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Fig. 7. Analysis of correspondence between the four samples from the Argentina population (BA: Buenos Aires, CH: Chubut, PQ: Puna-Quebrada, RA: Ramal) and the types of minutiae. Given the associations found between the type of patterns and pop- ulations analyzed, an analysis of correspondence between the four pop- ulations by type of patterns and the types of minutiae (Fig. 9) was performed. The results showed a significant association between the types of minutiae and the four population samples, regardless of the type of patterns. The first dimension, which explains 72.61% of inertia, separated the Buenos Aires and Chubut populations from the Puna- Quebrada and Ramal populations, showing the same associations as those described in Fig. 7.

Figure 7 Analysis of correspondence between the four samples from the Argentina population (BA: Buenos Aires, CH: Chubut, PQ: Puna-Quebrada, RA: Ramal) and the types of minutiae. Given the associations found between the type of patterns and pop- ulations analyzed, an analysis of correspondence between the four pop- ulations by type of patterns and the types of minutiae (Fig. 9) was performed. The results showed a significant association between the types of minutiae and the four population samples, regardless of the type of patterns. The first dimension, which explains 72.61% of inertia, separated the Buenos Aires and Chubut populations from the Puna- Quebrada and Ramal populations, showing the same associations as those described in Fig. 7.

Related Figures (11)

Fig. 1. Ridge count areas (inside and outside circle) for each pattern type and types of the minutiae used in this study.
Fig. 1. Ridge count areas (inside and outside circle) for each pattern type and types of the minutiae used in this study.
Frequencies registered for minutiae from the Buenos Aires sample, totals, males and females, inside and outside the circle and total area (of the ten fingers), n = total number of minutiae found in each area (see abbreviations of the minutiae in Fig. 1).
Frequencies registered for minutiae from the Buenos Aires sample, totals, males and females, inside and outside the circle and total area (of the ten fingers), n = total number of minutiae found in each area (see abbreviations of the minutiae in Fig. 1).
Frequencies registered for minutiae from Chubut sample, totals, males and females, inside and outside the circle and total area (of the ten fingers), n = total number of minutiae found in each area (see abbreviations of the minutiae in Fig. 1). Please cite this article as: N. Rivalderia, et al., Study of fingerprints in Argentina population for application in personal identification, Sci. Justic (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scijus.2017.02.004
Frequencies registered for minutiae from Chubut sample, totals, males and females, inside and outside the circle and total area (of the ten fingers), n = total number of minutiae found in each area (see abbreviations of the minutiae in Fig. 1). Please cite this article as: N. Rivalderia, et al., Study of fingerprints in Argentina population for application in personal identification, Sci. Justic (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scijus.2017.02.004
Fig. 2. Analysis of correspondences between the types of minutiae, sex (ma: males and fe: females) and areas (I: inside circle and O: outside circle): a) Buenos Aires sample; b) Chubut sample.
Fig. 2. Analysis of correspondences between the types of minutiae, sex (ma: males and fe: females) and areas (I: inside circle and O: outside circle): a) Buenos Aires sample; b) Chubut sample.
Fig. 3. Analysis of correspondence between the types of minutiae and the ten fingers (F1 ... F10) in the central area of the fingerprint (inside circle): a) Buenos Aires sample; b) Chubut sample. The results obtained in this research were statistically compared with those obtained for two samples from northwestern Argentina (Puna-Quebrada and Ramal) [40]. Fig. 7 shows the relationship between the frequencies of occurrence of different types of minutiae and the four populations, where a significant dependence that explained 93.72% of inertia was found. The first dimension of analysis explained 77.38% of inertia, and separated the Buenos Aires and Chubut populations from the northwestern Argentina populations. The Buenos Aires sample was mainly associated with two types of minutiae: points (point be- tween ridges and point in ridge) and dock. The Chubut sample was The association between the types of minutiae, types of pattern, and fingers has been only analyzed in the ulnar loops and whorls, due to the low frequency of arches and radial loops (Fig. 5). In the Buenos Aires sample, correspondence analysis explained 76.98% of inertia (Fig. 5a) and in the Chubut sample it explained 82.80% of inertia (Fig. 5b). In the two samples, and both the ulnar loops (blue dashed line) and whorls (red dashed line), the first dimension separated the fingers of the right hand from the fingers of the left hand. In the Buenos Aires sam- ple, the second dimension separated the thumb (F1, F6) and index fin- ger (F2, F7) (both ulnar loops and whorls fingers), from the other fingers; while in the Chubut sample, this result was not found in the fin- gers with whorls as the main pattern type. In the analysis, fingers with ulnar loops as the main pattern type were located further from the co- ordinate center (center of gravity), contributing to dependence. Bifurca- tions (B) appeared associated with the middle (F8), ring (F9), and little (F10) fingers of the left hand, while convergences (C) were associated with the middle (F3), ring (F4), and little (F5) fingers of the right
Fig. 3. Analysis of correspondence between the types of minutiae and the ten fingers (F1 ... F10) in the central area of the fingerprint (inside circle): a) Buenos Aires sample; b) Chubut sample. The results obtained in this research were statistically compared with those obtained for two samples from northwestern Argentina (Puna-Quebrada and Ramal) [40]. Fig. 7 shows the relationship between the frequencies of occurrence of different types of minutiae and the four populations, where a significant dependence that explained 93.72% of inertia was found. The first dimension of analysis explained 77.38% of inertia, and separated the Buenos Aires and Chubut populations from the northwestern Argentina populations. The Buenos Aires sample was mainly associated with two types of minutiae: points (point be- tween ridges and point in ridge) and dock. The Chubut sample was The association between the types of minutiae, types of pattern, and fingers has been only analyzed in the ulnar loops and whorls, due to the low frequency of arches and radial loops (Fig. 5). In the Buenos Aires sample, correspondence analysis explained 76.98% of inertia (Fig. 5a) and in the Chubut sample it explained 82.80% of inertia (Fig. 5b). In the two samples, and both the ulnar loops (blue dashed line) and whorls (red dashed line), the first dimension separated the fingers of the right hand from the fingers of the left hand. In the Buenos Aires sam- ple, the second dimension separated the thumb (F1, F6) and index fin- ger (F2, F7) (both ulnar loops and whorls fingers), from the other fingers; while in the Chubut sample, this result was not found in the fin- gers with whorls as the main pattern type. In the analysis, fingers with ulnar loops as the main pattern type were located further from the co- ordinate center (center of gravity), contributing to dependence. Bifurca- tions (B) appeared associated with the middle (F8), ring (F9), and little (F10) fingers of the left hand, while convergences (C) were associated with the middle (F3), ring (F4), and little (F5) fingers of the right
N. Rivalderia et al. / Science and Justice xxx (2017) xxx-xxx Fig. 4. Frequencies for the type of patterns by finger (F1 ... F10): a) Buenos Aires sample; b) Chubut sample.
N. Rivalderia et al. / Science and Justice xxx (2017) xxx-xxx Fig. 4. Frequencies for the type of patterns by finger (F1 ... F10): a) Buenos Aires sample; b) Chubut sample.
Fig. 5. Analysis of correspondence between the types of minutiae and the two most frequent types of patterns: ulnar loop (UL) and whorl (W), for each finger (1... 10): a) Buenos Aires sample; b) Chubut sample.
Fig. 5. Analysis of correspondence between the types of minutiae and the two most frequent types of patterns: ulnar loop (UL) and whorl (W), for each finger (1... 10): a) Buenos Aires sample; b) Chubut sample.
Frequencies for the pattern type by population. BA: Buenos Aires, CH: Chubut, PQ: Puna- Quebrada, R: Ramal (n = absolute frequency) (% = relative frequency).
Frequencies for the pattern type by population. BA: Buenos Aires, CH: Chubut, PQ: Puna- Quebrada, R: Ramal (n = absolute frequency) (% = relative frequency).
Fig. 6. Analysis of correspondence between the types of minutiae (E: endings, B: bifurcations and C: convergences), areas (I: inside circle and O: outside circle), sex (ma: males and fe: females) and populations (BA: Buenos Aires and CH: Chubut).
Fig. 6. Analysis of correspondence between the types of minutiae (E: endings, B: bifurcations and C: convergences), areas (I: inside circle and O: outside circle), sex (ma: males and fe: females) and populations (BA: Buenos Aires and CH: Chubut).
Fig. 8. Analysis of correspondence between the four samples from the Argentina population and the main pattern types.
Fig. 8. Analysis of correspondence between the four samples from the Argentina population and the main pattern types.
Fig. 9. Analysis of correspondence between the types of minutiae and populations (BA: Buenos Aires, CH: Chubut, PQ: Puna-Quebrada, RA: Ramal) for types of patterns (A: Arch, RL: radial loop, UL: ulnar loop and W: whorl).
Fig. 9. Analysis of correspondence between the types of minutiae and populations (BA: Buenos Aires, CH: Chubut, PQ: Puna-Quebrada, RA: Ramal) for types of patterns (A: Arch, RL: radial loop, UL: ulnar loop and W: whorl).
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