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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
rts, 1641, who describes the excellent goods, fustians, cermillions, dimities, and other stuffs, made by the inhabitants of Manchester, of cotton-wool brought from Smyrna and Cyprus. First made by machinery by Louis Paul in 1736-40. See Cottonmachinery. In the seventeenth century, cotton fabrics were so largely imported into England from India as to interfere with the woolen, linen, and silk interests, and the importation of cotton goods was forbidden in 1700. An act of parliament in 1721 imposed a fine of £ 5 on the wearer of cotton and £ 20 on the vendor. It was thought to be the ruin of England, and every depression in trade was charged on the cotton, which was superseding wool. Thirty years afterward the annual value of manufactured cottons was £ 200,000. In 1860 it was £ 52,000,000. In 1823, Great Britain employed 10,000 steam-looms; the number in 1865 was 400,000, driven by steampower estimated equal to 294,000 horses, and directly employing 1,000,000 persons. The
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
, by Stephen Daye. It still exists as the University press, and at that establishment this Dictionary has the honor to be set up. The Faculty of Harvard College was censor till 1662, when licensers of the press were appointed. In 1755 the press was free. A Psalter in the English and Indian languages was printed at the University press in 1709. A printing-press was established in New London, Conn., in 1709; the first printing-press in Turkey was brought from Paris by Mohammed Effendi, in 1721; the first press in Annapolis, Md., was in 1726; Williamsburg, Va., 1729; Charleston, S. C., 1730; Newport, R. I., 1732; Halifax, N. S., 1751; Newbern, N. C., 1755; Portsmouth, N. H., 1756; Savannah, Ga., 1763; Quebec, Canada, 1764. The first press west of the Alleghany range was in Cincinnati, 1793. The first press west of the Mississippi, in St. Louis, 1808. Stereotyping was invented by William Ged of Edinburgh, in 1725; inking-rollers, by Nicholson; composition inking-rollers, by Donk
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
ant. A, Fig. 6121, is an elevation; B, a plan; C, an enlarged view of the circular bed. A swing-bridge on a large scale was constructed on the Great Western Railway of Ireland, to cross the entrance to Lough Atalia. It has two spans of 60 feet each, and is balanced on a central pier of 34 feet diameter. See Humber, On iron bridges. Fig. 6122 is the iron swing-bridge over the entrance-lock to the West India Docks, London. Swing-bridge, London dock entrance. Plate XLI., page 1721, is a view of a swing-bridge on the Amsterdam, Utrecht, and Cologne Railway where it crosses the Yssel, near Westervoort, Holland. Fig. 6123 is a view of the swing section of the Mississippi bridge at Keokuk, Iowa. Swin′gel. The swinging piece of a flail. The swipel. Swing′ing-boom. （Nautical.) The span which distends the foot of a lower studding-sail. Swing′ing-saw. A saw swinging in an arc from an axis overhead. A weight assists in the effective stroke. (Fig. 6
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), T. (search)
excellent and by all physitians approved China drink, called by Chineans Tcha, by other nations tay, alias tee, is sold at the Sultana Head Coffee-house, London. I did send for a cup of tee, a China drink, of which I had never drunk before. — Pepys, 1660. In 1667 the British East India Company gave their agents an order for teas of the best kind to the amount of 100 dollars. In 1678 they imported 4,713 pounds, a quantity which appears to have glutted the market for several years. In 1721 the annual import had reached 1,000,000 pounds. Tea was used in China long before it was cultivated, several varieties of the bush growing wild. Among the first notices by foreigners of its use — excepting the remarkable one by Herodotus, the father of history, as he has been termed, and his character for truth and veracity becomes more and more established — is the account given by two Mohammedan travelers of the ninth century, translated from the Arabic by Renaudot, Ancient accounts :<
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), U. (search)
g the little princes and states of Germany, are the two great projects of the reforming part of Germany. — Monthly Magazine, London, May 1, 1801. Inoculation, which, prior to the great discovery of Jenner, was regarded as the best protection against the horrors of the small-pox, was practiced in China at a very early period, and probably found its way to Europe by the same secret channels as those arts whose footsteps are so difficult to trace. Western Europe obtained it from the Turks in 1721, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu having made the first experiment of its efficacy by inoculating her son while residing at Constantinople, in 1718. Vaccination was discovered by Jenner in 1796. Inoculation is the older and more generic term; the name vaccination, derived from the source of the pustule matter coming later, as we see in the current news of that day. Vac′u-um-appa-ra′tus. A mode of or device for producing a proximately complete or partial vacuum. See air-pump for the most <