Forensic Indentification

In this paper I test the capacity for functional linguistics, in particular register theory (Halliday 2002) and cohesive harmony analysis (Hasan 1984), to illuminate how habitual patterns of language make meat-eating and factory-farming seem natural, and how certain counter-discourses work to expose the seams in such practices. My primary example is an award-winning animal welfare campaign based on mock recipe cards. While such genre-bending clearly aims at bypassing reader defenses, the text’s real achievement is to combine semantic features whose co-occurrence is normally blocked by the cultural-linguistic system, allowing it to project a sophisticated food identity for readers and construe a social identity for the recipe ‘ingredients’ (pigs), realized largely through bizarre cohesive harmony. Implications discussed include relations between ‘major and minor identities’ (Lakoff 2006), the mobilization of identity in dominant and emerging ideologies, and the limits on who/what can...

Background In forensic proficiency, the distinct model applied for age estimation includes physical examination, i.e., evaluation of somatic maturity and post pubescence peculiarities, dental development, and radiological assessment of skeletal maturity usually of the hand and wrist. The Greulich and Pyle (GP) method of skeletal age (SA) determination is considered quicker and easier with a lower error percentage of prediction. The specificity and applicability of the GP atlas have been recapitulated in many studies. This study aims to assess the applicability and reproducibility of the GP atlas on a sample of the eastern Utter Pradesh (UP) population. Results Considering the whole study population, the SA of the male subjects was retarded by 0.89 years or 9.03 months, whereas the SA of females were retarded by 0.36 years or 4.33 months than the chronological age, respectively. Conclusion According to this study, it is concluded that the GP atlas may not be applicable for both males and females in the eastern Uttar Pradesh region. The factors responsible for delayed skeletal growth and maturation may vary depending on demographics, ethnicity, and genetics. Further, a detailed study will be conclusive on a greater population size assessing more accurate and precise insights on the applicability and reproducibility of GP atlas.

Background In forensic proficiency, the distinct model applied for age estimation includes physical examination, i.e., evaluation of somatic maturity and post pubescence peculiarities, dental development, and radiological assessment of skeletal maturity usually of the hand and wrist. The Greulich and Pyle (GP) method of skeletal age (SA) determination is considered quicker and easier with a lower error percentage of prediction. The specificity and applicability of the GP atlas have been recapitulated in many studies. This study aims to assess the applicability and reproducibility of the GP atlas on a sample of the eastern Utter Pradesh (UP) population. Results Considering the whole study population, the SA of the male subjects was retarded by 0.89 years or 9.03 months, whereas the SA of females were retarded by 0.36 years or 4.33 months than the chronological age, respectively. Conclusion According to this study, it is concluded that the GP atlas may not be applicable for both males and females in the eastern Uttar Pradesh region. The factors responsible for delayed skeletal growth and maturation may vary depending on demographics, ethnicity, and genetics. Further, a detailed study will be conclusive on a greater population size assessing more accurate and precise insights on the applicability and reproducibility of GP atlas.

Hinojosa, Michelle M., M.A., July 2005 Anthropology Change in Nasal Width Produced by Smiling: Its Application in Forensic Art Chairman: Dr. Randall R. Skelton Facial reconstruction is recognized as “an increasingly important tool within forensic anthropology” (Ubelaker and O’Donnell 1992). Facial reconstruction is a method that aids in identifying skeletal remains when no other means are available. Using a combination of science and art, a face is created upon an unidentified skull with sufficient likeness of the living individual that it may help bring about identification. Since various combinations of teeth, dental restorations and prostheses are so highly individual (Clement 1998), creating a reconstruction with a smiling expression in which the dentition is visible is a beneficial tool in the investigation. A study conducted by Craig and Bass (1993) concluded that musculoskeletal changes occur when a person smiles that need to be taken into consideration when facial reconstruc...

Introduction: Identification of unrecognizable corpses is of high importance and when all other identification mechanisms fail, the process of forensic facial reconstruction has to be adopted. Objective: This process is still at its infancy in Sri Lanka and is yet to utilize the advanced technologies of other countries. Hence introducing a more efficient, semi-automated 3D Computer graphics based technique for the local forensic officials is the aim of this study. Method: A 3D model of the skull is captured and digitally sculpting facial muscles on the model with the aid of forensic facial markers. Different facial components were added to the completed face model in order to improve the identification process. Separate analyses were also conducted for both facial tissue thickness and facial component variations in Sri Lankans to achieve an improved result. Female cases of the age category 20-30/ medium weight were used in this study. Results: The analysis of the facial tissue thickness confirmed that tissue thickness data of other countries cannot be adopted for facial reconstruction in the local context. Sri Lankans have a different facial soft tissue thickness mainly in the following areas; Gonion, Sub M2, Supra M2 and the area beneath the chin. The facial feature analysis discovered the mean values of the nasal and eye indexes which were then modeled in to the final output. The outputs were thoroughly evaluated using a number of techniques. Conclusion: By adopting the suggested novel application based on the evaluation results and the cost analysis, establishing the first unit for facial reconstruction in Sri Lanka would be highly recommended to uphold the rights of deceased and relatives concerned.

Forensic facial reconstruction is still at its infancy in Sri Lanka and is yet to utilize the advanced technologies of other countries. Hence introducing a more efficient multimedia based technique to the local forensic officials in order to improve the efficiency and the accuracy of the reconstructions is the aim of this study. In contrast to the other mechanisms used for facial reconstruction by others, this paper adopts a novel approach of muscle based facial reconstruction which goes hand in hand with the manual reconstruction process. The adopted process involved, acquiring a 3D model of the skull and digitally sculpting muscles in a 3D environment, followed by adding different facial features to improve identification. The research also encompassed a tissue thickness analysis that is conducted for the first time on Sri Lankans as well as a facial component analysis, both of which were needed to improve the accuracy of the final output. This procedure was attempted on cases of the age category 20-30 and of medium weight. The outputs and the process were evaluated with different parties such as general public, forensic officials, lawyers and CID all of which are to be benefited from this application. The ultimate goal of conducting the study was to understand and overcome the challenges faced in developing this novel application for the Sri Lankan Forensic officials and to establish the first unit for facial reconstruction in Sri Lanka.

Forensic facial reconstruction is still at its infancy in Sri Lanka and is yet to utilize the advanced technologies of other countries. Hence introducing a more efficient multimedia based technique to the local forensic officials in order to improve the efficiency and the accuracy of the reconstructions is the aim of this study. In contrast to the other mechanisms used for facial reconstruction by others, this paper adopts a novel approach of muscle based facial reconstruction which goes hand in hand with the manual reconstruction process. The adopted process involved, acquiring a 3D model of the skull and digitally sculpting muscles in a 3D environment, followed by adding different facial features to improve identification. The research also encompassed a tissue thickness analysis that is conducted for the first time on Sri Lankans as well as a facial component analysis, both of which were needed to improve the accuracy of the final output. This procedure was attempted on cases of the age category 20-30 and of medium weight. The outputs and the process were evaluated with different parties such as general public, forensic officials, lawyers and CID all of which are to be benefited from this application. The ultimate goal of conducting the study was to understand and overcome the challenges faced in developing this novel application for the Sri Lankan Forensic officials and to establish the first unit for facial reconstruction in Sri Lanka.

Background
In forensic proficiency, the distinct model applied for age estimation includes physical examination, i.e., evaluation of somatic maturity and post pubescence peculiarities, dental development, and radiological assessment of skeletal maturity usually of the hand and wrist. The Greulich and Pyle (GP) method of skeletal age (SA) determination is considered quicker and easier with a lower error percentage of prediction. The specificity and applicability of the GP atlas have been recapitulated in many studies. This study aims to assess the applicability and reproducibility of the GP atlas on a sample of the eastern Utter Pradesh (UP) population.
Results
Considering the whole study population, the SA of the male subjects was retarded by 0.89 years or 9.03 months, whereas the SA of females were retarded by 0.36 years or 4.33 months than the chronological age, respectively.
Conclusion
According to this study, it is concluded that the GP atlas may not be applicable for both males and females in the eastern Uttar Pradesh region. The factors responsible for delayed skeletal growth and
maturation may vary depending on demographics, ethnicity, and genetics. Further, a detailed study will be conclusive on a greater population size assessing more accurate and precise insights on the
applicability and reproducibility of GP atlas.

SINOPSIS

En el reconocimiento de la identidad de las personas se han extendido en la última década tecnologías cuyo funcionamiento se basa en la captación de rasgos singularizantes del cuerpo humano (huellas dactilares, iris, geometría facial). Esta obra aborda su funcionamiento y fiabilidad, así como su legitimidad y aceptabilidad desde la perspectiva de los derechos fundamentales.

CARÁCTERÍSTICAS

Esta obra aborda de forma exhaustiva y con rigor, tanto en lo jurídico como en lo antropobiológico, la naturaleza y características de la información biométrica obtenida del cuerpo humano, la configuración y funcionamiento de los sistemas de reconocimiento mediante Biometría y, desde la perspectiva de los derechos fundamentales, su legitimidad y la proporcionalidad de su uso en diferentes escenarios operativos.

Identification (ID) is of the utmost importance in any democratic society: every corpse must be positively identified. There has been significant scientific and technical progress in this field over the last several decades. Numerous circumstances may cause an individual to lose his or her identity: loss, theft, or destruction of identity papers, neurological and psychiatric disease, age, emigration, and so on. These factors may apply to living subjects as well as to the deceased.

We examined the affect of tissue depth variation on the reconstruction of facial form, through the application of the American method, utilizing published tissue depth measurements for emaciated, normal, and obese faces. In this preliminary study, three reconstructions were created on reproductions of the same skull for each set of tissue depth measurements. The resulting morphological variation was measured quantitatively using the anthropometric craniofacial variability index (CVI). This method employs 16 standard craniofacial anthropometric measurements and the results reflect ‘‘pattern variation’’ or facial harmony. We report no appreciable variation in the quantitative measure of the pattern facial form obtained from the three different sets of tissue depths. Facial similarity was assessed qualitatively utilizing surveys of photographs of the three reconstructions. Surveys indicated that subjects frequently perceived the reconstructions as representing different individuals. This disagreement indicates that size of the face may blind observers to similarities in facial form. This research is significant because it illustrates the confounding effect that normal human variation contributes in the successful recognition of individuals from a representational three-dimensional facial reconstruction. Research results suggest that successful identification could be increased if multiple reconstructions were created which reflect a wide range of possible outcomes for facial form. The creation of multiple facial images, from a single skull, will be facilitated as computerized versions of facial reconstruction are further developed and refined.