Named Entity Results, 1836 AD

a watch-maker in 1814, and became skilled as a die-sinker and engraver. His genius as an inventor was first seen when he made an eight-day, three-wheeled chronometer clock, which was awarded the highest premium at the first fair of the American Institute. In 1828 he produced the ring flier for cotton spinning; in 1831 devised an engraving machine. He also made the transfer machine for the production of banknote plates from separate dies. In 1832 he devised the first dry gas-meter, and in 1836 made it applicable to all current fluids by giving a rotary motion to the machinery. In 1839 the British government offered a prize to any one who should submit the best plan of manufacturing postage-stamps, and from 2,600 designs that of Mr. Bogardus was selected. In 1847 he built a five-story factory in New York City entirely of east-iron, which was the first of its kind in the United States, and probably in the world. This undertaking was so successful that it led him to engage in the b

Bradley, Joseph Philo, 1813-1892 Jurist; born in Berne, N. Y., March 14, 1813; was graduated at Rutgers College in 1836; admitted to the bar in Newark, N. J., in 1839; appointed by President (Grant justice of the Supreme Court of the United States in 1870; became the fifth member of the Electoral Commission created by Congress in 1877, and by his concurrence in the judgment of the Republican members of the commission, Rutherford B. Hayes (q. v.) became President. He died in Washington, D. C., Jan. 22, 1892.

Brown, Joseph Emerson, 1821-1894 Jurist; born in Pickens county, S. C., April 15, 1821; removed to Georgia in 1836; admitted to the bar in 1845; elected to the State Senate in 1849; and was governor of Georgia in 1857-65. During the Civil War he threw his influence on the side of the Confederacy, but antagonized some of the war measures of Jefferson Davis and refused to allow State troops to be sent out of the State to check Sherman's march. When peace was concluded he favored the reconstruction policy of the federal government, though the Democratic party of Georgia opposed it. In 1880-91 he held a seat in the United States Senate, and during his last term in that body was a member of the committees on civil service, retrenchment, foreign relations, and railroads. He died in Atlanta, Ga., Nov. 30, 1894.

Burchard, Samuel Dickinson, 1812-1891 Clergyman; born in Steuben, N. Y., Sept. 6, 1812; was graduated at Centre College, Danville, Ky., in 1836; became a temperance lecturer and later a Presbyterian minister in New York. In 1884, near the close of the Presidential campaign, he unexpectedly brought himself into notoriety by speaking of the Democrats at the close of an address to a party of Republicans as the party of Rum, Romanism, and rebellion. These words were scarcely uttered before the leaders of the Democratic party published them throughout the country. The election was very close, and it was several days before the official count of New York State was received. That State went Democratic by a small majority. The remark of Dr. Burchard was said to have influenced many thousands of votes, and to have lost the election to Mr. Blaine. He died in Saratoga, N. Y., Sept. 25, 1891.

good of those whom he addresses; and let me here repeat, with all the solemnity of an appeal to Heaven to bear me witness, that such are the views forced upon me by experience. Come, then, to the unconditional support of the government. Take into your own hands your own institutions; remodel them according to the laws of nations and of God, and thus attain that great prosperity assured to you by geographical position, only a portion of which was heretofore yours. lawyer; born in Kinderhook Landing, N. Y., Dec. 17, 1795; studied law with Martin Van Buren in Hudson, and subsequently became his partner. In 1825 he was appointed one of the three commissioners to revise the Statutes of New York; in 1833-38 was Attorney-General of the United States; and in 1836-37 was acting Secretary of War. In 1837 he became Professor of Law in the University of the City of New York. He was the author of Outlines of the constitutional history of New York. He died in Paris, France, Nov. 8, 1858.

Campbell, Cleveland J. 1836- Military officer: born in New York City in July, 1836; graduated at the University of Gottingen; enlisted in the 44th New York Regiment early in the Civil War; and was brevetted brigadier-general of volunteers March 13, 1865. During the engagement of Petersburg he was colonel of the 23d Regiment of colored troops, and while leading his command into the thickest of this fight the famous mine exploded, killing and wounding nearly 400 of his troops. He also received injuries which caused his death in Castleton, N. Y., June 13, 1865.

long-chambered piece for projecting solid shot and shell with a heavy charge of powder, 1812. West Point foundry established under special patronage of the government, 1817. First contract of Gouverneur Kemble, president, for the West Point Foundry Association, for thirty-two 42-pounders, long guns, July 11, 1820. First gun rifled in America at the South Boston Iron Company's foundry, 1834. Cyrus Alger patents and makes the first malleable iron guns cast and converted in an oven, 1836. Earliest piece of heavy ordnance cast at the South Boston foundry, a 10-in. columbiad, under the supervision of Colonel Bomford; weight, 14,500 lbs.; shot, 130 lbs.; shell, 90 lbs.; charge of powder, 18 lbs., Sept. 6, 1839. Character of gun iron definitely fixed by the metallo-dynamoter, a testing-machine invented by Major Wade, 1840. First 12-in. columbiad; weight, 25,510 lbs.; extreme range, 5,761 yds.; weight of shell, 172 lbs.; charge of powder, 20 lbs.; cast at the South Bost

Oliver Evans, the pioneer American inventor, then only twenty-two years of age, and engaged in making card-teeth by hand, invented a machine that produced 300 a minute. Already Mr. Crittendon, of New Haven, Conn., had invented a machine (1784) which produced 86,000 card-teeth, cut and bent, in an hour. These inventions led to the contrivance of machines for making card-cloth—that is, a species of comb used in the manufacture of woollen or cotton cloths, for the purpose of carding and arranging the fibres preparatory to spinning. It consists of stout leather filled with wire card-teeth, and is the chief part of the carding-machine in factories. A machine for making the card-cloth complete was invented by Eleazar Smith, of Walpole, Mass., at or near the close of the eighteenth century, for which invention Amos Whittemore received the credit and the profit (see Whittemore, Amos). This invention was imperfect. About 1836 William B. Earle made improvements, which were modified in 184

surrendered at Detroit (q. v.). In March, 1813, he was made a brigadier-general, and was volunteer aide to General Harrison at the battle of the Thames (q. v.), when he was appointed governor of Michigan Territory. As superintendent of Indian affairs in that region, he negotiated nineteen treaties with the Indians. In 1829 he organized a scientific expedition to explore the upper Mississippi. In 1831 he resigned the governorship and became Secretary of War, under President Jackson. From 1836 to 1842 he was United States minister to France, and from 1845 to 1848 United States Senator. He received the Democratic nomination Lewis Cass. for President in 1848, but was defeated, and was again in the United States Senate from 1851 to 1857, when President Buchanan called him to his cabinet as Secretary of State; but when the President refused to reinforce the garrison at Fort Sumter, he resigned. General Cass favored the compromise of 1850, and also favored a compromise with the di

Chamberlain, Joseph 1836- Statesman; born in London, England, in 1836; educated at the University College School, in London: and was mayor of Birmingham in 1870-75. He was elected to Parliament from Birmingham as a Liberal Unionist in 1875, and has since held his seat; was president of the Board of Trade in Joseph Chamberlain. 1880-85; president of the Local Government Board in 1886; one of the British commissioners to settle the North American fisheries dispute in 1887, and lord recto1836; educated at the University College School, in London: and was mayor of Birmingham in 1870-75. He was elected to Parliament from Birmingham as a Liberal Unionist in 1875, and has since held his seat; was president of the Board of Trade in Joseph Chamberlain. 1880-85; president of the Local Government Board in 1886; one of the British commissioners to settle the North American fisheries dispute in 1887, and lord rector of Glasgow University. In 1895 he became Secretary of State for the Colonies, and has since held the post. During 1898, and especially when the international troubles concerning China were thickening, he made several notable speeches, voicing a widespread sentiment in Great Britain that there should be a closer understanding between the United States and Great Britain touching their various commercial interests. In 1888 he married Mary, daughter of William C. Endicott, Secretary of War in P