Physics

The mass and heat transfer in hybrid magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nanofluids is controlled by an autocatalytic chemical mechanism, which is the subject of the current study's thorough analysis. The focus of the work is on the nanolayers at interfaces, which link nanoparticles with the supporting fluids and enable coupled mass and heat transfer phenomena.To further investigate its effects, a uniform transverse magnetic field is added to the study.By using similarity methods, the governing nonlinear coupled partial differential equation that describes this sophisticated system is converted into a collection of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Two numerical approaches( Bvp4c) and the Shooting method, are used to solve the ODEs in order to get precise answers and do a comparison study. One interesting finding about the improvement of thermal performance is that a rise in nanolayer thickness (between 1 and 4) considerably adds to the enhancement. Additionally, it is discovered th...

The behavior of tropical clouds remains a major open scientific question, resulting in poor representation by models. One challenge is to realistically reproduce cloud droplet size distributions (DSDs) and their evolution over time and space. Many applications, not limited to models, use the gamma function to represent DSDs. However, even though the statistical characteristics of the gamma parameters have been widely studied, there is almost no study dedicated to understanding the phase space of this function and the associated physics. This phase space can be defined by the three parameters that define the DSD intercept, shape, and curvature. Gamma phase space may provide a com-mon framework for parameterizations and intercomparisons. Here, we introduce the phase space approach and its characteristics, focusing on warm-phase microphysical cloud properties and the transition to the mixed-phase layer. We show that trajectories in this phase space can represent DSD evolution and can be related to growth processes. Condensational and collisional growth may be interpreted as pseudo-forces that induce displacements in opposite directions within the phase space. The actually observed movements in the phase space are a result of the combination of such pseudo-forces. Additionally, aerosol effects can be evaluated given their significant impact on DSDs. The DSDs associated with liquid Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 14728 M. A. Cecchini et al.: Illustration of microphysical processes in Amazonian deep convective clouds droplets that favor cloud glaciation can be delimited in the phase space, which can help models to adequately predict the transition to the mixed phase. We also consider possible ways to constrain the DSD in two-moment bulk microphysics schemes, in which the relative dispersion parameter of the DSD can play a significant role. Overall, the gamma phase space approach can be an invaluable tool for studying cloud microphysical evolution and can be readily applied in many scenarios that rely on gamma DSDs.

We study the relativistic Vlasov-Maxwell system which describes large systems of particles interacting by means of their collectively generated forces. If the speed of light c is considered as a parameter then it is known that in the Newtonian limit c → ∞ the Vlasov-Poisson system is obtained. In this paper we determine the next order approximate system, which in the case of individual particles usually is called the Darwin approximation.

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kesulitan siswa dalam menyampaikan ide-idenya dalam menulis argumentasi karena kurangnya kreativitas siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengaru model pembelajaran inkuiri berbantuan media wordwall terhadap kemampuan menulis argumentasi oleh siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Siborongborong Tahun Ajaran 2022/2023. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimen two-group yaitu kelas eksperimen sebagai post-test dengan perlakuan dan kelas kontrol sebagai pre-test tanpa perlakuan. Alat pengumpul data adalah dengan tes tertulis dengan memperhatikan aspek-aspek penilaiannya. Hasil uji hipotesis dari daftar distribusi dengan tabel t untuk  = 0,05 dengan dk = (N1 + N2) – 2 = (35 + 36) – 2 = 69. Pada Ttabel dk = 69 diperoleh taraf signifikan  = 0,05 Ttabel = 1,667. Oleh karena itu to diperoleh lebih besar dari Ttabel yaitu 3,714 > 1,667, maka hipotesis nihil (Ho) ditolak dan hipotesis alternative (Ha) diterima. Dengan demikian ...

The need for food will continue to increase along with the rate of population growth that continues to rise, so it is necessary to develop alternative food ingredients, one of which is hanjeli. Before being processed, hanjeli undergoes several processes, namely drying, breaking the outer skin, polishing the aleuron layer, separating hanjeli rice from the bran, and flouring. Hanjeli is a food that has high nutrition, but its use is still limited. The problem that occurs in Waluran Mandiri Village, Waluran District, Sukabumi Regency is processing hanjeli into derivative products that have high economic value. Hanjeli flour can be used as a substitute for wheat flour in making cookies. The method used is training and mentoring. The products resulting from this training are hanjeli chocochips cookies, hanjeli pizza cookies, hanjeli nastar cookies, and peanut cookies hanjeli. The community was very enthusiastic about participating in the training. In conclusion, hanjeli flour can replace one hundred percent of wheat flour in the manufacture of various cookies.

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi adanya permasalahan hasil belajar pariwisata peserta didik kelas X Jasa Boga 2 belum optimal sebanyak 30% masih berada di bawah dan batas Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pendapat peserta didik tentang hasil belajar pariwisata pada aspek kemampuan pengetahuan dan keterampilan. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif analitik, dengan populasi peserta didik kelas X Jasa Boga di SMK Negeri 3 yang telah mempelajari “pariwisata”. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang dilakukan adalah Sampling Purposive dan sampel peneletian peserta didik kelas X Jasa Boga 2 sejumlah 35 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket. Kesimpulan pendapat peserta didik tentang hasil belajar pariwisata pada aspek kemampuan pengetahuan dan kemampuan keterampilam berada pada kategori cukup baik. Rekomendasi ditujukan kepada peserta didik kelas X Jasa Boga 2 agar dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan usaha jasa dan sar...

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya masalah yang ditemukan pada pembelajaran boga dasar di SMKN 3 Cimahi yaitu 58% peserta didik  belum memahami dengan baik  pada saat mengikuti pembelajaran di kelas.  Tujuan penelitian  untuk menggali  informasi manfaat yang dirasakan oleh peserta didik setelah mengikuti pembelajaran Boga Dasar menggunakan model discovery learning , ditinjau dari kompetensi pengetahuan, sikap, dan keterampilan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 145 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan sampel random jumlah sampel sebanyak 60 orang peserta didik kelas X jasa boga. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa persentase manfaat yang dirasakan oleh peserta didik pada kemampuan pengetahuan sebesar 64% berada pada kriteria cukup bermanfaat, pada kemampuan sikap sebesar 71% berada pada kriteria bermanfaat sedangkan pada kemampuan keterampilan sebesar 73% berada pada kriteria bermanfaat. Rekomendasi ditujukan u...

Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) merupakan program Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia tahun 2011 yang salah satu sasarannya adalah institusi pendidikan. Penerapan PHBS di sekolah bertujuan untuk mewujudkan salah satu tujuan pendidikan dasar yaitu menjadikan siswa menjadi manusia yang sehat. Studi pendahuluan yang dilakukan penulis melalui wawancara kepada Kepala Sekolah dan Guru SDN Andir 01 menemukan masih adanya siswa yang belum mengetahui pentingnya PHBS, seperti jajan sembarangan, tidak sarapan dan kurangnya sarana prasarana pendukung PHBS yang mengakibatkan penerapan PHBS di sekolah menjadi kurang efektif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai pengetahuan PHBS pada siswa SDN Andir 01. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa SDN Andir 01 dengan sampel siswa kelas 4 dan kelas 5 berjumlah 80 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (10%) re...

This study highlights the prevalent challenge of energy losses incurred in electrical and electronic systems, providing solutions to reduce or eliminate these energy losses to optimize energy. Marko Rodin, an American, has successfully furthered the concept of the vortex coil technology to what he now calls the Rodin solution, and it is now universally applicable in science, biology, medicine, genetics, astronomy, chemistry, computer science, physics, and astrophysics. Crude versions of the Rodin coil, created and tested by leading scientists and engineers, show 60% more efficiency than anything presently used in antennas, computer research, or life-saving medical devices. Over the years, some techniques have been postulated to optimize energy and enhance technological efficiency. Still, in this report, we shall see how the vortex coil technology tackles issues of inefficiency in Technology.

Bu calismanin amaci, Tekirdag Ili’nde hayvan diski atiklarindan elde edilecek olan biyogazdan elektrik enerjisi uretim potansiyelinin belirlenmesi ve gerekli yatirimlarin uygulanabilirliginin irdelenmesidir. Calismada 2013 yili verilerine dayanarak Tekirdag Ili’ndeki buyukbas, kucukbas ve kanatli hayvan varligi saptanmis ve bu kaynaklardan elde edilebilecek biyogaz potansiyeli laboratuarda yapilan analizlerle belirlenmistir. Oncelikle hayvan sayilarina bagli olarak yillik erisilebilecek atik miktarlari ve atiklarin toplam ucucu kati madde miktarlari hesaplanarak analiz sonuclarindan elde edilen birim metan potansiyeli (m3 CH4/ ton UKM) degerlerinden uretilebilecek metan gazi belirlenmistir. Yillik elde edilebilecek metan miktarindan net uretilebilecek elektrik ve isi enerjisi hesaplanarak kurulabilecek tesislerin fizibilitesi cikarilmistir. Fizibilite calismalarina esas olarak ise enerji uretim tesisinin ilk yatirim maliyeti, yillik isletme ve bakim maliyetleri ile enerji ve gubre u...

Reinforced concrete beam is normally used as a skeletal frame to withstand the loads on the building. However, a long-span beam requires a larger beam section due to the concerns of excessive deflection and failure. Under such circumstances, a large portion of beam strength is used to sustain its own weight which is uneconomical. This problem could be overcome by reducing some portions of concrete using lightweight materials like polystyrene. The replacement should technically be applied without affecting the structural performance of the beam. This study aimed to develop an optimum design of lightweight beam by incorporating polystyrene in the conventional reinforced concrete beam. The specimens were tested with a static load using the four-point load test in order to investigate the behaviour of the beam. The effects of the parameters, such as the spacing of the polystyrene, and the amount of reinforcements were observed. The performance of the beams was evaluated in terms of the ...

The spectrum of a Polchinski-Strominger type effective string theory, extended to all orders, herein called an effective string theory of the \emph{Polyakov-Liouville Type} (for obvious reasons) is investigated to all orders in the small parameter $R^{-1}$. Here $R$ is the length of the \emph{closed} string. It is established that to \emph{all orders} the spectrum of this theory is \emph{identical} to

Kreativitas dan keahlian adalah hal yang sangat erat kaitannya, dengan memanfaatkan benda-benda di sekitar kita, kita bisa memciptakan sebuah hasil karya yang menakjubkan serta memiliki nilai jual di masyarakat, dengan memanfaatkan barang bekas dan sampah kami berusaha mendampingi para pemuda di lingkungan Sambitileng desa Purwantoro untuk menjadi kreatif dan inovatif sebagaimana tema dari KPMT yaitu Membangun Desa Yang Kreatif dan Inovatif Dalam Bidang Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan Dengan Optimalisasi Digital Marketing, Untuk merealisasikan tujuana dari KPMT tersebut kami mengadakan kegiatan pendampingan Pelatihan Pemanfaatan pipa PVC Bekas menjadi lampu hias di lingkungan sambitileng, dengan Kegiatan Yang Meliputi Perencanaan dan Persiapan, pelaksaan serta di akhiri dengan evaluasi, tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah untuk melatih dan mengasah skill pemuda supaya lebih kreatif dan inovatif. Metode yang digunakan yaitu PAR (partisipatori action reseach) metode ini di awali dengan perencanaan dan persiapan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi yang kami lakukan di posko kelompok satu. Adapun hasil dari pelatihan ini diketahui bahwa perlu bimbingan serta jam tayang yang banyak agar mereka mahir dan Cakap didalam membuat kerajinan lampu hias ini, karena di dalam membuat hasil karya lampu hias ini diperlukan kesabaran dan ketelitian agar hasil yang didapat sesuai dengan ekspetasi dan tidak mengecewakan

Lkkj Lkkj Lkkj Lkkj & bl 'kks /k&Ik= es a nf{k.kh if'peh ekulw u dh vof/k ds nkS jku ca xykns 'k es a Hkkjh o"kkZ ds dkj.k vkus okyh ck<+ dk uS nkfud v/;;u fd;k x;k gS A bl v/;;u dk eq [; mnñs '; ca xykns 'k ds unh cs fluks a ds m/oZ iz okg okys Hkkxks a es a yxkrkj gks us okyh Hkkjh o"kkZ dh flukW fIVd fLFkfr;ks a dk irk yxkuk gS A o"kZ 1987 vkS j 1998 ds nkS jku gq bZ lcls vf/kd o"kkZ vkS j lcls vf/kd ck<+ okys nks o"kks Z a dk Hkkjh o"kkZ okys rw Qku ds la ca /k es a v/;;u fd;k x;k gS A bZ -lh-,e-MCY;w -,Q-bZ -vkj-,-&40 ls muds fQi lkbV ls Mkmuyks M fd, x, uS nkfud fo'ys "k.k ds fy, ekS le la ca /kh ekufp= rS ;kj fd, x, gS a A y?kq vof/k es a o"kkZ dk iz fr:i.k djus ds fy, ¶yks fjMk jkT; fo'ofo|ky; ds lhfer {ks = iw okZ uq eku fun'kZ dk mi;ks x fd;k x;k gS A bl fun'kZ dks {kS frt fxz M ij vk/kk fMxz h v{kka 'k@ns 'kkra j vkS j Å/okZ /kj es a 16 flxek Lrjks a ij O;kogkfjd cukus ds fy, iz ;q Dr fd;k x;k gS A v/;;u okys bu o"kks Z a es a ck<+ ykus okys o"kkZ &rw Qkuks a ds fy, mRrjnk;h lkekU; flukW fIVd fLFkfr] bu mRrjh ca xykns 'k es a mRrjkfHkeq [kh v{kka 'k ij ekS leh ekulw u nz ks .kh ds v{k dh vofLFkfr vkS j cM+ s iS ekus ij ifjla pj.k dh fola xfr;ks a ds iz HkkoLo:Ik mi;q Z Dr fLFkfr;ks a es a fLFkj ikbZ xbZ gS A lhfer {ks = fun'kZ ls o"kkZ ds iw okZ uq eku 24 ?ka Vks a vkS j 48 ?ka Vks a dh iw okZ uq eku vof/k;ks a es a iz kIr gq , gS tks iz s f{kr o"kkZ forj. ABSTRACT. A diagnostic study of flood producing heavy rainfall in Bangladesh during the southwest monsoon period has been carried out. The study focuses on identifying the synoptic situations leading to persistent heavy rainfall within Bangladesh and in the upstream portions of the river basins of Bangladesh. Case studies are carried out in respect of heavy rainstorms in the two most outstanding excess rainfall and flood years 1987 and 1998. The weather maps for diagnostic analysis are prepared from ECMWF ERA-40 Reanalysis data sets downloaded from their ftp site. A limited area forecast model based on Florida State University has been used for simulating the precipitation in short range. The model has been customized to run on half degree Lat./Long. horizontal grid and 16 sigma levels in the vertical. The common synoptic situation responsible for flood producing rainstorms in the years examined is the positioning of the axis of seasonal monsoon trough in a northerly latitude over north Bangladesh and persistence of the above conditions under the influence of large scale circulation anomalies. The limited area model produced precipitation forecasts in 24h and 48h forecast ranges, which were reasonably well placed with reference to the observed rainfall distribution.

The quantum Rabi model (QRM) is widely recognized as an important model in quantum systems, particularly in quantum optics. The Hamiltonian H Rabi is known to have a parity decomposition H Rabi = H+ ⊕ H-. In this paper, we give the explicit formulas for the propagator of the Schrödinger equation (integral kernel of the time evolution operator) for the Hamiltonian H Rabi and H± by the Wick rotation (meromorphic continuation) of the corresponding heat kernels. In addition, as in the case of the full Hamiltonian of the QRM, we show that for the Hamiltonians H±, the spectral determinant is, up to a non-vanishing entire function, equal to the Braak G-function (for each parity) used to prove the integrability of the QRM. To do this, we show the meromorphic continuation of the spectral zeta function of the Hamiltonians H± and give some of its basic properties. Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Revisited: the discrete path integral for the heat kernel of QRM 3 2.1. Explicit formulas for heat kernel and partition function 7 3. Propagator of the QRM 8 4. Spectral determinant for parity Hamiltonians and Braak's G-functions 12 Appendix A. Proof of meromorphic continuation of the spectral zeta function 14 Appendix B. Confluent Heun picture and G-functions of the QRM 18 Acknowledgements 21 References 21

The quantum Rabi model (QRM) is widely recognized as a particularly important model in quantum optics and beyond. It is considered to be the simplest and most fundamental system describing quantum lightmatter interaction. The objective of the paper is to give an analytical formula of the heat kernel of the Hamiltonian explicitly by infinite series of iterated integrals. The derivation of the formula is based on the direct evaluation of the Trotter-Kato product formula without the use of Feynman-Kac path integrals. More precisely, the infinite sum in the expression of the heat kernel arises from the reduction of the Trotter-Kato product formula into sums over the orbits of the action of the infinite symmetric group S∞ on the group Z ∞ 2 , and the iterated integrals are then considered as the orbital integral for each orbit. Here, the groups Z ∞ 2 and S∞ are the inductive limit of the families {Z n 2 } n≥0 and {Sn} n≥0 , respectively. In order to complete the reduction, an extensive study of harmonic (Fourier) analysis on the inductive family of abelian groups Z n 2 (n ≥ 0) together with a graph theoretical investigation is crucial. To the best knowledge of the authors, this is the first explicit computation for obtaining a closed formula of the heat kernel for a non-trivial realistic interacting quantum system. The heat kernel of this model is further given by a two-by-two matrix valued function and is expressed as a direct sum of two respective heat kernels representing the parity (Z 2 -symmetry) decomposition of the Hamiltonian by parity.

The purpose of the present paper is to study the number theoretic properties of the special values of the spectral zeta functions of the non-commutative harmonic oscillator (NcHO), especially in relation to modular forms and elliptic curves from the viewpoint of Fuchsian differential equations, and deepen the understanding of the spectrum of the NcHO. We study first the general expression of special values of the spectral zeta function ζ Q (s) of the NcHO at s = n (n = 2, 3, . . . ) and then the generating and meta-generating functions for Apéry-like numbers defined through the analysis of special values ζ Q (n). Actually, we show that the generating function w 2n of such Apéry-like numbers appearing (as the "first anomaly") in ζ Q (2n) for n = 2 gives an example of automorphic integral with rational period functions in the sense of Knopp, but still a better explanation remains to be clarified explicitly for n > 2. This is a generalization of our earlier result on showing that w 2 is interpreted as a Γ(2)-modular form of weight 1. Moreover, certain congruence relations over primes for "normalized" Apéry-like numbers are also proven. In order to describe w 2n in a similar manner as w 2 , we introduce a differential Eisenstein series by using analytic continuation of a classical generalized Eisenstein series due to Berndt. The differential Eisenstein series is actually a typical example of the automorphic integral of negative weight. We then have an explicit expression of w 4 in terms of the differential Eisenstein series. We discuss also shortly the Hecke operators acting on such automorphic integrals and relating Eichler's cohomology group.

The quantum Rabi model (QRM) is widely recognized as an important model in quantum systems, particularly in quantum optics. The Hamiltonian H Rabi is known to have a parity decomposition H Rabi = H + ⊕ H −. In this paper, we give the explicit formulas for the propagator of the Schrödinger equation (integral kernel of the time evolution operator) for the Hamiltonian H Rabi and H ± by the Wick rotation (meromorphic continuation) of the corresponding heat kernels. In addition, as in the case of the full Hamiltonian of the QRM, we show that for the Hamiltonians H ±, the spectral determinant is, up to a non-vanishing entire function, equal to the Braak G-function (for each parity) used to prove the integrability of the QRM. To do this, we show the meromorphic continuation of the spectral zeta function of the Hamiltonians H ± and give some of its basic properties.

The quantum Rabi model (QRM) is widely recognized as a particularly important model in quantum optics. It is considered to be the simplest and most fundamental system describing quantum light-matter interaction. The paper has two objectives. The first one is to give an analytical formula of the heat kernel of the Hamiltonian explicitly by infinite series of iterated integrals. The derivation of the formula is based on the Trotter-Kato product formula, but without the use of path integrals. To the best knowledge of the authors, this is the first explicit computation for obtaining a closed formula of the heat kernel for a non-trivial interacting quantum system. The heat kernel of this model is further given by a two-by-two matrix valued function and is expressed as a direct sum of two respective heat kernels representing the parity ($\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetry) decomposition of the Hamiltonian. The second objective is to show basic properties of the spectral zeta function for the QRM (and...

The purpose of this paper is to study the exceptional eigenvalues of the asymmetric quantum Rabi models (AQRMs), specifically, to determine the degeneracy of their eigenstates. Here, the Hamiltonian $H_{\textrm{Rabi}}^{\varepsilon }$ of the AQRM is defined by adding the fluctuation term $\varepsilon \sigma _x$, with $\sigma _x$ being the Pauli matrix, to the Hamiltonian of the quantum Rabi model, breaking its $\mathbb{Z}_{2}$-symmetry. The spectrum of $H_{\textrm{Rabi}}^{\varepsilon }$ contains a set of exceptional eigenvalues, considered to be remains of the eigenvalues of the uncoupled bosonic mode, which are further classified in two types: Juddian, associated with polynomial eigensolutions, and non-Juddian exceptional. We explicitly describe the constraint relations for allowing the model to have exceptional eigenvalues. By studying these relations we obtain the proof of the conjecture on constraint polynomials previously proposed by the third author. In fact we prove that the s...

The influence of radio frequency microwaves on the Coulomb blockade characteristics in small Josephson junctions was studied using a one-dimensional array of ten small Al tunnel junctions in the frequency range from 1 MHz to 1000 MHz. Coulomb blockade voltage ($V_{\rm th}$) is diminished with increasing microwave power ($V_{\rm ac}$), where the $V_{\rm th}$-$V_{\rm ac}$ plots for varied frequencies fall on a single curve. We observed and theoretically analyzed a magnetic field dependent renormalization of the applied microwave power, in addition to a magnetic-field independent renormalization effect explained using an effective circuit approach of the array. Due to its high sensitivity to microwave power, the array is well-suited for on-chip detection applications in low temperature environments.

Rapid-single-flux-quantum digital-to-analogue converters (RSFQ-DACs) are now under development for ac voltage standard applications. The voltage multiplier (VM), which precisely amplifies the input voltage, is a key component for RSFQ-DACs. Because the amount of bias current for a conventional VM increases in proportion to its multiplication factor, we have been looking for a VM device which is operated on a different principle. In this paper, we report our design of a 1000-fold VM comprising double flux quantum amplifiers (DFQAs) of which the amount of bias current is independent of its multiplication factor. Test circuits were fabricated using a 2.5 kA/cm 2 Nb process. We confirm that the experimental results demonstrate the 1000-fold operation up to 13.2 GHz input SFQ pulse repetition frequency.

The magneto-Coulomb oscillation, the single electron repopulation induced by external magnetic field, observed in a ferromagnetic single electron transistor is further examined in various ferromagnetic single electron devices. In case of double-and triple-junction devices made of Ni and Co electrodes, the single electron repopulation always occurs from Ni to Co electrodes with increasing a magnetic field, irrespective of the configurations of the electrodes. The period of the magneto-Coulomb oscillation is proportional to the single electron charging energy. All these features are consistently explained by the mechanism that the Zeeman effect induces changes of the Fermi energy of the ferromagnetic metal having a non-zero spin polarizations. Experimentally determined spin polarizations are negative for both Ni and Co and the magnitude is larger for Ni than Co as expected from band calculations.

Generator Sinkron Magnet Permanen merupakan salah satu komponen dalam sistem pembangkit listrik. Dalam proses pengaplikasian generator pada sistem pembangkit listrik, diperlukan nilai kecepatan putar generator yang ideal agar dapat menghasilkan daya yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan kapasitasnya. Untuk menentukan kondisi ideal ini, maka dilakukan uji coba generator melalui simulasi menggunakan perangkat lunak sehingga dapat mengurangi trial dan error saat proses pengaplikasian dilakukan. Generator Sinkron Magnet Permanen telah dirancang menggunakan perangkat lunak MotorSolve dan berhasil disimulasikan menggunakan perangkat lunak Magnet Infolytica. Generator dirancang dengan kombinasi 36 Slot 12 Pole menggunakan magnet berbahan Neodymium Iron Boron. Kapasitas daya generator berskala mikro (<100 kW), dengan daya keluaran maksimal sebesar 3000 watt. Simulasi dilakukan dengan rangkaian terbuka (open circuit) dan rangkaian dengan beban 47Ω, pada kecepatan putar 100 RPM sampai dengan 1000 RPM. Melalui proses simulasi, didapatkan nilai kecepatan putar ideal generator, yaitu pada putaran 300 RPM sampai dengan 500 RPM. Pada kecepatan putar tersebut, generator dapat bekerja sesuai dengan kapasitasnya. Nilai daya keluaran generator sebesar 1.020,08 watt pada kecepatan putar 300 RPM, 1.728,67 watt pada kecepatan putar 400 RPM dan 2.537,76 watt pada kecepatan putar 500 RPM.

Integrated electrical and photonic circuits (PIC) operating at cryogenic temperatures are fundamental building blocks required to achieve scalable quantum computing, and cryogenic computing technologies 1-4 . Optical interconnects offer better performance and thermal insulation than electrical wires and are imperative for true quantum communication. Silicon PICs have matured for room temperature applications but their cryogenic performance is limited by the absence of efficient low temperature electro-optic (EO) modulation. While detectors and lasers perform better at low temperature 5,6 , cryogenic optical switching remains an unsolved challenge. Here we demonstrate EO switching and modulation from room temperature down to 4 K by using the Pockels effect in integrated barium titanate (BaTiO3)-based devices 7 . We report the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of BaTiO3 in a temperature range which has previously not been explored, showing an effective Pockels coefficient of 200 pm/V at 4 K. We demonstrate the largest EO bandwidth (30 GHz) of any cryogenic switch to date, ultra-low-power tuning which is 10 9 times more efficient than thermal tuning, and high-speed data modulation at 20 Gbps. Our results demonstrate a missing component for cryogenic PICs. It removes major roadblocks for the realisation of novel cryogenic-compatible systems in the field of quantum computing and supercomputing, and for interfacing those systems with the real world at room-temperature. Cryogenic technologies are becoming essential for future computing systems, a trend fuelled by the world-wide quest to develop quantum computing systems and future generations of highperformance classical computing systems . While most computing architectures rely solely on electronic circuits, photonic components are becoming increasingly important in two areas. First, PICs can be used for quantum computing approaches where the quantum nature of photons is

STEP-NC is known as a Standard for Product Model Data Exchange which aims to be the next generation for Computer Numerical controller. It provides a new breed of intelligence to the CNC controller in terms of interoperability, flexibility, adaptability, and extensibility. Based on that capability, the conventional programming standard known as International Standard Organization data Interface (ISO 6983) needs to be replaced with the STEP-NC ISO14649. This article presents an overview of work done to capture the trend of Closed-loop machining (CLM) based on the application of STEP-NC standard. A study stated that CLM improves the machining process and enables a part to be manufactured accurately and efficiently through optimization.

Penelitian Tahap I bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil asam lemak, kandungan ω-3, 6 dan 9, serta beberapa karakteristik minyak ikan seperti bilangan penyabunan, bilangan asam, bilangan peroksida, bilangan iod dan indeks efektivitas beberapa jenis minyak ikan yang berasal dari ikan di perairan Propinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Hasil penelitian Tahap I diperoleh minyak ikan terbaik yaitu yang mengandung ω-3, 6 dan 9 tertinggi didukung oleh karakteristik minyak ikan dan hasil uji indeks efektivitas. Spektrum hasil analisis dengan metode kromatografi gas (GC) dari 3 ulangan percobaan dan data hasil perhitungan dari rancangan percobaan acak lengkap (RAL) disajikan di Lampiran 10 dan 11. Rerata kandungan ω-3, 6, 9, profil asam lemak, karakteristik dan uji indeks efektivitas beberapa jenis minyak ikan disajikan di Tabel 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 dan 5.4. Minyak ikan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah minyak ikan tongkol (Euthynus spp.), ikan kakap merah (Lutjanus sp.), ikan selar (Selaroides spp.), ikan...

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan kombinasi makroalga sebagai biofilter yang berbeda terhadap sintasan dan pertumbuhan juvenil abalon pada sistem resirkulasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 ulangan, dimana ada tiga perlakuan menggunakan 3 kombinasi makroalga yang berbeda, yaitu: perlakuan A (Gracillaria verrucosa dan Galaxaura sp.), B (G. verrucosa dan Ulva sp.) dan C (Ulva sp. dan Galaxaura sp.). Ukuran panjang cangkang juvenil abalon yang digunakan yaitu 0.5-0.7cm dan diberi pakan makroalga jenis G. verrucosa secara ad libitum selama penelitian. Kecepatan air sistem resirkulasi 4.8ltr/menit, sehingga terjadi pertukaran air pada wadah hewan uji sebesar 6912 liter atau hampir 700% dalam 24 jam. Hasil analisis sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan tidak memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata (P > 0,05) terhadap pertumbuhan dan sitasan abalon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kualitas air yang baik pada ketiga perlakuan dengan sintasan 100% selama masa pemeliharaan. Oleh karena itu, maka disarankan untuk melakukan studi lanjut dengan menggunakan biofilter makroalga pada sistem resirkulasi dengan memelihara abalon pada kepadatan maksimal sehingga akan menghasilkan produksi juvenil abalon yang lebih banyak.

Kulit telur ayam ras lebih tipis dibandingkan dengan telur itik sehingga sering pecah pada kulit telurnya jika dilakukan pengolahan menjadi telur asin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh berbagai level penggunaan bubuk kulit telur dan abu gosok terhadap kualitas fisik dan organoleptik telur ayam ras asin. Penelitian ini menggunakan RAK dan RAL faktorial terdiri dari dua faktor yaitu faktor A T1 (100% bubuk kulit telur), T2 (70% bubuk kulit telur), dan T3 (40% bubuk kulit telur) serta faktor B A1 (0% abu gosok), A2 (30% abu gosok) dan A3 (60% abu gosok) yang setiap perlakuan diulang 3 kali. Parameter adalah uji fisik persentase kehilangan berat telur, daya pecah kulit telur dan uji organoleptik. Perlakuan memberikan pengaruh interaksi yang sangat nyata (p&gt;0,01) pada rasa dan warna, memberikan pengaruh tunggal yang sangat nyata terhadap daya pecah kulit (p&gt;0,01) dan memberikan pengaruh yang tidak nyata (p&lt;0,05) terhadap presentase kehilangan berat dan aroma te...

The analysis of electromagnetic scattering has long been performed on a discrete representation of the geometry. This representation is typically continuous but not differentiable. The need to define physical quantities on this geometric representation has led to development of sets of basis functions that need to satisfy constraints at the boundaries of the elements/tesselations (viz., continuity of normal or tangential components across element boundaries). For electromagnetics, these result in either curl/div-conforming basis sets. The geometric representation used for analysis is in stark contrast with that used for design, wherein the surface representation is higher order differentiable. Using this representation for both geometry and physics on geometry has several advantages, and is eludicated in Hughes et al., Isogeometric analysis: CAD, finite elements, NURBS, exact geometry and mesh refinement, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 194 (39-41) (2005). Until now, a bulk of the literature on isogeometric methods have been limited to solid mechanics, with some effort to create NURBS based basis functions for electromagnetic analysis. In this paper, we present the first complete isogeometry solution methodology for the electric field integral equation as applied to simply connected structures. This paper systematically proceeds through surface representation using subdivision, definition of vector basis functions on this surface, to fidelity in the solution of integral equations. We also present techniques to stabilize the solution at low frequencies, and impose a Calderón preconditioner. Several results presented serve to validate the proposed approach as well as demonstrate some of its capabilities.

The geometric nature of Euler fluids has been clearly identified and extensively studied in mathematics. However computational approaches to fluid mechanics, mostly derived from a numerical-analytic point of view, are rarely designed with structure preservation in mind, and often suffer from spurious numerical artifacts. In contrast, we geometrically derive discrete equations of motion for fluid dynamics from first principles. Our approach uses a finite-dimensional Lie group to discretize the group of volume-preserving diffeomorphisms, and the discrete Euler equations are derived from a variational principle with non-holonomic constraints. The resulting discrete equations of motion induce a structure-preserving time integrator with good longterm energy behavior, for which an exact discrete Kelvin circulation theorem holds. Possible extensions of our method to magnetohydrodynamics, viscous flows, optimal transport and a link to Brenier's generalized flows are also discussed. vi

In this paper, we present a numerical technique for performing Lie advection of arbitrary differential forms. Leveraging advances in high-resolution finite volume methods for scalar hyperbolic conservation laws, we first discretize the interior product (also called contraction) through integrals over Eulerian approximations of extrusions. This, along with Cartan's homotopy formula and a discrete exterior derivative, can then be used to derive a discrete Lie derivative. The usefulness of this operator is demonstrated through the numerical advection of scalar fields and 1-forms on regular grids.

This study aims to determine the effect of ostindo fertilizer and leaf defoliation on corn  yield (Zea masy L. ) . The study began in October 2018 until January 2019, located in the village of Bendang Raya, Tenggarong District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency. This study was arranged in a Randomized Complate Block Design (RCBD) with a 4 x 3 factorial analysis with replications three times. The first factor for giving ostindo fertilizer (p) consisted of 3 levels, namely, p 0 (untreated control), p 1 (45 g plot -1 ), and p 2 (90 g plot -1 ) and the second factor leaf defoliation (d) that is, d 0 (control without treatment), d 1 (70 days), d2 (77 days), and d 3 (84 days). The results showed that ostindo fertilizer removal had no significant effect on the parameters of observation of plant height, leaf defoliation weight, ear weight without weight per plant, weight of crop seeds, including the weight of 100 seeds. With the highest yield average dry weight per hectare (t ha -1 ), that is in tr...

Menanggapi penyebaran COVID-19, virus corona baru, seluruh sekolah di Indonesia telah menerapkan pembelajaran jarak jauh. Pendekatan pendidikan ini dapat mencegah siswa dari ketertinggalan pelajaran selama penutupan sekolah. Namun, beberapa sekolah tidak memiliki sumber daya yang cukup untuk memberikan kesempatan belajar bagi siswa, dan tidak semua anak memiliki akses internet di rumah. Sebagai sekolah yang memiliki siswa dari tingkat ekonomi menengah ke bawah, SMP Mutiara 3 harus memiliki cara effective dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran jarak jauh. Pemanfaatan media sosial dan serta sumber daya dari internet yang dapat digunakan secara gratis merupakan langkah yang digunakan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh Metode Virtual Filed Trip (VFTs) dalam meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa selama pandemi. Metode ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan model discovery learning. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dengan dua siklus diperoleh pada sikus pertama jumlah si...

This paper explores the "triangulation approach" in social science research methods. Triangulation is an emerging method specifically in qualitative and multi-method studies. Researchers in the social sciences have increased their use of the triangulation approach recently due to the merits of this approach, especially to conduct in-depth studies through multiple inquiries. Simultaneously, this method has criticism and misconceptions among social researchers in terms of what it is, how it can be used, and the credibility of the findings when used. Therefore, this paper analyses in depth what triangulation is, the types of triangulations and how they can be applied in the social sciences. The study basically adopted systematic literature review and used 30 articles published in scientific journals. The paper critically reviewed journal articles related to triangulation, revealed how different types of triangulation methods have been applied in the social sciences and highlighted the merits and cautions of applying this method. The paper theoretically contributes to understanding the phenomenon of the triangulation approach and how it connects with qualitative and multi-method studies. In addition, it revealed that the following data collection techniques from multiple sources can be exploited: in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, literature, documents, and surveys on the triangulation method to improve the credibility and reliability of the research. Furthermore, the study empirically contributes to social science researchers applying this approach with proper understanding.

The first aim of this study investigated how the Genre Based Approach (GBA) can be used to build the university students’ motivation in reading procedure text. The second is how GBA can be used to solve the students’ difficulties in reading procedure text. It used a qualitative approach which involved the case study method. The research participants in this research were 10 of first semester students who took the advanced reading at the Informatics Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, UMT. The GBA can be used to build the students’ motivation (by using the extrinsic factors of motivation), and it can be used to solve the students’ difficulties. The researchers implicate, the lecturer should apply GBA to increase the university students’ motivation and helps their challenges in reading procedure text. Based on the observation, there were many students uncaring about it until the lecturer commanded them to read a procedure text. Moreover, we hope that other researchers will...

Citizens' trust is fundamental to the proper functioning of public institutions. This paper explores how the construct of 'political trust' can be measured to reflect the underlying theoretical factors driving trust levels. It proposes a quantitative methodology to develop a scale that measures trust in public regulatory institutions. Some measurements of trust are dependent on a scale for questions such as 'What is your level of trust in…?' Alternatively, composite indicators are used, based on, for example, trust levels in a set of public institutions. Such measures do not recognise what influences a citizen's trust. The methodology presented here is also a composite measure but incorporates nine drivers and their extent of influence on a citizen's trust. These drivers, identified through a literature review on political trust, include consistency, transparency, outcomes, competence, integrity, openness and inclusiveness, fairness, reliability and responsiveness. The proposed methodology follows four steps: (i) It determines drivers that citizens recognise as influential on their trust in a regulatory institution; (ii) it establishes the extent to which the drivers are influential; (iii) the institution is rated on a scale for each factor; and (iv) each factor rating is weighted on the extent of its influence and a weighted average is computed to determine the level of trust. This methodology was applied to measure trust in Malta's environmental authorities following a demerger. A survey was conducted with the questionnaire's design reflecting this methodology. The empirical findings confirmed that all these factors lead to trust, but variations in the extent to which each driver influences a citizen's trust exist. Responsiveness, outcomes, integrity and openness emerged as slightly less influential on citizens' trust, whereas fairness, consistency, reliability, transparency and competence were the most influential factors. Significant differences are recorded when comparing methods of measuring trust for the two institutions. This composite measure recognises the multidimensional nature of trust, is grounded in the construct's theoretical foundations and provides reasons for variations in trust levels. Institutions can adopt this approach as a tool to regularly monitor citizens' trust and identify areas requiring attention.

Efek samping dari akseptor KB suntik berupa gangguan haid, depresi, rambut rontok, jerawat, perubahan libido, keputihan, mual muntah, pusing, perubahan berat badan, salah satu penyebabnya adalah lamanya pemakaian. Hal itu dapat berdampak pada gangguan hormonal, gangguan tingkat kesuburan, penumpukan kolesterol akibat timbunan lemak, infeksi, perdarahan vaginal yang berat, keputihan berlebih, klien drop out dari KB suntik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui adanya hubungan antara lama pemakaian kontrasepsi suntik Depo Medroksiprogesterone acetate (DMPA) dengan timbulnya efek samping pada akseptor KB. Jenis penelitian ini analitik korelasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian ini adalah akseptor kontrasepsi suntik 3 bulan yang telah menggunakan kontrasepsi minimal 3 bulan sebanyak 50 responden. Analisis data dilakukan secara bivariat menggunakan uji spearman rho. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 22 aksseptor (44%) mengalami efek samping berat dan sebagian besar mengalami efek samping setelah pemakaian kontrasepsi suntik DMPA > 3 bulan hingga 1 tahun (60%). Terdapat hubungan ke arah positif dan signifikan antara lama pemakaian kontrasepsi suntik DMPA dengan timbulnya efek samping (ρ = 0,000 < 0,05). Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa timbulnya efek samping sangat dipengaruhi oleh lamanya penggunaan KB suntik DMPA.

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI v PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI vi KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur kepada Allah Yang Maha Esa atas limpahan rahmat dan hidayah-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan penelitian dan penyusunan skripsi ini. Penulis sadar bahwa dalam penyusunan skripsi ini banyak membutuhkan bantuan, doa dan dukungan dari berbagai pihak, oleh karena itu dalam kesempatan ini perkenankanlah penulis untuk menyampaikan rasa terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah memberikan bantuan, doa dan dukungan dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Ucapan terima kasih penulis tujukan kepada:

Kecamatan Cisarua memiliki potensi terhadap budidaya Krisan dan merupakan salah satu daerah sentra produsen tanaman krisan di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Permasalahan yang umum terjadi pada budidaya krisan di Indonesia yaitu rendahnya mutu dan mahalnya benih krisan yang digunakan. Permasalahan tersebut juga dialami oleh Kecamatan Cisarua meskipun telah menjadi kecamatan yang menjadi sentra produsen krisan namun tidak didukung dengan penyediaan bibit yang berkualitas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi kesesuaian lahan aktual untuk tanaman krisan yang memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi, menganalisis faktor-faktor pembatas dan upaya perbaikan yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kelas kesesuaian lahan yang sesuai dan menganalisis kondisi sosial ekonomi petani krisan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu metode matching. Metode matching merupakan metode yang dilakukan dengan mencocokkan karakter...

Efek samping dari akseptor KB suntik berupa gangguan haid, depresi, rambut rontok, jerawat, perubahan libido, keputihan, mual muntah, pusing, perubahan berat badan, salah satu penyebabnya adalah lamanya pemakaian. Hal itu dapat berdampak pada gangguan hormonal, gangguan tingkat kesuburan, penumpukan kolesterol akibat timbunan lemak, infeksi, perdarahan vaginal yang berat, keputihan berlebih, klien drop out dari KB suntik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui adanya hubungan antara lama pemakaian kontrasepsi suntik Depo Medroksiprogesterone acetate (DMPA) dengan timbulnya efek samping pada akseptor KB. Jenis penelitian ini analitik korelasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian ini adalah akseptor kontrasepsi suntik 3 bulan yang telah menggunakan kontrasepsi minimal 3 bulan sebanyak 50 responden. Analisis data dilakukan secara bivariat menggunakan uji spearman rho. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 22 aksseptor (44%) mengalami efek samping berat dan sebagian besar mengalami efek samping setelah pemakaian kontrasepsi suntik DMPA > 3 bulan hingga 1 tahun (60%). Terdapat hubungan ke arah positif dan signifikan antara lama pemakaian kontrasepsi suntik DMPA dengan timbulnya efek samping (ρ = 0,000 < 0,05). Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa timbulnya efek samping sangat dipengaruhi oleh lamanya penggunaan KB suntik DMPA.

Sampah plastik yang memenuhi pesisir dan laut telah menganggu aktivitas penangkapan ikan oleh nelayan skala kecil di Jakarta. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis dampak kerugian ekonomi akibat sampah plastik di laut terhadap aktivitas nelayan skala kecil di Jakarta. Objek penelitian ini adalah nelayan kecil yang didefinisikan dalam UU Nomor 7 Tahun 2016 sebagai nelayan yang menggunakkan kapal penangkapan ikan berukuran paling besar 10 gros ton (GT). Untuk itu, narasumber dibagi menjadi nelayan 0 GT, 3 GT, 5 GT, 7 GT, dan 10 GT. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat studi kasus sehingga pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi dan wawancara terstruktur menggunakan kuesioner, sedangkan analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua kategori nelayan skala kecil di Jakarta mengalami perubahan upaya penangkapan ikan akibat sampah plastik di laut. Nelayan 0 GT merupakan nelayan yang paling besar mengalami peni...

Infrared spectrophotometric observations from 0.8 to 2.5 km are presented for the narrow-line, type 1 Seyfert galaxy I Zw 1. The data clearly reveal Fe II j9997, j10501, j10863, and j11126Èthe so-called "" 1 km Fe II lines.ÏÏ These features are by far the strongest Fe II transitions in the entire 0.8È2.5 km spectral region and, relative to the hydrogen lines, are equal or stronger in I Zw 1 than in any of the Galactic sources in which they have been detected previously. The 1 km Fe II lines, which share a common upper term, are probably emitted by the broad line regions of many active galaxies but have escaped identiÐcation because of blending with nearby features of hydrogen and helium. A mechanism for their excitation through Ñuorescence by Lya has been suggested previously in the literature, but the crucial cascade lines that feed the upper term in this process are not seen in I Zw 1. The low energy of the upper term indicates that the 1 km Fe II lines are collisionally excited.