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Benjamnin F. Butler, Butler's Book: Autobiography and Personal Reminiscences of Major-General Benjamin Butler, Chapter 3: the Democracy in 1860. (search)
stion. The balance of power after the adoption of the Missouri compromise in 1820--that is, as many free States as slave States coming into the Union--gave an equal number of senators upon the slave question. Maine, free, carved out of Massachusetts, was admitted March 3, 1820, and was offset by Missouri, slave, March 2, 1821; Arkansas, slave, June 15, 1836, by Michigan, free, Jan. 26, 1837; Florida, slave, March 3, 1845, by Iowa, free, March 3, 1845; Texas, slave, annexed as a State March 1, 1845, by Wisconsin, free, March 3, 1847. The annexation of Texas brought on the Mexican War, on a question of boundary between Texas and Mexico. This war resulted in the admission of California as a free State, which was carved out of Mexican territory acquired by the treaty of Guadaloupe Hidalgo. The balance thus established in the Senate and in the House as against slavery, it was patent, must remain forever. This condition of things in Congress was the controlling cause of secession.