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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), B. (search)
paratus on this principle, the air is forced from the blowing cylinders into a reservoir, whence it issues by the force of its compression. Such is that used at Woolwich, England (shown in Fig. 729). The beams of the pistons are so connected that when one is at the top of the stroke another is midway of its cylinder and the third at its lowest point, maintaining very nearly uniform pressure in a wind-chest below with which each cylinder communicates. Woolwich blowers. Blowers on the fan principle are the favorite subjects of the exercise of the ingenuity of modern inventors in this line. In these the air is admitted through an aperture at or nein the grooves of the roll, they gradually assume a perfectly spherical form and are discharged. The elongated shot or bullets now used for rifles are made at Woolwich in the following way: The machine for this purpose consists of four sets of duplicate punches and dies, independently worked in pairs by two eccentrics, driven b
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
E, Thunderer's armament, — 600-pounder: 30-ton gun; charge, 100 pounds. These figures are exceeded by the latest English gun (the 35-ton), which is by no means, however, what it is paraded as being, — the largest gun in the world. Pounds. Woolwich, 35 tons 7 cwt. (English count) =79,084 Armstrong (Big Will)50,400 Krupp, 14-inch (1,080-pounder)100,000 Rodman, smooth-bore (20-inch）116,497 The Thunderer, 4,400 tons, and the Fury, 5,000 tons burden, are designed each to carry four of these 35-ton guns, in two turrets, two guns being placed in a turret side by side. Among the earliest cannon made in Europe were breech-loaders, specimens of which are preserved in the Artillery Museum of Woolwich, England. The charge was inserted in an iron cylinder, which was fixed by wedges in its place in the breech of the gun. Breech-loading cannon were introduced by Daniel Spekle, who died in 1589, and by Uffanus. Cannon of ice were made at St. Petersburg in 1740, and repeatedl<
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), D. (search)
e expunging term of the proof-reader, marked on the margin. Delft-blue. （Calico-printing.) A mode of printing, also known as China blue. See calico-printing. Delft-ware. A kind of pottery originally manufactured at Delft, in Holland, in the fourteenth century. It is now considered coarse, but was among the best of its day, being considered equal to the Italian in quality, but some what inferior in its ornamentation. The glaze of the Delft-ware is made as follows: Kelp and Woolwich sand are calcined together, to form a vitreous mass called frit. Lead and tin are calcined to form a gray, powdery oxide. The frit is powdered and mixed with the oxide, zaffre being added to confer blue color, arsenic for dead-white. This is fused, making an opaque enamel; ground and mixed to the consistence of cream. Delft-ware is made of a calcareous clay of varying color, which is ground in water, strained, and evaporated to a plastic consistence; it is then tempered, and stored in
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), E. (search)
ution of a metallic salt, which is decomposed by electrolytic action. Early in the present century, Volta demonstrated that a solution of a metallic salt, under the influence of the voltaic pile, became immediately reduced to its elements, in such a way that the metal was deposited at the negative pole. This was regarded as an interesting fact, of some moment to electricians, but not of special interest in the arts. Some curious experiments have lately been made by Mr. Cruickshank of Woolwich. On passing the galvanic influence by means of two silver wires through a solution of nitrat of silver, the upper wire became oxidated and gradually corroded, while at the same time a beautiful arborescent precipitation of metallic silver took place on the lower wire. Acetite of lead and sulphat of copper were similarly decomposed and precipitated on the lower wire. — Monthly Magazine, August, 1800. In 1801, Wallaston demonstrated that a piece of silver in connection with a more positi
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), G. (search)
s, or those in situations difficult to reach. Of the former character may be cited the circles of burners in the dome and rotunda and the cluster in the tholus of the Capitol at Washington; and of the latter the works at the royal arsenal, Woolwich, England, where all the burners are fixed upon the outside of the windows. The means adopted are an electric spark produced by friction, as in the electrophorus, or a resistance body, such as a platinum coil placed in a voltaic circuit. The elcted to the action of the acids, but after assuming its final shape is dried in charges of twenty pounds in fire-proof cages. See also Revy's process, 1865; and appendix to A. L. Holley's Treatise on ordnance and armor. Mr. Abel, of the Woolwich (England) Dock-Yard Chemical Department, has discovered that the explosive force of gun-cotton, like that of nitro-glycerine, may be developed by the exposure of the substance to the sudden concussion produced by a detonation, and that if exploded by
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), M. (search)
tar, used for the construction of buildings requiring great solidity. 1/3 powdered brick and tiles, 2/3 fine sifted lime. Mix with water to the required consistency, and lay on layers of five and six inches in thickness between the courses of brick or stones. 3. (Ordnance.) A short gun with a large bore, used for throwing bombs. Said to have been used at the siege of Naples in 1435, and to have been first made in England in 1543. A colossal mortar constructed by Mallet was tried at Woolwich, October 19, 1857, with a charge of 70 pounds of powder, and it threw a shell weighing 2,550 pounds 1 1/2 miles horizontally, and about 3/4 a mile in hight. Shells of 1,000 pounds are said to have been thrown into the citadel of Antwerp, 1832, when it was taken by the French in the war of the Revolution, 1830-32. Mortars are constructed with a chamber of smaller diameter than the bore, for containing the charge of powder, which is poured in loose. Thin, tapering slips of wood, termed
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), R. (search)
ned by hand. The cylinder is held between two plates, of which the lower presses the cylinder toward the barrel, and the upper plate closes the chambers. The rod serving to charge the chambers is placed in the stock. The hammer carries a magazine of priming placed in the stock. This gun is No. 1260 of the collection in the Museum of St. Thomas d'aquin, in France, where also are several other ancient arms with revolvingcham-bered breeches. f is a revolving-chamber flint-lock pistol at Woolwich. They are thus described in Turgan's Etudes sur l'artillerie Moderne, Paris, 1867. The cylinders are all revolved by hand, and not by special mechanism. Three are with matches, and were made in the beginning of the seventeenth century. One (No. 1251) is a small flint-lock hunting arquebuse; the cylinder has eight chambers. The vent is closed by a sliding cover; a spring with a hook stops the cylinder at the time it is in line with the barrel. 1252 (of the same collection) is an a
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
a hammer in which the frame is high and its pillars distant, in order to give room for working around the anvil. Hammers of this order are in the various navy yards of the United States. Plate LXII. shows the new Nasmyth steamhammer at Woolwich, England. It is at present the largest and most powerful in the world, but it is understood that Krupp of Essen is now building one to work a mass of steel of 100 tons (of 2,240 lbs.) Alonzo Hitchcock's cannon-forging steam-hammer and furnace. ted by chains, and formed chutes. Stone′ware. A grade of ceramic ware of great hardness and value. The stoneware of London is made of pipe-clay from Dorsetshire and Devonshire, calcined and ground flint from Staffordshire, and sand from Woolwich and Charlton. The dry clay is pulverized and sifted. The ingredients are compounded in different proportions, according to the fineness of the ware, its size, and purpose. The round articles are turned on a wheel, dried, and shaved in a lathe