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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), F. (search)
etting-needle from the same place. Flax was exported from Egypt to Gaul as late as the Christian era, and was ordered to be grown in England by statute of Henry VIII., 1533. A braking and scutching machine was run by water-power in Scotland in 1750. To prepare flax for manufacture, after the removal of the seeds, the hare (useful, fibrous portion) is separated from the boon (the refuse portions of the stalk). For this purpose the uniting gluten must be dissolved and removed. This is effe. Fly—rail. A hinged cleat or bracket attached to the frame of a table, and turned out to support the leaf. Fly—shut′tle. A shuttle driven by a picker, in contradistinction to one thrown by hand. The picker was invented by Kay, about 1750. Fly—trap. A device for catching flies. There are several forms. In Fig. 2052, the faces of the bait-pans are brought together by spiral springs on the removal of the detent-pin. On separating the pans for resetting, the flies drop into
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), G. (search)
In 1726, Dr. Hales, in his work on Vegetable Statics, states that 158 grains of coal yield 180 cubic inches of gas. In 1750, Watson, Bishop of Llandaff, distilled coal, passed the gas through water, and conveyed it in pipes from one place to anoton to the intimateness of the contact of the gas and water therein. Dr. Watson, Bishop of Llandaff, announced the fact in 1750, that the inflammability of gas was not affected by contact with water. The washer is the third in the series of gas-makiroportionate correction on each angle, rather than to trust to the uncertainty of a division to thirds or fifths. Bird, 1750, subsequently improved the system by constructing scales of equal parts, enabling him to preserve the division of 90° by s（Fabric.) A coarse stuff of silk, or silk and mohair. The name is French (gros-grain, coarse texture). Admiral Vernon, 1750, introduced rum and water as a ration on board ship, and wore a grogram coat. The soubriquet Old Grog referred to the coa
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), H. (search)
driving another off the nest. Her-ba′ri-um. A collection of dried plants. Aristotle is considered the founder of the philosophy of botany, 347 B. C. The Historia Plantarum of Theophrastus was written about 320 B. C. Authors on botany were numerous at the close of the fifteenth century. The Botanic Gardens of Padua, Leyden, and Leipsic were established respectively in 1545, 1577, 1580; the Jardin des Plantes, in Paris, in 1624; Oxford, 1632. The system of Linnaeus was made known in 1750; and Jussieu's system, founded on Tournefort's, and called the natural system, in 1758. The latter is now accepted by such authorities as Lindley and London. The Linnaean was founded upon sexual differences, the classes being determined by the number of stamens, the orders by the number of pistils. The natural system of Jussieu is founded upon modes of growth and fructification. At the death of Linnaeus, the number of species described was 11,800. The number of species now recorded is pr
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), M. (search)
tely, and discharge by separate holes through the clay tuyere which is introduced at an angle near the bottom of the upright furnace. These Indian furnaces are miniatures of those in Styria, described in the work of Jars, a French metallurgist, 1750. The ores there worked have a notable percentage of manganese, which affects the result, being seemingly favorable to the retention of a certain amount of carbon, but resisting the combination of the larger amount necessary to make castiron. Sron at the day when the discovery was made, it became necessary to subject it to a farther process, in order to burn out the greater portion of the carbon and silicon and render it malleable. The refining process observed by M. Jars in Sweden, in 1750, is identical with that described by Aiken in 1836 as having been used in India for a length of time not now readily ascertained. The block of crude iron is laid, covered with charcoal, on the floor of the furnace, with one end projecting over
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
and dates of the inventions in the line of paper-making machines. Some collateral points of interest are also noted:— 1750. Woven paper-molds introduced by Baskerville. 1759. The rag-engine introduced into England from Holland, where it was invented about 1750. 1790. The practice of bluing paper is said to have originated about this time from the circumstance of an English papermaker's wife having accidentally dropped her blue bag into some pulp in an advanced state of preparation. drawn by a cord. In the power-loom the driver is on a vibrating staff. The picker is the invention of John Kay, about 1750, and the shuttle thus operated was called a fly-shuttle, from the rapidity of its movement as compared with the hand-shuttof filth were thrown into the public streets. This was forbidden in Paris by an ordinance in 1395. It was practiced till 1750 in Edinburgh. Three centuries since the royal residences of Spain were destitute of privies, while the circumnavigators f
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), R. (search)
re placed has exterior longitudinal radial wings to carry of the dust. Rag-en′gine. （Paper-making.) The machine in which rags are partially comminuted. Until the present century, rags were reduced to pulp for paper by means of mashing and incipient fermentation. Stamping-mills were then introduced, but the iron stamps in oak mortars are stated to have been so slow that 40 pairs working 24 hours would only reduce 112 pounds of rags. The rag-engine was invented in Holland, about 1750, but it was many years before it reached England. It consists of an oblong trough containing one or more rotating cylinders having cutters on their peripheries, which work against similar cutters fixed in the bottom of the trough, which is curved to correspond with the cylinder and form a partition over which the stuff passes and repasses during the process of comminution. Rag-engine. Fig. 4112 has a spiral flange on each end of the cylinder, to prevent the collection of rags around
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
7, 1869. No. 99,853.CrandellFeb. 15, 1870. No. 138,053.StebbinsApril 22, 1873. Instruments for laying out Stair Curves. No. 5,380.WoosterDec. 4, 1847. No. 18,110.StewartSept. 1, 1857. No. 24,763.ShaefferJuly 12, 1859. No. 66,796.ClowJuly 16, 1867. No. 75,423.HooverMar. 10, 1868. No. 97,707.SchollarDec. 7, 1869. Spi′ral pump. A form of the Archimedean screw water-elevator, consisting of a pipe coiled spirally round an inclined axis. It is said to have been invented about 1750 by Andrew Wirz, a pewterer of Zurich, and was employed in Florence with some improvements by Bernoulli, in 1779. See screw. Spi′ral-rib bit. A wood-boring tool adapted to be used in a brace. It has a spiral flange twisted around a cylindrical shaft. See bit, o, Fig. 695. Brick-machine. Spi′ral screw. A screw formed upon a conical or conoidal core. In the example, it serves as a driving-screw to force clay from the hopper into the molds beneath. Double helical spring. <
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), T. (search)
ng the painters time and trouble in mixing paint. See can-soldering machine, and other titles under sheet-metal. For list, see plumbing and sheet-metal work, page 1750. Tin-clip′pings. See tin-scrap. Tinct′ure-press. An apparatus for thoroughly extracting the active principles of plants, etc., by submitting them toth century. Tooth-pow′der. Apuleius recommended charcoal; camphorated chalk is good. Tooth-plug′ger. See dental plugger, page 686; plugger, pages 1749, 1750. Tooth-saw. The dental saw is a fine framesaw, used for cutting off the natural teeth for the attachment of pivot teeth; for sawing between the teeth; or fo removing the exterior surface from which it derived its name, the buckets being made scoop-shaped. Such was the form used by Perronet, at Orleans Bridge, about 1750. In Fig. 6845, a is a section. and b an end elevation of this wheel. It had curved buckets, and raised the water 8 feet. Its effectiveness varied with the dep
The Cambridge of eighteen hundred and ninety-six: a picture of the city and its industries fifty years after its incorporation (ed. Arthur Gilman), Cambridge town, 1750-1846. (search)
Cambridge town, 1750-1846. Andrew McFarland Davis. The period in the history of Cambridge which we are about to consider naturally divied to the jurisdiction of Cambridge. As we first view the town in 1750, there is much that is picturesque in the placid life of its inhabity of the town, as the central settlement was formerly termed, was in 1750 centred upon that part of the Common now called Harvard Square. Here The burial ground adjoining the present First Parish Church was in 1750 the town burial ground. Provision for the support of the poor in held. The distribution of the population in the three parishes in 1750 is largely a matter for conjecture. We have, however, the means of years later, there were 1586. There can be but little doubt that in 1750 the population was in the neighborhood of 1500, of whom about one ha Within the limits of what now constitutes Cambridge there was in 1750 a single church. Between that date and the incorporation of Cambrid
The Cambridge of eighteen hundred and ninety-six: a picture of the city and its industries fifty years after its incorporation (ed. Arthur Gilman), General Index. (search)
Cambridgeport Savings Bank, 311. Cambridge Railroad, 396. Cambridge Royal Arch Chapter, 284. Cambridge Safe Deposit and Trust Co., 307-309. Cambridge Savings Bank, 309-311. Cambridge School for Girls, 214-217. Cambridge Town, 1750-1846, 14-34. Cambridge Village, now Newton, 8. Cambridge Water-Works, 113-118. Cambridge Wharf Company, 109. Canals: Broad, 30, 31, 109, 110, 127; West Dock, 30; South Dock, 30; Cross, 30. Cannon on the Common, 51, 52. Cantabrigia Cl, 173; the college offers the use of its grounds to the city, 173. Pine Swamp Field, 4. Pointers, 60. Police Department, 405. Police force, 316. Ponema Tribe, Red Men, 293. Poor's House, the, 17, 276. Population, in 1680, 10; in 1750, 17; in 1765, 17; in 1776, 17, 29; in 1790, 32; in 1810, 32; in 1840, 32; in 1850, 32; in 1895, 59; comparative statement of, 319. Population, density of, 131. Port Bill, 22. Port chucks, 38. Porters, 60. Porter's Tavern. 37. Prescot
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