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Horace Greeley, The American Conflict: A History of the Great Rebellion in the United States of America, 1860-65: its Causes, Incidents, and Results: Intended to exhibit especially its moral and political phases with the drift and progress of American opinion respecting human slavery from 1776 to the close of the War for the Union. Volume I., Vi. Slavery under the Constitution. (search)
matured and suggested by him to others, even before the outbreak of the Revolutionary war; and its realization, interrupted by that struggle, was resumed by him directly after it had been closed. This was anterior to the British settlement of Sierra Leone, and preceded the appearance of Clarkson's prize essay, commanding public attention to the horrors of the Slave-Trade. Among Dr. Hopkins's European correspondents were Granville Sharp and Zachary Macaulay, who were among the earliest and leasy, with express reference to missionary labor in Africa in connection with the Colonization movement. Two of these ultimately, though at a mature age, migrated to Liberia, where they died soon after. Thirty-eight American blacks emigrated to Sierra Leone in 1815, under the auspices and in the vessel of one of their own number. The initial organization of the American Colonization Society took place at Princeton, N. J., in the autumn of 1816; and that Society was formally organized at Washingt
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Abolitionists. (search)
South of the free black population, which had already become a nuisance. Its branches spread into almost every State, and for fourteen years its organization was warmly furthered by every philanthropist in the South as well as in the North. It is noteworthy that, though the society made no real attack upon slavery, as an institution, nearly every person, noted after 1831 as an abolitionist, was before that year a colonizationist. At first free negroes were sent to the British colony of Sierra Leone. In 1820, the society tried and became dissatisfied with Sherbrook Island, and on Dec. 15, 1821, a permanent ___location was purchased at Cape Mesurado. In 1847. the colony declared itself an independent republic under the name of Liberia (q. v.), its capital being Monrovia. It was in 1830 that the abolitionist movement proper began. In 1829-30, William Lloyd Garrison engaged with Benjamin Lundy in publishing The genius of universal emancipation, in Baltimore. Garrison's first effort
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Colonization Society, American (search)
in February, 1774, and aid was received from Massachusetts and Connecticut. After the Revolution the effort was renewed by Dr. Hopkins, and he endeavored to make arrangements by which free blacks from America might join the English colony at Sierra Leone, established in 1787, for a home for destitute Africans from different parts of the world, and for promoting African civilization. He failed. In 1793 he proposed a plan of colonization to be carried on by the several States and by the national government. He persevered in his unavailing efforts until his death, in 1803. The subject continued to be agitated from time to time, and in 1815 a company of thirty-eight colored persons emigrated to Sierra Leone from New Bedford. Steps had been taken as early as 1811 for the organization of a colonization society, and on Dec. 23, 1816, the constitution of the American Colonization Society was adopted at a meeting at Washington, and the first officers were chosen Jan. 1, 1817. All ref
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Consular service, the (search)
Buenos Ayres, or at Brussels, or at Marseilles, Hamburg, Sheffield, Nuevo Laredo, Athens, Ningpo, or Victoria, B. C., with a salary of $2,500 to be envied, with the necessary demands which he is obliged to meet. It is of course notorious that there are many more applicants for even the worst of these offices than there are offices, and that numberless men will be readily found to sacrifice themselves for the good of their country and go to Tamatave or Sydney on $2,000, or to Tahiti or Sierra Leone on $1,000. But the interest of the citizens of the United States is presumably centred more upon the welfare of the public service than on furnishing places for self-sacrificing individuals. They take no satisfaction in the creation of a consular office unless its existence is for the efficiency of the service as organized for their benefit. If such conditions are annexed to its creation as to militate against its effectiveness to accomplish the purpose for which it is created, the reas
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Hawkins, Sir John 1520-1595 (search)
Hawkins, Sir John 1520-1595 Naval officer; born in Plymouth, England, in 1520; carried a cargo of 300 slaves from Guinea in 1562, and sold them in Cuba. In 1564 he attempted to capture and enslave a whole town near Sierra Leone, and narrowly escaped being captured himself and sold into slavery. Hawkins was filled with the most pious reflections at his escape, and in his narrative (which is the first English narrative of American adventure printed) he says: God, who worketh all things for the best, would not have it so, and by Him we escaped without danger. His name be praised for it. His second cargo of slaves he sold in Venezuela and elsewhere. In this second voyage he coasted the peninsula of Florida, and gives a fairly detailed account of it in his narrative. He made a third voyage in 1568, and in spite of the King of Spain's prohibition, sold his cargoes of slaves to advantage. In the port of San Juan de Ulloa he met a Spanish fleet much stronger than his own. He made
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), O. (search)
rm-oil. SesamumSesamum indicumIndia, etcSeeds afford an oil used in India for cooking, burning, anointing, etc. Elsewhere used in lamps and for making soap. Shea butter or oilBassia parkiiW. AfricaSeeds afford an oil used in Europe for candle and soap making, etc. Souari-nutCaryocar nuciferum, etc.South AmericaContains a sweet oil. Much used in South America. SunflowerHelianthus annuusEurope, etcSeed yields an oil. Used in making fancy soaps, etc. Tallow (vegetable).Pentadesma butyraSierra LeoneTallow, a term often applied to solid fatty substances obtained from plants. That produced from the seeds of the Stillingia sebifera is used for candles by the Chinese. Stillingia sebiferaChina Bassia butyraceaeN. India WalnutJuglans regia, etcEurope and AmericaAn oil often sold as nut-oil. Used in the arts and to adulterate other oils. Wax (bees)Beeswax, although not strictly a vegetable production, is primarily derived from the pollen of flowers Wax (insect)Fraxinus sinensisChinaA
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), R. (search)
50 days in the year. In Kazan it rains 90 days in the year. In Siberia it rains 60 days in the year. On the Dofrefelds of Norway it rains and mists nearly continually an aggregate of 82 inches per annum; about equal to Bombay, Havana, Sierra Leone. Humboldt estimates the average rainfall at the equator, 96 inches; at latitude 19° 80 inches; at latitude 45°, 29 inches at latitude 60°, 17 inches. According to Professor Thomson, the average number of days on which rain falls is, betw Algiers36.99 St Petersburg17.3 Simpheropol, Crimea14.83 Kutais (E shore of Black Sea）59.44 Bakou (S of Caspian)13.38 Ekatherinburg, Ural Mts.14.76 Barnaoul, Siberia11.80 Pekin, China26.93 Canton, China69.30 Singapore, Malacca97 Sierra Leone, Africa86.2 Uttray Mullay, India267.2 Madras, India44.6 Calcutta, India76.4 Cherrapoonjee, India592 Khasia, India610 Raised up-on′. （Shipbuilding.) Having the upper works hightened; the opposite of razeed. Rais′er. （Car
Francis Jackson Garrison, William Lloyd Garrison, 1805-1879; the story of his life told by his children: volume 1, Chapter 9: organization: New-England Anti-slavery Society.—Thoughts on colonization.—1832. (search)
ich I have felt kindling and swelling within me, in the progress of this review, under this section reach the acme of intensity; and he cries out against such unrepublican and unchristian sentiments. He concludes his arraignment with the proposition that the Society deceives and misleads the nation as to its actual achievements in removing the blacks, and the cost thereof, and as to its ability to transport them all in less than thirty years; while its pretence that only through Liberia, Sierra Leone, and similar colonies can the slave trade be abolished, conceals the truth that the only way is to break up the market. The number of slaves annually smuggled into the South is seven times that actually transported to Africa by the Society in fifteen years. By letting the Thoughts, p. 160. system of slavery alone, then, and striving to protect it, the Society is encouraging and perpetuating the foreign slave trade. All these positions were overwhelmingly sustained by extracts from
Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Henry Walcott Boynton, Reader's History of American Literature, Chapter 8: the Southern influence---Whitman (search)
, and others, will readily occur to memory. Often, on the other hand, they are inflated, as Chanting the Square Deific, or affected and feeble, as Eidolons. One of the most curiously unAmerican traits in a poet professedly so patriotic is his way of employing foreign, and especially French words, to a degree that recalls the fashionable novels of the last generation, and gives an incongruous effect comparable only to Theodore Parker's description of an African chief seen by some one at Sierra Leone: With the exception of a dress-coat, his Majesty was as naked as a pestle. Of all our poets, he is really the least simple, the most meretricious; and this is the reason why the honest consciousness of the classes which he most celebrates — the drover, the teamster, the soldier — has never been reached by his songs. He talks of labor as one who had never really labored; his Drum Taps proceed from one who has never personally responded to the tap of the drum. He has something of the t
Lydia Maria Child, Isaac T. Hopper: a true life, Thomas Cooper. (search)
from various quarters he received the most gratifying testimonials of respect and sympathy. But what was of more value than all else to the poor harassed fugitive, was the fact that he now, for the first time in his life, felt entirely safe from the fangs of the oppressor. He remained in London about a year and a half. During that time he compiled a hymn book which his friends published with his portrait in front. He preached with great acceptance to large congregations: several thousand persons assembled to hear his farewell sermon on the eve of his departure for Africa. He sailed for Sierra Leone, in the latter part of 1818, and was greeted there with much cordiality; for his fame had preceded him. All classes flocked to hear him preach, and his labors were highly useful. After several years spent in the discharge of religious duties, he died of the fever which so often proves fatal to strangers in Africa. His wife returned with her children to end her days in Philadelphia.
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