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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Lee, Charles 1731- (search)
and when, after he had been exchanged and had rejoined the army at Valley Forge (1778), he was required to take the oath of allegiance with some other officers, he at first refused. His persistence in opposing any interference with the march of Clinton across New Jersey, and his extraordinary conduct on the field at Monmouth, could not be explained by any reason excepting incapacity or treachery. Indeed, Washington was warned against Lee the night before that battle by a Virginian captain whod, and declared it to be wretchedness itself, not being able to herd with the class of men [the English] to which he had been accustomed from infancy. He was continually seeking intimate relations with British officers—writing to Burgoyne, Sir Henry Clinton, and others— while ostensibly fighting against them in favor of the American cause. Even while disobedient, quarrelsome, and inefficient, the Americans did not lose faith in him, nor suspect that in his movements during the flight of the a
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Leslie, Alexander 1740-1794 (search)
Leslie, Alexander 1740-1794 Military officer; born in England about 1740; came to Boston with General Howe in 1775; was made a major in June, 1759; a lieutenantcolonel in 1762; and was a brigadiergeneral when he came to America. In the battle of Long Island, in 1776, he commanded the light infantry, and was in the battle of Harlem Plains in September, and of White Plains in October following. General Leslie accompanied Sir Henry Clinton against Charleston in April and May, 1780. In October he took possession of Portsmouth, Va., with 3,000 troops, but soon hastened to join Cornwallis in the Carolinas, which he did in December. In the battle of Guilford, he commanded the right wing. General Leslie was in command at Charleston at the close of hostilities. He died in England, Dec. 27, 1794.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Long Island. (search)
d attempt the capture of New York and Washington's army. General Howe had been reinforced by Hessians, the troops under Clinton from Charleston, and others, making a total force of about 24,000, encamped on Staten Island. Admiral Howe sent some armnd 2,500 of these were sent to guard the passes. On the 26th the British moved forward, under the chief command of Sir Henry Clinton and Lord Cornwallis, followed by the Germans, under General de Heister. The combined forces formed a thoroughly diorce their way at the pass farther eastward (now in Prospect Park); while Howe, with the main body of the British, under Clinton and Cornwallis, was pressing towards the Bedford and Jamaica passes to gain the rear of the Americans. Putnam had neglelow (now in Prospect Park), not nearly so important. The consequence was that, while Sullivan was fighting the Germans, Clinton had gained his rear and fell upon him. It was a surprise. Sullivan was driven back upon the Germans. After a severe
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Louisburg. (search)
sachusetts legislature the bold project of attempting its capture, and after some hesitation a colonial expedition for the purpose was authorized, Jan. 25, 1745, by a vote of a majority of one. A circular letter, soliciting aid, was sent to all the colonies as far south as Pennsylvania. The latter voted £ 4,000 currency, to purchase provisions. New Jersey furnished £ 2,000 towards the expedition, but declined to furnish any men. The New York Assembly contributed £ 3,000 currency, but Governor Clinton sent, besides, a quantity of provisions purchased by private subscription and ten 18-pounders from the public magazine. Connecticut voted 500 men, led by Roger Wolcott, who was appointed second in command of the expedition. Rhode Island and New Hampshire each raised a regiment of 300 men. As was to be expected, the chief burden of the expedition was borne by Massachusetts. Much interest was manifested everywhere. In seven weeks an army of 3,250 men was enlisted, transports were pro
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Monk's corner, (search)
Monk's corner, The scene of a notable surprise of American cavalry. While the British were besieging Charleston in 1780 General Lincoln endeavored to keep an open communication with the country, across the Cooper River, so as to receive reinforcements, and, if necessary, to make a retreat. To close that communication Sir Henry Clinton detached Lieutenant-Colonel Webster, with 1,400 men. The advanced guard, composed of Tarleton's legion and Ferguson's corps, surprised the American cavalry (about 300 men), with militia attached to them, under the command of Gen. Isaac Huger, who were stationed at Biggin's Bridge, near Monk's Corner. The Americans were attacked just at dawn (April 14) and were scattered. Twenty-five of the Americans were killed; the remainder fled to the swamps. Tarleton secured nearly 300 horses, and, after closing Lincoln's communications with the country, he returned to the British camp in triumph.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Monmouth, battle of (search)
ed all interference with Clinton's march across New Jersey, and found fault with everything. Clinton had intended to march to New Brunswick and embark his army on Raritan Bay for New York; but, fiowed him in a parallel line, prepared to strike him whenever an opportunity should offer, while Clinton wished to avoid a battle, for he was encumbered with baggage- Old Monmouth Court-House. wagonll, who called upon him. And when, the next morning (June 28)—a hot Sabbath—Washington was told Clinton was about to move, and ordered Lee to fall upon the British rear, unless there should be grave h vigor, with a sure prospect of victory, Lee ordered him to make only a feint. At that moment Clinton changed front, and sent a large force, horse and foot, to attack Wayne. Lafayette, believing tn their weapons, prepared for another conflict at dawn. Through the deep sands of the roads, Clinton withdrew his army so silently towards midnight that he was far on his way towards Sandy Hook wh<
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Moore's Creek Bridge, battle of. (search)
Moore's Creek Bridge, battle of. In January, 1776, Sir Henry Clinton sailed from Boston on a secret mission. Suspecting his destination to be New York, Washington sent General Lee thither. His presence probably deterred Clinton from landing, after a conference with Governor Tryon, and he proceeded to the coast of North Carolina to assist Governor Martin in the recovery of his power in that province. Martin, aware of his approach, and anticipating an armament from Ireland, kept up a contClinton from landing, after a conference with Governor Tryon, and he proceeded to the coast of North Carolina to assist Governor Martin in the recovery of his power in that province. Martin, aware of his approach, and anticipating an armament from Ireland, kept up a continual intercourse from his floating palace on the Cape Fear with the Scotch Highlanders (who had settled in large numbers in that province) and other Tories. He commissioned Donald McDonald brigadier-general. He was a veteran who had fought for the Young Pretender at the battle of Culloden (1746). Under him, as captain, was Allan McDonald. These two men had great influence over the Scotch Highlanders. They enlisted for the royal cause about 1,500 men, and marched from the vicinity of Fayett
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Mutiny, (search)
y, especially in the army and navy. The principal revolt or mutiny during the American Revolution was that of the Pennsylvania Line, 2,000 strong, at Morristown, N. J., Jan. 1, 1781. The tardiness of Congress in supplying the wants of the army was the chief cause. Unable to control the troops by his personal efforts, General Wayne appointed two officers, Colonels Stewart and Butler, to conduct them to Princeton, where they submitted to Congress, in writing, their demands. Meanwhile Sir Henry Clinton sent two emissaries among them, making most liberal offers, if they would go over to the British. These men they at once delivered up to the government. Congress appointed commissioners to confer with the troops, and complied with most of their just demands. Many were, however, disbanded during the winter, and their places filled in the spring with recruits. A like action on the part of the New Jersey Line followed, Jan. 24-28, 1781, but this was quickly subdued, and two ringlead
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), New York City (search)
s, and that body speedily adopted measures for fortifying the city and its approaches and garrisoning it with 2,000 men. On the day when Lee entered New York Sir Henry Clinton arrived at Sandy Hook, but did not deem it prudent to enter the harbor. Captured by the British. General Howe selected Sept. 13, 1776, for the landing the work of Whig conspirators. About 500 buildings (almost a third part of the city) were laid in ashes. Evacuation of the City. In 1783 Washington, Governor Clinton, and Sir Guy Carleton held a conference at Dobbs Ferry, and made arrangements for the British troops to evacuate the city on Nov. 25. On that morning the Am thousands of citizens and of the roar of artillery at the Battery. Washington repaired to his quarters at Fraunce's Tavern, and there, during the afternoon, Governor Clinton gave a public dinner to the officers of the army. In the evening the town was brilliantly illuminated, rockets shot up from many private dwellings, and bonf
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Newport, capture of (search)
om the city of New York. But it was compelled to stand on the defensive there. Six British ships-of-the-line, which had followed the French fleet across the Atlantic, soon afterwards arrived at New York. Having there a naval superiority, Sir Henry Clinton embarked (July 27) 6,000 men for the purpose of assailing the French, without waiting for them to attack. The French, perceiving this, cast up fortifications and prepared for a vigorous defence. The militia of Connecticut and Massachusetts marched to their assistance, and Washington crossed the Hudson into Westchester county and threatened New York. As Clinton and Admiral Arbuthnot could not agree upon a plan of operations, the troops were disembarked; but the fleet proceeded to blockade the French ships in Newport Harbor. The French army felt compelled to stay for the protection of the vessels. News presently came that the second division of French forces was blockaded at Brest by another British fleet. So the French, inst