Health Sciences

A relação profissional de saúde-paciente requer uma série de condições para que o serviço de cuidado possa ser prestado com segurança, beneficiando ao máximo os sujeitos envolvidos. Uma destas condições está relacionada a alguns deveres dos profissionais de saúde para com os pacientes: respeito à autonomia, à privacidade e à confidencialidade das informações obtidas. Esses deveres podem estar comprometidos quando os profissionais de saúde desenvolvem como prática a publicação de imagens de pacientes em redes sociais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar sob uma perspectiva ética e legal as imagens da rede social virtual conhecida por Instagram em que apareçam pacientes odontológicos utilizando palavras-chave que recuperassem imagens associadas às diversas especialidades odontológicas. Por meio de análisede conteúdo, identificou-se que cirurgiões-dentistas têm publicado imagens de pacientes que neste trabalho foram classificadas em cinco categorias: procedimento; antes e depois; ca...

Bu çalışma, 24-28 Mayıs 2006 tarihlerinde Antalya'da yapılan Ulusal Cerrahi Kongresi'nde, sözel bildiri olarak sunulmuştur. Amaç: Araştırma, yatağa bağımlı hastalarda ameliyat sonrası uygulanan egzersizin kan değerleri ve yaşam bulgularına etkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla deneysel olarak planlanmıştır.

Aims: To develop a representative, self-report assessment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) for men and women, the symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network Symptom Index-29 (LURN SI-29). Methods: Women and men seeking treatment for LUTS at one of six academic medical centers in the US were assessed at baseline, 3-month and 12-month intervals. Twelve-month data on 78 LURN SI-29 items were analyzed among 353 women and 420 men using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), with factor structure confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Internal consistency, reliability, and validity of the five developed scales were evaluated by assessing correlations with the American Urological Association Symptom Index (AUA-SI), the genitourinary pain index (GUPI), and the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 (PFDI-20), and by examining expected sex differences in scores. Results: EFA results (n = 150 women; 150 men) produced an interpretable eight-factor solution, with three of the factors comprised of dichotomous items addressing LUTS-associated sensations. The remaining five factors, confirmed with CFA in an independent sample of 473 participants, produced five scales: incontinence, urgency, voiding difficulty, bladder pain, and nocturia. Subscales For a copy of the LURN SI-29, contact the corresponding author (

Background-In spite of intensive efforts, understanding of the genetic aspects of familial prostate cancer remains largely incomplete. In a previous microsatellite-based linkage scan of 1233 prostate cancer (PC) families, we identified suggestive evidence for linkage (i.e. LOD≥1.86) at 5q12, 15q11, 17q21, 22q12, and two loci on 8p, with additional regions implicated in subsets of families defined by age at diagnosis, disease aggressiveness, or number of affected members. Methods-In an attempt to replicate these findings and increase linkage resolution, we used the Illumina 6000 SNP linkage panel to perform a genome-wide linkage scan of an independent set of 762 multiplex PC families, collected by 11 ICPCG groups. Results-Of the regions identified previously, modest evidence of replication was observed only on the short arm of chromosome 8, where HLOD scores of 1.63 and 3.60 were observed in the complete set of families and families with young average age at diagnosis, respectively. The most significant linkage signals found in the complete set of families were observed across a broad, 37 cM interval on 4q13-25, with LOD scores ranging from 2.02 to 2.62, increasing to 4.50 in families with older average age at diagnosis. In families with multiple cases presenting with more aggressive disease, LOD scores over 3.0 were observed at 8q24 in the vicinity of previously identified common PC risk variants, as well as MYC, an important gene in PC biology. Conclusions-These results will be useful in prioritizing future susceptibility gene discovery efforts in this common cancer.

BACKGROUNDIn spite of intensive efforts, understanding of the genetic aspects of familial prostate cancer (PC) remains largely incomplete. In a previous microsatellite‐based linkage scan of 1,233 PC families, we identified suggestive evidence for linkage (i.e., LOD ≥ 1.86) at 5q12, 15q11, 17q21, 22q12, and two loci on 8p, with additional regions implicated in subsets of families defined by age at diagnosis, disease aggressiveness, or number of affected members.METHODSIn an attempt to replicate these findings and increase linkage resolution, we used the Illumina 6000 SNP linkage panel to perform a genome‐wide linkage scan of an independent set of 762 multiplex PC families, collected by 11 International Consortium for Prostate Cancer Genetics (ICPCG) groups.RESULTSOf the regions identified previously, modest evidence of replication was observed only on the short arm of chromosome 8, where HLOD scores of 1.63 and 3.60 were observed in the complete set of families and families with youn...

Background – Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affects young women, in smaller degree young men. Particularly male SLE phenotype presents poor prognosis and miscellaneous organ damage. Subsequent SLE atherosclerosis along with unremarkable traditional atherogenic risk factors determines severe coronary artery disease (CAD) in long-standing SLE disease. The clinical profi le, diagnostic and management algorithm are considered, as well as a brief review of current literature. Case presentation – A 66-year-old Caucasian male with SLE diagnosed in 1998 was admitted for extended cardiovascular assessment. Due to severe pancytopenia related to SLE targeted therapy, the patient was placed on a timeadjusted dosage of corticosteroids. Thorough the time, patient developed dilated cardiomyopathy, atrial fi brillation (AF) and progressive heart failure (HF), in the absence of a close cardiac follow-up. Coronary angiography revealed severe coronary artery disease without evidence of marked athe...

To test whether communication mediated relationships among nurses' work environments and nurse outcomes of job satisfaction and intent to stay. This study used a cross-sectional, quantitative survey design to query 650 nurses who worked in three hospitals in Jordan. We used Arabic versions of valid, reliable instruments measuring the nursing work environment, nurse perceptions of communication with physicians, intent to stay, and job satisfaction. Mediation analysis was used to test hypotheses. A total of 582 questionnaires were returned (89.5% response rate). Nurse perceptions of communication with physicians mediated the relationship between the nursing work environment and job satisfaction in medical, surgical, and critical care units. Nurse perceptions of communication with physicians mediated the relationship between the nursing work environment and intent to stay in all but maternity and "other" units. Depending on the nurse outcome, communication was a significa...

The purpose of this study was to examine associations among the nursing work environment, nurse job satisfaction, and intent to stay for nurses who practice in hospitals in Jordan. Design: A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used. Methods: Data were collected through survey questionnaires distributed to 650 registered nurses (RNs) who worked in three hospitals in Jordan. The selfreport questionnaire consisted of three instruments and demographic questions. The instruments were the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI), the McCain Intent to Stay scale, and Quinn and Shepard's (1974) Global Job Satisfaction survey. Descriptive statistics were calculated for discrete measures of demographic characteristics of the study participants. Multivariate linear regression models were used to explore relationships among the nursing work environment, job satisfaction, and intent to stay, adjusting for unit type. Findings: There was a positive association between nurses' job satisfaction and the nursing work environment (t = 6.42, p < .001). For each one-unit increase in the total score of the PES-NWI, nurses' average job satisfaction increased by 1.3 points, controlling for other factors. Overall, nurses employed in public hospitals were more satisfied than those working in teaching hospitals. The nursing work environment was positively associated with nurses' intent to stay (t = 4.83, p < .001). The Intent to Stay score increased by 3.6 points for every one-unit increase in the total PES-NWI score on average. The highest Intent to Stay scores were reported by nurses from public hospitals. Conclusions: The work environment was positively associated with nurses' intent to stay and job satisfaction. More attention should be paid to create positive work environments to increase job satisfaction for nurses and increase their intent to stay. Clinical Relevance: Hospital and nurse managers and healthcare policymakers urgently need to create satisfactory work environments supporting nursing practice in order to increase nurses' job satisfaction and intent to stay. An increasing body of research has linked poor nursing work environments to poor nurse outcomes in general (Institute of Medicine, 2004). Nursing job satisfaction and intent to stay are two specific nurse outcomes associated with the nursing work environment ). An ongoing focus on these two nursing outcomes is needed because of the current nursing shortage, which has now spread

Because there are many potential risks in the MR environment and reports of adverse incidents involving patients, equipment and personnel, the need for a guidance document on MR safe practices emerged. Initially published in 2002, the ACR MR Safe Practices Guidelines established de facto industry standards for safe and responsible practices in clinical and research MR environments. As the MR industry changes the document is reviewed, modified and updated. The most recent version will reflect these changes. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:501–530. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Background: Our study was conducted to find out the effects of low back pain, which is one of the most common symptoms of COVID-19, on the musculoskeletal system. Materials and Methods: Individuals who were diagnosed with COVID-19 positive at least once in the last 2 months were included in the study. The participants were reached through Whatsapp application with the survey prepared in Google Forms format. 230 individuals between the ages of 18 and 57 who had been diagnosed with COVID-19 participated in the study. The survey form included Oswerty Disability Index, Visual Analogue Scale and Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire and the participants were asked to answer the questions in the form. The participants were grouped in three different categories. Group 1 consisted of individuals between the ages of 18 and 26, Group 2 consisted of individuals between the ages of 27 and 35 and Group 3 consisted of individuals aged 36 and older. IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 package program was used in analyses. Results: As a result of the study, it was found that Oswerty Disability Index results were statistically significantly different in both male and female; Cornell Questionnaire results in Group 1 and Oswestry and Cornell Questionnaire results in Group 3 were statistically significantly different between male and female and there was a positive and weak correlation between age and Oswestry and VAS results. Conclusions: The present study showed that low back pain remains with individuals after COVID-19 infection and had negative effects on their lives.

When compared with Whites, Black-Americans may have a 40% higher incidence venous thromboembolism (VTE) incidence. However, whether other VTE characteristics and risk factors vary by race is uncertain. To compare demographic and baseline characteristics among White-and Black-Americans with VTE, we used data prospectively collected from consecutive consenting adults enrolled in seven Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Thrombosis and Hemostasis Centers from August 2003 to March 2009. These characteristics were compared among Whites (n 5 2002) and Blacks (n 5 395) with objectively diagnosed VTE, both overall, and by age and gender. When compared with Whites, Blacks had a significantly higher proportion with pulmonary embolism (PE), including idiopathic PE among Black women, and a significantly higher proportion of Blacks were women. Blacks had a significantly higher mean BMI and a significantly lower proportion with recent surgery, trauma or infection, family history of VTE, and documented thrombophilia (solely from reduced factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A prevalence). Conversely, Blacks had a significantly higher proportion with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal disease and dialysis, HIV, and sickle cell disease. When compared with White women, Black women had a significantly lower proportion with recent oral contraceptive use or hormone therapy. We conclude that Whites and Blacks differ significantly regarding demographic and baseline characteristics that may be risk factors for VTE. The prevalence of transient VTE risk factors and idiopathic VTE among Blacks appears to be lower and higher, respectively, suggesting that heritability may be important in the etiology of VTE among Black-Americans.

The aim of this study is to develop an extraction method for the producing of a safe and efficient source of antioxidant compounds from fresh and pre-treated sweet orange (Citrus sinensis cv shahsavari) peel. Three types of solvents (100% ethanol, 100% water and ethanol-water mixtures at the ratios of 35:65 and 65:35, v/v), three duration times (60, 120 and 240 min) were chosen as the parameters affecting the phenolic compounds and flavonoid contents, extraction yield and antioxidant activities. These properties were evaluated by using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, DPPH radical scavenging activity assay and the aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. The results showed that the extraction times within the current range of 60-240 min have no significant effect on the investigated properties. The binary water-ethanol mixture at the ratio of 65:35 showed the best extraction yield for total phenolic compounds of fresh orange peel. The lowest IC50 and the highest antioxidant a...

The current study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme regarding selfblood pressure monitoring in terms of knowledge and skill among hypertensive clients residing in rural area of north India. To assess and compare knowledge and skill regarding self-blood pressure monitoring among hypertensive client before and after administration of planned teaching programme. To determine the relationship between knowledge and skill regarding self-blood pressure monitoring among hypertensive client. A quantitative research approach using quasi experimental research design (one group pre-test post-test) was adapted for the study. The data was collected from 60 hypertensive clients of Mullana village, Ambala using Structured knowledge questionnaire and Observation checklist. The study observed that the mean post-test knowledge score (8.20) was significantly higher than the mean pre-test score (2.35). The mean post-test skill score (8.67) was significantly higher than the mean pre-test skill score (0.18).There was a weak positive statistical relationship (r=0.25, p>0.05) between knowledge and skill. It is concluded that planned teaching programme was effective in enhancing both the knowledge and skills in self-monitoring of blood pressure among hypertensive clients.

Dysmenorrhea is defined as difficult menstrual flow or painful menstruation. It is an ordinary gynecological problem among adolescent ladies which is severe enough to keep them from functioning at home, college or work place for a day or a two every month. Objective: To assess the knowledge and impact of dysmenorrhea among nursing students Material & Method : A descriptive study was carried out among 201 nursing students selected by purposive technique at M.M university, ambala Haryana by using structured knowledge questionnaire(KR 20= 0.72) and impact rating scale(chron α= 0.87) respectively from January 2016 to February 2017. Result: Most of students were of 19 to 21 yrs in age and 95% were unmarried. 78.6% received knowledge of dysmenorria from mothers. 100% students experienced dysmenorria in which 87.6% had regular cycle, 51.7% felt intermittent pain. Majority (57.2%) have good knowledge regarding dysmenorria and mildly affected by it followed by 41.3% are moderately affected b...

Sebuah peralatan medis dengan teknologi USG-gelombang, yang disebut Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS), sudah tersedia untuk mengukur kepadatan massa tulang / mineral (BMD) sebagai alat dalam mendiagnosis osteoporosis. Peralatan ini mengukur kuantitas USG-gelombang yang melewati tumit-tulang (kalkaneus). Hasil pengukuran disajikan dalam T-score dan Z-score.

Prehypertension is viewed as one of the most widely recognized conditions that are influencing individuals everywhere throughout the world. Prehypertension is for the most part connected with a few different difficulties including hypertension. As per the Seventh Report Joint National Committee (JNC-7) arrangement, the circulatory strain among typical and hypertension for example SBP 120-139 mmHg or DBP 80-89 mmHg is considered as Prehypertension. Deep breathing activity increase blood and oxygen stream to the cerebrum to work ordinarily. Breathing is the main capacity of the body that is both wilful and uncontrollable. Breathing procedure can affect wellbeing emphatically. METHODOLOGY: The study sample consists of 15 subjects having a prehypertension with age between 18 to 35 years. The subjects who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. Inform and written consent was taken from the subjects. BP, RR and PR also taken as an outcome measure. Deep breathing exercise, Duration: 10 min every day for 4 weeks. RESULT: Outcome measurement was measured using Blood pressure (BP), Pulse rate (PR) and Respiratory rate (RR). Significance was assessed at 5% level of significance p<0.05 (2 tailed hypothesis test considered). CONCLUSION: our study has shown that active regular deep breathing exercise 10 minutes daily has considerably reduced each the pulse, blood pressure from 4 weeks. Thus, deep breathing exercise is suitable as a primary preventive strategy to attain blood pressure management in prehypertensive subjects.

To follow-up on our previous report that acarbose (ACA), a drug that blocks postprandial glucose spikes, increases mouse lifespan, we studied ACA at three doses: 400, 1,000 (the original dose), and 2,500 ppm, using genetically heterogeneous mice at three sites. Each dose led to a significant change (by log-rank test) in both sexes, with larger effects in males, consistent with the original report. There were no significant differences among the three doses. The two higher doses produced 16% or 17% increases in median longevity of males, but only 4% or 5% increases in females. Age at the 90th percentile was increased significantly (8%-11%) in males at each dose, but was significantly increased (3%) in females only at 1,000 ppm. The sex effect on longevity is not explained simply by weight or fat mass, which were reduced by ACA more in females than in males. ACA at *These three authors contributed equally to this study.

The incidence of traumatic dislocation of the hip associated with femoral shaft fracture on the same side is rare. It meets with two main problems: diagnosis and treatment. We describe in this paper a special case which was treated with closed reduction of the hip and ORIF of the femoral shaft with a dynamic compression plate.

A simple, specific, accurate, and precise reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC0 method was developed and validated to analyse Rivaroxaban bulk dosage form. Using Sun Q C18 HPLC column separation was carried out. This was maintained at ambient temperature. During separation mobile phase consist of Acetonitrile: Buffer(sodium acetate buffer) 80:20 was delivered at a flow rate of 1mL/min. Using UV detector analysis was carried out at the wavelength 249 nm. RP-HPLC method was validated by using various parameter like system suitability, linearity, specificity, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification and robustness. The RP-HPLC method was found to be linear over the concentration range from 5-30 µg/mL (r 2 =0.994). Retention time for bulk rivaroxaban was found to be 3.69 min. LOQ of method was 1.331 µg/mL and LOD 0.439 µg/mL. Thus the developed RP-HPLC method 14689 was found to be robust which can be applied for the regular analysis of Rivaroxaban in the bulk as well as pharmaceutical dosage form.

The idea of innovation is to formulate a gel containing the combination of Dapsone and Acetazolamide for the treatment of Angioedema. Dapsone being a sulfone has antibacterial and antibiotic properties whereas Acetazolamide has a Diuretic property. So, a combination of these drugs helps to obtain a formulation with antibacterial, antibiotic and diuretic effect for the treatment of Angioedema. Various excipients such as a gelling agent, preservative, solubilizing agent etc. are used to form a stable and flawless gel formulation. The gel formulation prepared is used in the treatment of Angioedema that is a rapid oedema or swelling at specific areas such as face, genitals, hands, feet's etc. The formulation has a comparatively greater effect for treatment of angioedema. Marketed formulations in treatment of angioedema have a specific action on the body such as antibiotic or diuretic whereas this new formulated gel has a combination of drugs that have a dual effect for the treatment of Angioedema. The swelling caused by the disease and the spread of infection is more effectively treated by this combination used in the gel formulation.

Ketoprofen microemulsion is presently considered as the novel drug delivery system. It shows prolonged action. Ketoprofen is a BCS II class drug. It is a highly lipophilic poorly soluble drug with low oral bioavailability. The present aim was to increase the solubility by a microemulsion system for topical delivery. Microemulsions are clear, stable and isotropic liquid. They show advantages such as spontaneous preparation, scale up, ease of preparation, improving drug solubility of hydrophobic drugs. It is also used to increase the bioavailability of drug. These also aim at controlling the bioavailability of various drug molecules. The review put forward the development in a microemulsion-containing system. They improve solubility, chemical stability and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. There is a formulation of four different batches. The batches differ in the quantity of surfactant and co-surfactants.

The aim of the following research is to formulate a microemulsion containing drug Griseofulvin. Griseofulvin is an antifungal agent which inhibits the mitosis. It is recommended orally for treatment of fungal disease. It is used to treat skin infections such as jock itch, athletes foot and ringworm. Also it is used to treat the fungal infections of scalp, toenails and fingernails. Griseofulvin is a BCS II class drug. It is highly lipophilic poorly soluble drug with low oral bioavailability. The present aim was to increase the solubility by microemulsion system for topical delivery. Microemulsions are clear, stable and isotropic liquid. They show advantages such as spontaneous preparation, scale up, ease of preparation, improving 9207 drug solubility of hydrophobic drugs. It is also used to increase the bioavailability of drug. These also aim at controlling the bioavailability of various drug molecules. The review put forward the development in microemulsion containing system. They improve solubility, chemical stability and oral bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs. There is formulation of four different batches. The batches differ in quantity of surfactant and co-surfactants.

Oral Dispersible Tablet of Serratiopeptidase and salbutamol were prepared, evaluated and different types of concentration and dissolution of tablets were studied. In FTIR, drug and excipients with their mixture showed that there is no interaction between the drug molecule and excipients used. The Percentage of drug content of tablets in the formulations was found to be 95 % to 105% which complies with the limits of pharmacopoeia. By the process of direct compression method was used to prepare oral Dispersible tablet containing 300 mg of Serratiopeptidase and salbutamol. formulation was conducted using different concentrations of croscarmellose, micro crystalline cellulose, as a super disintegrants. And their interaction with Serratiopeptidase and salbutamol also evaluated using FTIR.

A simple, specific, accurate, and precise reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated to analyse Dolutegravir Sodium bulk dosage form. Using Princeton C18 HPLC column separation was carried out. This was maintained at 25ºC temperature. Shimadzu LC -20A prominence with LC solution softwarering separation mobile phase consist of Methanol: Water (0.1% OPA) in ratio of 80:20 v/v was delivered at a flow rate of 1mL/min. Using UV detector analysis was carried out at the wavelength 254 nm. RP-HPLC method was validated by using various parameter like system suitability, linearity, specificity, precision, limit 14664 of detection, limit of quantification and robustness. The RP-HPLC method was found to be linear over the concentration range from 10-60 µg/mL (r 2 =0.9998). Retention time for bulk Dolutegravir Sodium was found to be 4.383 min. LOQ of method was 1.3274 µg/mL and LOD 0.4380 µg/mL. Thus the developed RP-HPLC method was found to be robust which can be applied for the regular analysis of Dolutegravir Sodium in the bulk as well as pharmaceutical dosage form.

The aim of this study was to develop and optimise a bilayer tablet containing Dapsone and Acetazolamide for the effective treatment of severe burns. Preformulation studies, including drug excipient compatibility, were studied for both drugs. The compatibility studies showed that there was no interaction between the drug and excipients and also drug-drug. The bilayer tablet was formulated in such a way that the immediate release layer contains Dapsone and the sustained release layer contains Acetazolamide. The formulated batches of bilayer tablets F1-F4 were evaluated. The parameters t90%, Drug release, Friability, Hardness, Drug content, and Angle of repose are considered for the evaluation of a tablet. The kinetic study showed that the drug release follows the matrix model as the best fit model. In vitro dissolution studies of bilayer tablets in USP type II apparatus resulted in 98.04% drug release of Dapsone for 60 minutes and 94.21% drug release of Acetazolamide for a period of 12 hours. According to the findings of this study, the drug and excipients used in the formulation were at the appropriate concentrations.

Econazole Nitrate microemulsion is presently considered as the novel drug delivery system. It shows prolonged action. It is considered as the imidazole antifungal agent which shows broad spectrum activity. Antifungal agent contains the lipophilic groups which are administered in the microemulsions as they are able to penetrate the system easily. It belongs to BCS Class II drug. i.e., low soluble and highly permeable. The drug efficacy of topical formulation is limited to instability due to poor solubility and low permeability. These are the basic reasons which increase the scope for designing of microemulsion. The topical microemulsion containing Econazole Nitrate prepared using oleic acid as the oil phase, tween 20 as 9182 surfactant and propylene glycol as co-surfactant. The optimized formulation B1 was evaluated for various tests such as Particle size, Zeta potential, pH, Viscosity, Scanning electron microscopy and Electrical conductivity.

A simple, specific, accurate, and precise reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated to analyse Dolutegravir Sodium bulk dosage form. Using Princeton C18 HPLC column separation was carried out. This was maintained at 25ºC temperature. Shimadzu LC -20A prominence with LC solution softwarering separation mobile phase consist of Methanol: Water (0.1% OPA) in ratio of  80:20 v/v was delivered at a flow rate of 1mL/min. Using UV detector analysis was carried out at the wavelength 254 nm. RP-HPLC method was validated by using various parameter like system suitability, linearity, specificity, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification and robustness. The RP-HPLC method was found to be linear over the concentration range from 10-60 µg/mL (r2 =0.9998). Retention time for bulk Dolutegravir Sodium was found to be 4.383 min. LOQ of method was 1.3274 µg/mL and LOD 0.4380 µg/mL. Thus the developed RP-HPLC method was found to be robust which...

A simple, specific, accurate, and precise reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC0 method was developed and validated to analyse Rivaroxaban bulk dosage form. Using  Sun Q C18  HPLC column separation was carried out. This was maintained at ambient temperature. During separation mobile phase consist of Acetonitrile : Buffer(sodium acetate buffer) 80:20 was delivered at a flow rate of 1mL/min. Using UV detector analysis was carried out at the wavelength 249 nm. RP-HPLC method was validated by using various parameter like system suitability, linearity, specificity, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification and robustness. The RP-HPLC method was found to be linear over the concentration range from 5-30 µg/mL (r2 =0.994). Retention time for bulk rivaroxaban was found to be 3.69 min. LOQ of method was 1.331 µg/mL and LOD 0.439 µg/mL. Thus the developed RP-HPLC method was found to be robust which can be applied for the regular analysis of Rivaroxaban in t...

The idea of innovation is to formulate a gel containing the combination of Dapsone and Acetazolamide for the treatment of Angioedema. Dapsone being a sulfone has antibacterial and antibiotic properties whereas Acetazolamide has a Diuretic property. So, a combination of these drugs helps to obtain a formulation with antibacterial, antibiotic and diuretic effect for the treatment of Angioedema. Various excipients such as a gelling agent, preservative, solubilizing agent etc. are used to form a stable and flawless gel formulation. The gel formulation prepared is used in the treatment of Angioedema that is a rapid oedema or swelling at specific areas such as face, genitals, hands, feet’s etc. The formulation has a comparatively greater effect for treatment of angioedema. Marketed formulations in treatment of angioedema have a specific action on the body such as antibiotic or diuretic whereas this new formulated gel has a combination of drugs that have a dual effect for the treatment of ...

The aim of this study was to develop and optimise a bilayer tablet containing Dapsone and Acetazolamide for the effective treatment of severe burns. Preformulation studies, including drug excipient compatibility, were studied for both drugs. The compatibility studies showed that there was no interaction between the drug and excipients and also drug-drug. The bilayer tablet was formulated in such a way that the immediate release layer contains Dapsone and the sustained release layer contains Acetazolamide. The formulated batches of bilayer tablets F1-F4 were evaluated. The parameters t90%, Drug release, Friability, Hardness, Drug content, and Angle of repose are considered for the evaluation of a tablet. The kinetic study showed that the drug release follows the matrix model as the best fit model. In vitro dissolution studies of bilayer tablets in USP type II apparatus resulted in 98.04% drug release of Dapsone for 60 minutes and 94.21% drug release of Acetazolamide for a period of 1...

Autoradiographic, HRP, and Fink-Heimer techniques define olfactory bulb efferents in the channel catfish. The olfactory bulb projects bilaterally to eight targets in the area ventralis telencephali including the preoptic area, five targets in area dorsalis telencephali, and the posterior tuber of the diencephalon. There is additional input to the peripheral margin of the internal cell layer of the contralateral olfactory bulb. Fibers cross in rostra1 (nervus terminalis and commissure of Goldstein) and caudal components of the anterior commissure and the habenular commissure. HRP techniques reveal the origin of bulb efferents from the internal and mitral cell layers of the olfactory bulb. The olfactory tract is divided into five major components, each with a unique subset of ipsilateral and commissural pathways. , The actinopterygians, or ray-finned fishes, are traditionally separated into three superorders (Romer, '701, namely the Chondrostei, Holostei, and Teleostei. The teleosts comprise Andrew H. Bass's present address is Department of Ecology and Behavioral Biology, 108 Zoology Building, 318 Church Street, S.E.,

Obesity is a global epidemic that has shown a steady increase in morbimortality indicators; it is considered a social problem and entails serious health risks. It is most prevalent health problem affecting all age groups, and leads to many complications in the form of chronic heart disease, diabetes mellitus type 2 and stroke. Alternative treatment of obesity is the traditional use of medicinal plants, which supports the research and development of obesity phototherapy. In this review 30 plant species data analyzed on the basis of taxonomy, chemical - biological studies and geographical distribution. A systematic review about safety and efficacy of herbal medicines in the management of obesity in human was carried out through references from PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Iran Medex online database.

Background: Chondromalacia patellae is a disorder that causes softening and degeneration of patellar cartilage, resulting in pain around the patella. It causes quadriceps muscular weakness, particularly in the vastus medialis. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of focused and eccentric contraction on chondromalacia and determine which is the most beneficial. Methodology: RCT was done on 50 males of age 18-25 years, were randomly divided into 2 groups: 1 is concentric group and the other is eccentric group. In both groups, all the exercises were performed 4 times/week for 6 weeks; each exercise should be done for 2 sets with 10 repetitions. NPRS and WOMAC scale was used as outcome measures and the readings were noted pre- and post- intervention. Results: The data was analyzed by JASP Software. The mean age value of eccentric group is 22.240±2.107 and concentric group is 21.880±2.205. The data shows that there is significant improvement in eccentric group in NPRS as the p...

In this study, hydrogen peroxide usage instead of sodium sulphide (Na 2 S) under alkaline condition in leather manufacturing was investigated, whether hydrogen peroxide could be an alternative to high pollutant conventional unhairing-liming process or not. Besides, the effect of hydrogen peroxide on leather properties and the pollution load of liming wastewater were studied. The results indicated that the unhairing and fiber opening performance of hydrogen peroxide were satisfactory and the physical characteristics of the leathers as well as the air permeability values were comparable to those obtained by conventional unhairing-liming process. In addition, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the sulfide values of the waste water were also lower than the conventional one.

Introduction: Treatment of cancer has been subject of great interest. Researchers are continuously searching for new medicines. In this sense, ruthenium complexes have big potential. Some evidences suggest that ruthenium compounds possess anticancer activities. We synthesized two recently published ruthenium(III) complexes with bidentate O,N and tridentate O,O,N Schiff bases derived from 5-substituted salicylaldehyde and aminophenol or anilineare. These compounds showed affinity for binding to the DNA molecule, however, insufficient data are available regarding their possible toxic effects on biological systems.Methods: In the present study we evaluated genotoxic, cytotoxic, and cytostatic effects of Na[RuCl2(L1)2] and Na[Ru(L2)2], using the Allium cepa assay.Results: Different toxic effects were observed depending on the substance, tested concentration, and endpoint measured. In general, the tested compounds significantly lowered the root growth and mitotic index values as compared...

Background: A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that can affect any portion of the urinary system (kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra). It&#39;s worth noting that the majority of UTIs affect the lower urinary tract. This infection has been identified as the most frequent bacterial illnesses, accounting for a significant portion of the workload in microbiological diagnostic laboratories. UTIs account for 15.5 percent of hospitalizations in individuals over the age of 65, and it has been reported as one of the most common types of infection among the elderly, particularly those in institutionalized care. Objectives: Our aim was   to retrospectively appraise and evaluate the bacteriological profile and antibiogram patterns in elderly adults visiting our private healthcare center. Methods: The retrospective survey was conducted on elderly patients who visited the hospital within the period of three years (October 2018- October 2021). Questionnaire designed was used to co...

Herein, microcrystalline cellulose obtained from rice husk (RH-MCC) has been evaluated for its role as a diluent in ascorbic acid tablet formulation, as well as disintegrant in dicalcium phosphate (DCP) compacts. Critical material attributes of the MCC including morphology (SEM), thermal behavior (DSC), micromeritic, flow, swelling and sorption properties correlated well to its roles, and are comparable to the well-known commercial brand, Avicel PH 101. Consequently, RH-MCC could function as a potential pharmaceutical excipient.

Lifestyle factors such as weight, salt intake, and physical activity have shown to be important in treating hypertension. The object of this study was to describe feasibility and to assess the effectiveness of a multicomponent lifestyle intervention on high blood pressure (BP) of Iranian women. This randomized controlled trial was conducted in four health centers by recruiting 161 women aged 35-65 years with high BP and randomizing them to a 4-week lifestyle modification (n = 80) or control group (n = 81). BP level and other health behavioral factors were assessed before and after the 4-week intervention and also after 6 months. The mean systolic BP changed from 158.8 (±8.1) mmHg to 153.2 (±6.4) mmHg during 4-week and to 145.5 (±4.6)) mmHg after 6 months in the intervention group (P &lt; 0.001). There was a significant difference between two groups of study after 4-week mean = 5.6 (confidence interval [CI] = 5.1-6.6) and 6 months follow mean (CI = 12.3-14.6).(P &lt; 0.001) A signifi...

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is a pregnancy-specific condition that occurs after the 20 th week of gestation. These physiologic changes can be aggravated by undernutrition. There are some evidence based on the importance of nutrient deficiency in developing this syndrome. Therefore, the aim of present study was to determine the nutritional risk factors for pregnancy induced hypertension in a group of pregnant women in Isfahan. In this case-control study, we recruited 46 Isfahanian pregnant women in two groups (with and without PIH). They were 19 to 45 year-old and they did not consume any antihypertensive or diuretic medications. Demographic questionnaire and food frequency questionnaire were filled in both groups. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in energy and vitamin E and C intakes between the two groups. Zinc and calcium intakes were lower in women with PIH compared to those without PIH (P = 0.04 and P = 0.007, respectively). Riboflavin and protein intakes were lower in women with PIH compared to subjects without PIH (P = 0.03 and P = 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Lower intake of calcium, zinc, riboflavin and protein should be considered as possible risk factors for PIH. Adequate intake of dairy products which are good sources of mentioned nutrients are recommended to prevent PIH.

Conclusions: MM LBCC produced concordant interpretations in 116 of 132 slides (88%). Fourteen of the 17 discordant cases were associated with scant or unsatisfactory squamous cellularity, indicating that a larger sample may be necessary for MM LBCC slides. Only one slide made without the DGM step produced an unsatisfactory sample due to obscuring WBC; in 48 of the 66 pairs (72%) the amount of WBC in the slide prepared without DGM was not more than double that in the slide prepared with DGM. Abnormal cells not identified in the original were found in the modified LBCC slides in one case. MM LBCC is simple to perform, requires less disposables than routinely prepared LBCC and can be performed in low resource settings including same day "see and treat" clinics.

Background:Studies suggest that 14% of women age 18 to 40 drink alcohol above recommended limits. Of special concern is the increasing use of alcohol by women during pregnancy. This article reports 48 month follow‐up data from a subanalysis of a trial for early alcohol treatment (Project TrEAT) focused on women of childbearing age.Methods:Project TrEAT was conducted in the offices of 64 primary care, community‐based physicians from 10 Wisconsin counties. Of 5979 female patients ages 18 to 40 who were screened for problem drinking, 205 were randomized into an experimental group (n= 103) or control group (n= 102). The intervention consisted of two 15 min, physician‐delivered counseling visits that included advice, education, and contracting by using a scripted workbook. A total of 174 subjects (85%) completed the 48 month follow‐up procedures.Results:No significant differences were found between the experimental and control groups at baseline for alcohol use, age, socioeconomic status...

Background: Radiolabeled metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is sensitive and specific for detecting neuroblastoma. The extent of MIBG-avid disease is assessed using Curie scores. Although Curie scoring is prognostic in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma, there is no standardized method to assess the response of specific sites of disease over time. The goal of this study was to develop approaches for Curie scoring to facilitate the calculation of scores and comparison of specific sites on serial scans. We designed three semiautomated methods for determining Curie scores, each with increasing degrees of computer assistance. Method A was based on visual assessment and tallying of MIBG-avid lesions. For method B, scores were tabulated from a schematic that associated anatomic regions to MIBG-positive lesions. For method C, an anatomic mesh was used to mark MIBG-positive lesions with automatic assignment and tallying of scores. Five imaging physicians experienced in MIBG interpretation scored 38 scans using each method, and the feasibility and utility of the methods were assessed using surveys. Results: There was good reliability between methods and observers. The user-interface methods required 57 to 110 seconds longer than the visual method. Imaging physicians indicated that it was useful that methods B and C enabled tracking of lesions. Imaging physicians preferred method B to method C because of its efficiency. We demonstrate the feasibility of semiautomated approaches for Curie score calculation. Although more time was needed for strategies B and C, the ability to track and document individual MIBG-positive lesions over time is a strength of these methods.

Cukrzyca typu 2 jako jedna z chorób cywilizacyjnych jest problemem świata współczesnego, w tym także ludności Polski (1). Istotną rolę w leczeniu zaburzeń gospodarki węglowodanowej odgrywa terapia behawioralna, której działania opierają się na stosowaniu odpowiedniej diety oraz regularnej aktywności fi zycznej. Przestrzeganie podstawowych zasad terapii cukrzycy spowalnia progresję choroby i ogranicza rozwój wielu komplikacji oraz opóźnia konieczność stosowania doustnych leków hipoglikemizujących i insulinoterapii (2). Wśród pacjentów z cukrzycą typu 2 często obserwuje się tendencje do nadwagi lub otyłości, co wymaga zastosowania ubogoenergetycznej diety redukcyjnej. Utrata masy ciała ma wpływ na poprawę stanu fi zjologicznego i metabolicznego ustroju poprzez lepsze wyrównanie glikemii i mniejszą skłonność do hiperglikemii oraz zwiększenie insulinowrażliwości tkanek (3). Celem badań była ocena realizacji przez chorych na cukrzycę typu 2 zasad żywienia rekomendowanego dla diabetyków. Oszacowano wartość energetyczną jadłospisów oraz zawartość składników odżywczych, niektórych witamin i składników mineralnych. Badaniem objęto 70 pacjentów z cukrzycą typu 2 (35 kobiet oraz 35 mężczyzn), w wieku 35-78 lat, z Ośrodka Diabetologicznego "POPULA" w Białymstoku. Średni wiek badanych wynosił 56,9±10 lat (kobiet 56,1±10 lat, natomiast mężczyzn 57,8±10 lat). Oceny stanu odżywienia pacjentów dokonano w oparciu o badania antropometryczne, obejmujące pomiary masy ciała i wzrostu.

The concept of in‐air output ratio was introduced to characterize how the incident photon fluence per monitor unit (or unit time for a Co‐60 unit) varies with collimator settings. However, there has been much confusion regarding the measurement technique to be used that has prevented the accurate and consistent determination of . The main thrust of the report is to devise a theoretical and measurement formalism that ensures interinstitutional consistency of . The in‐air output ratio, , is defined as the ratio of primary collision water kerma in free‐space, , per monitor unit between an arbitrary collimator setting and the reference collimator setting at the same ___location. Miniphantoms with sufficient lateral and longitudinal thicknesses to eliminate electron contamination and maintain transient electron equilibrium are recommended for the measurement of . The authors present a correction formalism to extrapolate the correct from the measured values using high‐ miniphantom. Miniphant...

Alkaptonuria (AKU) is a disorder of phenylalanine/tyrosine metabolism due to a defect in the enzyme homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (HGD). This recessive disease is caused by mutations in the HGD gene. We report a 14-year-old girl who was referred after presenting black urine. Careful examination revealed ochronosis of the conjunctiva. There was no affection of the cardiac valves. Elevated excretion of homogentisic acid in urine was found. Sequence analysis of the HGD gene from genomic DNA revealed that the patient is a compound heterozygote with a previously described mutation (c.473C > T, p.Pro158Leu), and a novel one (c.821C > T, p.Pro274Leu). Her mother is heterozygous for the novel mutation, while the brother is heterozygous for the previously described mutation. In summary, we describe an alkaptonuric patient with ocular ochronosis and a novel HGD mutation, c.821C > T, p.Pro274Leu.

While patients with HIV infection have an elevated stroke risk, ultrasound studies of carotid artery wall thickness have reported variable results. We hypothesized that subjects with HIV infection on chronic highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) would have increased carotid artery wall thickness by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This cross-sectional study compared carotid artery wall thickness between 26 individuals infected with HIV on chronic HAART and 20 controls, without HIV infection but with similar cardiovascular risk factors, using 3.0-T noncontrast MRI. Inclusion criteria included male gender, age 35-55 years, and chronic HAART (≥ 3 years) among HIV-seropositive subjects; those with known cardiovascular disease or diabetes were excluded. Between subjects with HIV infection and controls, there were no differences in mean (±SD) age (47.8 ± 5.0 vs. 47.8 ± 4.7 years, respectively; P = 0.19) or cardiovascular risk factors (P &gt; 0.05 for each). Mean (±SD) wall thickne...

The coexistence of a live fetus in a molar pregnancy is extremely rare and represents a challenge for the maternal-perinatal team. Obstetric aspects have been described previously, but it's possible effects on the newborn have not been detailed. The case that we present to our knowledge is the first to describe such outcomes. Aim of this case report is to describe the clinical events that occur in a neonate born from the previous coexistence of a molar pregnancy with a live fetus. Case Report: We present the case of a 35-week preterm neonate born by cesarean section due to loss of fetal well-being, who presented with severe intrauterine growth restriction and a high suspicion of intrauterine flow redistribution, with mild hyaline membrane disease. At 48 h after birth, enteral nutrition with infant formula was started in the absence of breast milk, reaching an oral volume of 75 cc/kg/day, after which he presented porraceous residues, abdominal distension, absence of hydroaerial noises, and deterioration. The diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis was considered, responding to medical management without the need for a surgical approach. The patient was discharged at 19 days of life with outpatient follow-up. The outcome of complications in a newborn of this rare coexistence is similar to those associated with prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction, the latter being more severe. It is important to focus on the mother-child binomial from the antenatal stage, as well as family-centered care in such a way that modifiable factors such as the degree of acceptance support and availability of autologous milk turn out to be important allies in the context of places with limited resources.