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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Shaftesbury, Earl of (Anthony Ashley Cooper) 1621- (search)
1621- Statesman; born in Wimborne, Dorsetshire, England, July 22, 1621; represented Tewkesbury in the Short Parliament in 1640; first supported Charles I. in the civil war, but in 1644 joined the Parliament troops, acted with vigor, served in Cromwell's Parliaments, and was one of the councillors of state. He retired in 1654, and in Parliament was a leader of the opposition to Cromwell's measures. Active in the overthrow of the Second Protectorate, he was one of the commissioners who wentCromwell's measures. Active in the overthrow of the Second Protectorate, he was one of the commissioners who went to Breda to invite Charles II. to come to England. The grateful King made him governor of the Isle of Wight, chancellor of the exchequer, and one of the privy council. In 1661 he was created Baron Ashley, and was one of the commission for the trial of the regicides, whom he zealously prosecuted. Charles had granted to him and several other favorites the vast ___domain of Carolina (1663), and he was employed with Locke in framing a scheme of government for it. He was created Earl of Shaftesbury
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Maryland, (search)
Stone for strictly enforcing the submission of all the inhabitants of the province of Maryland to his proprietary rights......Feb. 7, 1654 Governor Stone, by proclamation, declares that the province of Maryland is under the government of Oliver Cromwell, lord protector of the commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland, etc.......May 6, 1654 Robert Brooke, commander of Charles county, having been discharged by Lord Baltimore, Governor Stone erects the county into the county of Calverted from Lord Baltimore appointing Josias Fendall governor of Maryland......July 10, 1656 In the matter of the proprietary rights of Lord Baltimore in Maryland, at this time under consideration in England, the commissioners for trade report to Cromwell's council of state favorably to Lord Baltimore......Sept. 16, 1656 Josias Fendall, arrested and imprisoned by the Puritans, takes an oath that he will neither directly nor indirectly be any disturber to the government till there be a full de
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Massachusetts (search)
5 Law passed against slave-stealing......1645 Mrs. Oliver, for reproaching the magistrates, is adjudged to be whipped; and a cleft stick placed upon her tongue for speaking ill of the elders......1646 Plymouth and Boston visited by Captain Cromwell, who from a common sailor had come to command three ships, and amassed wealth as a buccaneer, or fighter of the Spaniard ; he spends money freely in both places......1646 John Eliot preaches his first sermon to the Indians near Newtown Coons, is fined £ 30; not paying it, he gets thirty strokes with a three-corded whip and is sent out of the colony......1651 Hugh Parsons and his wife Mary tried for witchcraft; Mrs. Parsons dies in prison, Parsons is acquitted......1651 Oliver Cromwell invites people of Massachusetts to Ireland......1651 French of Canada appeal to the people of New England for aid against the Iroquois without success......1651 Mint set up at Boston (by the General Court) which coins shillings, sixpen
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Vane, Sir Henry 1612- (search)
and, was elected to Parliament, became one of the treasurers of the navy, and in 1640 was knighted. In the Long Parliament he was a member, and a strong opponent of royalty He was the principal mover of the solemn league and covenant, and in 1648 was a leader of the minority in Parliament which favored the rejection of terms of settlement offered by the King. In 1649 he was a member of the council of state, and had almost exclusive direction of the navy. He was then considered one of the foremost men Sir Henry Vane in the nation, and Milton wrote a fine sonnet in his praise. He and Cromwell were brought in conflict by the forcible dissolution of the Long Parliament by the latter. Vane was leader of the Rebellion Parliament in 1659. When Charles II ascended the throne, Vane, considered one of the worst enemies of his beheaded father, was committed to the Tower in 1662, and was executed June 14. Sir Henry was chiefly instrumental in pro curing the first charter for Rhode Island.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Colony of Virginia, (search)
welve councillors. He died in 1627, and was succeeded by Sir John Harvey, a haughty and unpopular ruler. Harvey was deposed by the Virginians in 1635, but was reinstated by Charles I., and ruled until 1639. Sir William Berkeley became governor in 1641, at the beginning of the civil war in England, and being a thorough loyalist, soon came in contact with the republican Parliament. The colonists, also, remained loyal, and invited the son of the beheaded King to come and reign over them. Cromwell sent commissioners and a fleet to Virginia. A compromise with the loyalists was effected. Berkeley gave way to Richard Bennett, one of the commissioners, who became governor. But when Charles II. was restored, Berkeley, who had not left Virginia, was reinstated; the laws of the colony were revived; restrictive revenue laws were enforced; the Church of England—disestablished in Virginia—was re-established, and severe legislative acts against Non-conformists were passed. Berkeley proclai
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Waldenses (search)
authors, from Peter de Waldo, of Lyons (1170). They were known, however, as early as 1100, their confession of faith published 1120. Their doctrine condemned by the council of Lateran, 1179. They had a translation of the Bible, and allied themselves to the Albigenses, whose persecution led to the establishment of the holy office or inquisition. The Waldenses settled in the valleys of Piedmont about 1375, but were frequently dreadfully persecuted, notably 1545-46, 1560, 1655-56, when Oliver Cromwell, by threats, obtained some degree of toleration for them; again in 1663-64 and 1686. They were permitted to have a church at Turin, December, 1853. In March, 1868, it was stated that there were in Italy twenty-eight ordained Waldensian ministers and thirty other teachers. Early in 1893 a delegation was sent to the United States to investigate the advantages of forming a settlement in some favorable locality. It resulted in their purchasing several thousand acres of land in Burke cou
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Westminster Abbey. (search)
cordial welcome. His sermons and addresses delivered in America have a permanent value, and will long endear him to the hearts of our kin beyond sea. To the left of this little chapel is the one which forms the extreme east of Henry VII.'s Chapel, and of which the windows are still full of the significant emblems placed there by the royal builder. Here lay for a time the body of one of the most remarkable men and righteous rulers whom England has ever produced—the Lord Protector, Oliver Cromwell. In the chapel also lay his venerable mother, Elizabeth Cromwell, his sister, Mrs. Desborough, and others of his family. Here, too, or in other parts of the abbey, once lay the mortal bodies of Admiral Blake, one of the greatest of England's seamen; of Sir Thomas May, the translator of Lucan, and historian of the Long Parliament; of Pym and Strode and Bradshaw and Ireton. It is a shameful and too familiar fact that the bodies of Cromwell, Bradshaw, and Ireton were exhumed and hung on
Rebellion Record: a Diary of American Events: Documents and Narratives, Volume 1. (ed. Frank Moore), chapter 77 (search)
d not be either lowered or hoisted; and, said the Major, God Almighty nailed that flag to the flagmast, and I could not have lowered it if I tried. (Immense sheering.) Yes, fellow-citizens, God Almighty has nailed that resplendent flag to its mast, and if the South dares to march upon Washington, they will find that that cannot be taken down. No, not by all the powers they can collect. No! they will find that that sacred sword which defends and strikes for human rights — that sword which Cromwell wielded, and which our fathers brought into the contest, and which made us a nation — will be taken once more from its scabbard to fight the battle of liberty against rebellion and treason. (Vehement cheering.) As I have already said, the Baltic will be at the foot of Canal street to-morrow morning to take volunteers to serve the country, whether they have orders or not. (Cries of We'll go. ) I would advise you not to go without arms. (Cries of Where will we get them? ) I have already mad
Rebellion Record: a Diary of American Events: Documents and Narratives, Volume 1. (ed. Frank Moore), chapter 152 (search)
w Englishmen or Americans will deny that the source of government is the consent of the governed, or that every nation has the right to govern itself according to its will. When the silent consent is changed to fierce remonstrance, the revolution is impending. The right of revolution is indisputable. It is written on the whole record of our race. British and American history is made up of rebellion and revolution. Many of the crowned kings were rebels or usurpers; Hampden, Pym, and Oliver Cromwell; Washington, Adams, and Jefferson, all were rebels. It is no word of reproach; but these men all knew the work they had set themselves to do. They never called their rebellion peaceable secession. They were sustained by the consciousness of right when they overthrew established authority, but they meant to overthrow it. They meant rebellion, civil war, bloodshed, infinite suffering for themselves and their whole generation, for they accounted them welcome substitutes for insulted libe
Rebellion Record: a Diary of American Events: Documents and Narratives, Volume 1. (ed. Frank Moore), chapter 222 (search)
ion of the age demanded. When this became hopeless, obeying the instincts of that nature which has ever made her the Mother of Statesmen and of States, she has opened her broad bosom to the blows of a tyrant's hand. Upon such a theatre, with such an issue pending before such a tribunal, we have no doubt of the part which will be assigned you to play; and when we hear the thunders of your cannon echoing from the mountain passes of Virginia, will understand that you mean, in the language of Cromwell at the castle of Drogheda, to cut this war to the heart. It only remains, soldiers, to invoke the blessing of Almighty God upon your honored flag. It waves in brave hands over the gallant defenders of a holy cause. It will be found in the thickest of the fight, and the principles which it represents you will defend to the last of your breath and of your blood. May victory perch upon its staff in the hour of battle, and peace — an honorable peace — be wrapped within its folds when you
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