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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Carteret, Sir George 1599- (search)
en the civil war broke out he was comptroller of the navy, and esteemed by all parties. Leaving the sea, he went with his family to Jersey, but soon afterwards returned to help his royal master. In 1645 he was created a baronet, and returned to his government of Jersey, where he received and sheltered the Prince of Wales (afterwards Charles II.) when the royal cause was ruined in England. Other refugees of distinction were there, and he defended the island gallantly against the forces of Cromwell. At the Restoration he rode with the King in his triumphant entry into London. Carteret became one of the privy council, vice-chamberlain, and treasurer of the navy. Being a personal friend of James, Duke of York, to whom Charles II. granted New Netherland, Carteret and Berkeley (another favorite) easily obtained a grant of territory between the Hudson and Delaware rivers, which, in gratitude for his services in the Island of Jersey, was called New Jersey. Carteret retained his share o
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Charles I. 1600- (search)
us Duke of Buckingham, whose influence over the young King was disastrous to England and to the monarch himself. Charles was naturally a good man, but his education, especially concerning the doctrine of the divine right of kings and the sanctity of the royal prerogative, led to an outbreak in England which cost him his life. Civil war began in 1641, and ended with his execution at the beginning of 1649. His reign was at first succeeded by the rule of the Long Parliament, and then by Cromwell—halfmonarch, called the Protector. After various vicissitudes during the civil war, Charles was captured, and imprisoned in Carisbrooke Castle, in the Isle of Wight, from whence he was taken to London at the close of 1648. He was brought to trial before a special high court in Westminster Hall on Jan. 20, 1649, on the 27th was condemned to death, and on the 30th was beheaded on a scaffold in front of the banqueting-house at Whitehall. Charles had eight children by his queen, Henrietta,
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Charles ii. 1630- (search)
n in London, May 29, 1630. His mother was Henrietta Charles ii. Maria, daughter of Henry IV. of France, and sister of the then reigning King of that realm. As the fortunes of his father waned, his mother returned to France, where the son joined her; and, at the Hague, he heard of the death of his parent by the axe, when he assumed the title of King, and was proclaimed such at Edinburgh, Feb. 3, 1649. He was crowned at Scone, Scotland, Jan. 1, 1651. After an unsuccessful warfare with Cromwell for the throne, he fled to Paris; and finally he became a resident of Breda, in Belgium, whence he was called to England by a vote of Parliament, and restored to the Signature of Charles ii. throne, May 8, 1660. He was a very profligate monarch—indolent, amiable, and unscrupulous. He misgoverned England twenty-five years in an arbitrary manner, and disgraced the nation. He became a Roman Catholic, although professing to be a Protestant; and, when dying from a stroke of apoplexy, Feb. 6
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Cromwell, Oliver 1599- (search)
Cromwell, Oliver 1599- Lord Protector of England; born in Huntingdon, April 25, 1599. His social position was thus desince Charles, who, as king, was beheaded and succeeded by Cromwell as the ruler of England. He flogged the young prince, who was then with his family visiting Cromwell's uncle. As a boy he was much given to robbing orchards and playing unpleasantous, but from patriotic motives; but in his efforts Oliver Cromwell. for power after the execution he was a bold operatorCharles II.) invaded England and penetrated to Worcester, Cromwell, with 30,000 English troops, gained a decisive victory ovs broken up, and for weeks anarchy prevailed in England. Cromwell issued a summons for 156 persons named to meet at Westminod Barebones. It was a weak body, and in December, 1653, Cromwell was declared Lord Protector of Great Britain, and the exe58. First protectorate Parliament. The following is Cromwell's speech at the opening session of this body, Sept. 4, 16
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Cromwell the buccaneer. (search)
Cromwell the buccaneer. One of the earliest of the famous buccaneers was Captain Cromwell, who had been a common sailor in New England. In 1646 he was in command of three fast-sailing brigantines, filled with armed men, and was driven into the harbor of New Plymouth by a storm. Cromwell, under the authority of a sort of secCromwell, under the authority of a sort of second-hand commission from High-Admiral (Earl of) Warwick, had captured in the West Indies several richly laden Spanish vessels. These freebooters spent money freely at Plymouth. Cromwell and his men soon afterwards went to Boston, where he lodged with a poor man who had helped him when he was poor, and gave him generous compensaCromwell and his men soon afterwards went to Boston, where he lodged with a poor man who had helped him when he was poor, and gave him generous compensation. Winthrop, who had lately been re-elected governor, received from this freebooter an elegant sedan-chair captured in one of his prizes, designed as a gift by the viceroy of Mexico to his sister.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Davenant, Sir William, 1605-1668 (search)
he boy. Young Davenant left college without a degree. Shoving much literary talent, he was encouraged in writing plays by persons of distinction, and on the death of Ben Jonson in 1637 he was made poet-laureate. He adhered to the royal cause during the civil war in England, and escaped to France, where he became a Roman Catholic. After the death of his King he projected (1651) a colony of French people in Virginia, the only American province that adhered to royalty, and, with a vessel filled with French men, women, and children, he sailed for Virginia. The ship was captured by a parliamentary cruiser, and the passengers were landed in England, where the life of Sir William was spared, it is believed, by the intervention of John Milton, the poet, who was Cromwell's Latin secretary. Sir William had a strong personal resemblance to Shakespeare, and it was currently believed that he was a natural son of the great dramatist. This idea Sir William encouraged. He died in April, 1668.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Dean, John Ward, 1815- (search)
Dean, John Ward, 1815- Historian; born in Wiscasset, Me., March 13, 1815; became librarian of the New England Historical Genealogical Society, and edited 9 volumes of its Register. He has also written Memoir of Rev. Nathaniel Ward; Michael Wigglesworth; Story of the embarkation of Cromwell and his friends for New England, etc.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Depew, Chauncey Mitchell, 1834- (search)
to the Englishspeaking race. And there were those who had sprung from the iron soldiers who had fought and charged with Cromwell at Naseby and Dunbar and Marston Moor. Among its members were Huguenots, whose fathers had followed the white plume of me with the wrecks of empires, and plunged civilization into the perils and horrors of the dark ages. The government of Cromwell was the isolated power of the mightiest man of his age, without popular authority to fill his place or the hereditary prenjoy this blessed day, and with them were the barons of Runnymede, and William the Silent, and Sidney, and Russell, and Cromwell, and Hampden, and the heroes and martyrs of liberty of every race and age. As he came forward, the multitude in the swere burned in effigy, were stoned, but he, with unerring judgment, was always the leader of the people. Milton said of Cromwell, that war made him great, peace greater. The superiority of Washington's character and genius were more conspicuous in
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Digges, Edward, 1620-1675 (search)
Digges, Edward, 1620-1675 Colonial governor; born in England in 1620; came to America and introduced the silk-worm into Virginia; became governor of that colony in 1655, but before the close of the year resigned and became the bearer of a letter from the Virginia Assembly to Cromwell. He died in Virginia, March 15, 1675.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Everett, Edward, 1794-1865 (search)
What would have been thought by an impartial posterity of the American rebellion against George III. if the colonists had at all times been more than equally represented in Parliament, and James Otis and Patrick Henry and Washington and Franklin and the Adamses and Hancock and Jefferson, and men of their stamp, had for two generations enjoyed the confidence of the sovereign and administered the government of the empire? What would have been thought of the rebellion against Charles I. if Cromwell and the men of his school had been the responsible advisers of that prince from his accession to the throne, and then, on account of a partial change in the ministry, had brought his head to the block and involved the country in a desolating war for the sake of dismembering it and establishing a new government south of the Trent? What would have been thought of the Whigs of 1688 if they had themselves composed the cabinet of James II., and been the advisers of the measures and the promote
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