2 innebär upprepade och mer komplexa händelser som kan leda till större psykologiska påfrestningar som emotionell dysreglering och dissociation. Metoder som EMDR och TF-KBT lyfts fram som verkningsfulla för att minska den emotionella laddningen och hjälpa klienten att återfå kontrollen över sina reaktioner.

Tre centrala komponenter för effektiv traumabehandling identifieras: mentalisering, exponering och att skapa en sammanhållen och tydlig narrativ. Terapeutens förståelse för patientens livshistoria och dess koppling till personlighetsutvecklingen är avgörande, liksom vikten av att skapa trygghet under terapin för att möjliggöra en fruktbar behandling. Dessutom betonas betydelsen av att hjälpa patienten inse att ansvaret för traumatiska händelser aldrig ligger på den drabbade. Terapeutiska metoder kan bidra till att skapa nya och mer positiva handlingsalternativ i framtida situationer.

Examinationsarbetet understryker att en kombination av psykodynamiska och kognitiva metoder, samt tekniker som hypnos och EMDR, kan leda till ett mer integrerat och effektivt behandlingssätt.

Behoudens de in of krachtens de Auteurswet van 1912 gestelde uitzonderingen mag niets uit deze uitgave worden verveelvoudigd, opgeslagen in een geautomatiseerd gegevensbestand, of openbaar gemaakt, in enige vorm of op enige wijze, hetzij elektronisch, mechanisch door fotokopieën, opnamen of enig andere manier, zonder voorafgaande schriftelijke toestemming van de uitgever. Voor zover het maken van kopieën uit deze uitgave is toegestaan op grond van artikelen 16h t/m 16m Auteurswet 1912 jo. Besluit van 27 november 2002, Stb 575, dient men de daarvoor wettelijk verschuldigde vergoeding te voldoen aan de Stichting Reprorecht te Hoofddorp (postbus 3060, 2130 KB, www.reprorecht.nl) of contact op te nemen met de uitgever voor het treffen van een rechtstreekse regeling in de zin van art. 16l, vijfde lid, Auteurswet 1912. Voor het overnemen van gedeelte(n) uit deze uitgave in bloemlezingen, readers en andere compilatiewerken (artikel 16, Auteurswet 1912) kan men zich wenden tot de Stichting ...

Background: Coronary heart disease is the most important cause of death and inability in all communities. Depressive symptoms are frequent among post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients and may cause negative effects on cardiac prognosis. This study was conducted to identify efficacy of EMDR on depression of patients with MI. Methods: This study is a clinical trial. Sixty patients with MI were selected by simple sampling, and were separated randomly into experimental and control groups. To collect data, demographic questionnaire and Beck Depression Questionnaire were used. In experimental group, EMDR therapy were performed in three sessions alternate days for 45-90 minutes, during four months after their MI. Depression level of patients was measured before, and a week after EMDR therapy. Data were analyzed using paired-t-test, t-test, and Chi-square. Results: The mean depression level in experimental group 27.26 ±6.41 before intervention, and it was 11.76 ± 3.71 after intervention. Hence, it showed a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). The mean depression level in control group was 24.53 ± 5.81 before intervention, and it was 31.66 ± 6.09 after intervention, so it showed statistically significant difference (P<0.001). The comparison of mean depression level at post treatment, in both groups showed statistically significant difference (P<0.001). Conclusion: EMDR is an effective, useful, efficient, and non-invasive method for treatment and reducing depression in patients with MI.

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The psychotherapy field has a long history of integration to improve treatment effectiveness. One type, assimilative integration, offers innovative opportunities to family therapy to incorporate the clinical and research contributions of different approaches. This paper contributes to the literature on integration by exploring how Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) can be assimilated into Attachment-Based Family Therapy (ABFT) for youth in residential psychiatric treatment. ABFT seeks to improve attachment security to parental figures by asking adolescents and young adults to discuss attachment ruptures. This process, specially designed for patients with internalizing disorders, can provoke anxiety, particularly for a patient population that commonly has a history of trauma and adverse life experiences. EMDR is a first-line therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder and has the potential to be effective in treating various other mental health conditions. When patient emotional withdrawal or dysregulation due to breaches in trust between child and parent emerges in ABFT, EMDR may help desensitize associated memories and bolster the family therapy process. The authors provide an overview of both models, and a detailed case study as an example. The paper concludes with a discussion on implications, integration efforts, and limitations.

HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Previous studies have suggested that shame memories can have a pervasive impact on depression symptoms, and avoidant-focused processes may play a mediating role. In addition, it is stated in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) literature that experiential avoidance is a consequence of cognitive fusion. This study aims to explore the role of cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance in the relationship between shame memories (with caregivers and traumatic shame memories with others) and depression symptoms. In order to do that, we used Structural Equation Modeling to conduct a path analysis in a sample of 181 subjects of the general population. Our results add new information on the processes through which shame memories impacts on both experiential avoidance and depression symptoms. It is suggested that shame memories are not itself pervasive, but the entanglement with painful internal experiences (cognitive fusion) and/or the attempts to control them (experiential avoidance). This suggests the importance of planning an intervention that targets these processes when dealing with shame memories, particularly in patients with depression symptoms.

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar a potencialidade mutativa do estilo clínico "Ser e Fazer" na clínica da escolha profissional. Realizou-se por meio de estudo de caso, constituído pelo atendimento de sete adolescentes de classe média. As sessões configuraram-se ao redor do uso do teatro de espontaneidade winnicottiano. O processo clínico foi registrado por meio de narrativas transferenciais, consideradas à luz do método psicanalítico, tendo em vista verificar ocorrência, ou não, de movimentos de trânsito entre campos de sentido afetivo-emocionais subjacentes às manifestações de conduta em busca de aumento de integração emocional e superação de dissociações defensivas. Pode-se afirmar que os participantes foram beneficiados, na medida em que foram detectados indícios de transformações na experiência emocional relacionada à escolha profissional.

Fundamentando-se na Psicologia Psicanalítica Concreta, criada na América Latina a partir da articulação entre a Psicanálise e o pensamento dialético, este estudo objetiva investigar imaginários coletivos machistas sobre mulheres que estão em relacionamentos conjugais heterossexuais, no contexto do isolamento social decorrente da pandemia da covid-19, justificando-se pelo aumento expressivo de ocorrências de violência doméstica nesse período. Organizando-se ao redor da abordagem psicanalítica de memes sobre relações heterossexuais, a investigação permitiu a produção interpretativa de dois campos de sentido afetivo-emocional ou inconscientes intersubjetivos: "Game over" e "Dormindo com a inimiga". Tais campos revelam crenças de que o casamento tira a liberdade do homem casado, privando-o dos prazeres sexuais que mulheres, concebidas como bonecas eróticas, proporcionam aos solteiros, para colocá-lo sob o autoritarismo da esposa, que, fantasiada como figura maléfica, torna-se alvo de uma violência que se apresenta, nesse imaginário, como justificada e legítima.

Eye Movement Integration (EMI) therapy, a relatively new approach, is gaining recognition for its effectiveness in treating trauma and traumatic events. Numerous studies highlight EMI's efficacy, emphasizing its roots in Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP). This study aims to investigate EMI's practical clinical applications. Developed by Steve Andreas in the 1980s and promoted by Daniel
Beaulieu, EMI uses eye movements to facilitate the integration of traumatic memories, differing from EMDR by focusing on integration rather than desensitization. EMI incorporates elements of body psychotherapy, NLP, Gestalt therapy, hypnosis, and energy therapies, providing a comprehensive approach to trauma treatment. By reprocessing traumatic memories through guided eye movements,
EMI promotes emotional and cognitive integration, significantly reducing trauma symptoms. This study explores EMI's application, particularly its benefits in treating trauma in various populations,
including older adults and children

In this paper, we propose algorithms which preserve energy in empirical mode decomposition (EMD), generating finite $n$ number of band limited Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs). In the first energy preserving EMD (EPEMD) algorithm, a signal is decomposed into linearly independent (LI), non orthogonal yet energy preserving (LINOEP) IMFs and residue (EPIMFs). It is shown that a vector in an inner product space can be represented as a sum of LI and non orthogonal vectors in such a way that Parseval&#39;s type property is satisfied. From the set of $n$ IMFs, through Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization method (GSOM), $n!$ set of orthogonal functions can be obtained. In the second algorithm, we show that if the orthogonalization process proceeds from lowest frequency IMF to highest frequency IMF, then the GSOM yields functions which preserve the properties of IMFs and the energy of a signal. With the Hilbert transform, these IMFs yield instantaneous frequencies and amplitudes as functions of tim...

Bertollo-Nardi, M. (2014). The work of the psychologist on a campus of the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo: possibilities and challenges of a professional practice. Doctoral Thesis. Postgraduate Program in Psychology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo. In this doctoral thesis, I analyze the process of my insertion as a psychologist on a campus of the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo (IFES). This campus had never had before a psychologist in its staff. The overall purpose is to report and analyze the process of planning, setting up and performing interventions, from entering the field, through the search of a theoretical framework and proximity to the students, to the proposition and analysis of the interventions performed. Regarding the methodological aspects, this research was inspired by both: (i) the participatory methodologies of social sciences (participant research, intervention research, and action-research), and clinical research methodolog...

violencia de género es uno de los problemas sociales más graves de nuestra sociedad tanto por su prevalencia (en el pasado año 2010 fueron asesinadas 74 mujeres, y se estima que alrededor del 11.1% de las mujeres andaluzas son maltratadas), como por las consecuencias psicológicas que conlleva en las víctimas. Objetivos: En el Gabinete de Psicología de la Universidad de Jaén, atendemos a las mujeres (alumnas, PAS o PDI o familiares de éstos) que han sido o aún son víctimas de violencia de género, con el objetivo prioritario de que superen las situaciones traumáticas y que estén preparadas emocional y cognitivamente para llevar una vida plena con el desarrollo máximo de sus capacidades. Durante la evaluación, entre otras escalas, las usuarias contestan al cuestionario sobre Síndrome de Estrés Postraumático (Echeburúa, Corral, Amor, Zubizarreta y Sarasúa, 1997), pues los episodios de violencia psicológica, sexual y física extrema que la mayoría de ellas viven, ocasionan en el 100% de los casos este síndrome de manera crónica y acusada. Metodología: Para tratar este síndrome se acomete el entrenamiento en técnicas de respiración y relajación y posteriormente el tratamiento con EMDR. Esta técnica consiste en el procesamiento de los sucesos que quedaron bloqueados por el miedo sentido en el momento en que ocurrieron, mediante la movilización de los ojos de manera simultánea a la escucha del episodio, tratando nuevamente de revivirlo. Aplicamos esta técnica con 5 pacientes. Resultados: En todos los casos las usuarias superaban la situación en 4 o 5 sesiones de 5 minutos cada una, de manera que posteriormente, informaron de que la situación ya no les producía tristeza ni dolor, y que la habían aceptado. Discusión: Estos resultados sugieren que esta técnica es eficaz y rápida en la intervención de sucesos traumáticos de violencia de género, por lo que resulta altamente recomendable para estos casos. Palabras clave: Violencia de género, EMDR, síndrome de estrés post-traumático.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as questões de violência e dinâmica familiar a partir do filme Precisamos falar sobre o Kevin. O filme retrata a história de Kevin, um adolescente que planeja e executa onze assassinatos na escola onde estuda. Para tanto, a partir de autores que discorrem sobre as temáticas apresentadas e utilizando-se da análise de conteúdo, elencaram-se da narrativa do filme as seguintes categorias de análise: 1) A história de Kevin: a relação mãe-bebê; 2) O contexto familiar; 3) A adolescência; 4) O massacre. A análise do filme permite apontar para a relevância de se manter um espaço de problematização dos episódios como o de Kevin, dando a eles a importância que certamente eles evocam.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as questões de violência e dinâmica familiar a partir do filme Precisamos falar sobre o Kevin. O filme retrata a história de Kevin, um adolescente que planeja e executa onze assassinatos na escola onde estuda. Para tanto, a partir de autores que discorrem sobre as temáticas apresentadas e utilizando-se da análise de conteúdo, elencaram-se da narrativa do filme as seguintes categorias de análise: 1) A história de Kevin: a relação mãe-bebê; 2) O contexto familiar; 3) A adolescência; 4) O massacre. A análise do filme permite apontar para a relevância de se manter um espaço de problematização dos episódios como o de Kevin, dando a eles a importância que certamente eles evocam.

According to the WHO (World Health Organization), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an elective therapy to treat people with post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD). In line with the personalization of therapeutic strategies, through this pilot study, we assessed in people suffering from the effects of trauma the feasibility, safety, acceptance, and efficacy of EMDR enriched with sound stimulation (by administering neutral sounds synchronized with the guided bilateral alternating stimulation of the gaze) and musical reward (musical listening based on the patients’ predisposition and personal tastes). Feasibility, quantified by the number of patients who completed the treatment, was excellent as this was the case in 12 out of the 12 enrolled people with psychological trauma. Safety and acceptance, assessed by self-compiled questionnaires, were excellent, with an absence of side effects and high satisfaction. Efficacy, quantified by the number of EMDR treatment se...