Preliminary Round
(Jan 25-Feb 1)
Independiente (Avellaneda)Arg Deportivo Quito Ecu 2-0 0-1 2-1
[Mat�as Defederico 50, Patricio Rodr�guez 71]
[Michael Jackson Qui��nez 57]
(Jan 26-Feb 2)
Corinthians (S�o Paulo) Bra Deportes Tolima (Ibagu�) Col 0-0 0-2 0-2
[Danny Santoya 66, Wilder Medina 78]
Liverpool (Montevideo) Uru Gr�mio (P. Alegre) Bra 2-2 1-3 3-5x
[Mauren Franco 10, Alfredo Nicol�s Guevara 25; Andr� Lima 6, Douglas 14]
[Andr� Lima 38, Vinicius Pacheco 57, 74; Emiliano Alfaro 35]
(Jan 26-Feb 1)
Alianza (Lima) Per Jaguares (Tuxtla Gtz.) Mex 0-2 0-2 0-4
[Antonio Michael Pedroza 41, Jorge Marcelo Rodr�guez 45pen]
[Antonio Michael Pedroza 69, Antonio Salazar 74]
(Jan 27-Feb 3)
Cerro Porte�o (Asunci�n) Par Dep. Petare (Caracas) Ven 1-0 1-1 2-1
[Roberto Nanni 70]
[V�ctor Guaz� 14; Roberto Nanni 36]
Bol�var (La Paz) Bol Uni�n Espa�ola (Santiago) Chi 0-1 0-0 0-1
[Fernando Cordero 16]
x at Estadio Centenario
Group Phase (Feb 9-Apr 20)
Group 1
Feb 15: San Luis � Libertad 1-2
[Juan Manuel Cavallo 40; Nicol�s Pavlovich 18, Sergio Aquino 56pen]
Feb 16: Once Caldas � Univ. San Mart�n 0-3
[Heber Arriola 37, 59, Germ�n Alemmano 41]
Feb 22: Univ. San Mart�n � San Luis 2-0x
[Gianfranco Labarthe 84, Carlos Marinelli 90]
Feb 22: Once Caldas � Libertad 1-1
[Dayro Moreno 29; V�ctor Hugo Ayala 90]
Mar 2: San Luis � Once Caldas 1-1
[Michael Arroyo 18; Wason Renter�a 3]
Mar 8: Libertad � Univ. San Mart�n 5-1
[Rodrigo Rojas 14, �ngel Orue 19, Manuel Maciel 28, V�ctor Hugo Ayala 50,
Omar Pouso 85; Germ�n Alemmano 5]
Mar 15: Univ. San Mart�n � Libertad 0-1x
[Sergio Aquino 24pen]
Mar 15: Once Caldas � San Luis 1-1
[Luis Alberto N��ez 78; Juan Carlos Medina 90+3]
Mar 22: Libertad � Once Caldas 2-2y
[Nicol�s Pavlovich 16, 90; Wason Renter�a 12, 19]
Mar 22: San Luis � Univ. San Mart�n 3-1
[Juan Carlos Medina 4, Michael Arroyo 14, 75; Ronald Quinteros 61]
Apr 19: Libertad � San Luis 2-0
[Jorge Gonz�lez 11, Nicol�s Pavlovich 17]
Apr 19: Univ. San Mart�n � Once Caldas 0-2
[Wason Renter�a 16, Claudio Mat�as Mirabaje 75]
x in Callao
y at Estadio Defensores del Chaco
1.Libertad (Asunci�n) 6 4 2 0 13- 5 14
2.Once Caldas (Manizales) 6 1 4 1 7- 8 7
3.Universidad San Mart�n (Lima) 6 2 0 4 7-11 6
4.San Luis (San Luis Potos�) 6 1 2 3 6- 9 5
Group 2
Feb 17: Le�n de Hu�nuco � Junior 1-2
[Carlos El�as 87; John Vi�fara 23, Carlos Bacca 66]
Feb 17: Gr�mio � Oriente Petrolero 3-0
[Douglas 43pen, 70, Gilson 48]
Feb 23: Le�n de Hu�nuco � Oriente Petrolero 1-0
[Carlos Zegarra 35]
Feb 24: Junior � Gr�mio 2-1
[Giovanni Hern�ndez 29, John Vi�fara 74; Borges 5]
Mar 3: Gr�mio � Le�n de Hu�nuco 2-0
[Andr� Lima 42, Borges 55pen]
Mar 9: Oriente Petrolero � Junior 1-2
[Juan Carlos Arce 90; V�ctor Cort�s 27, Luis Alfonso P�ez 46]
Mar 17: Le�n de Hu�nuco � Gr�mio 1-1
[Carlos El�as 44; Carlos Alberto 54]
Mar 17: Junior � Oriente Petrolero 2-1
[Carlos Bacca 65, 72pen; Jhasmani Campos 48]
Mar 24: Oriente Petrolero � Le�n de Hu�nuco 2-0
[Alcides Pe�a 17, Jhasmani Campos 78]
Apr 7: Gr�mio � Junior 2-0
[L�cio 33, Borges 60]
Apr 14: Oriente Petrolero � Gr�mio 3-0
[Nicol�s Fern�ndez 51, Fernando Saucedo 75, Juan Carlos Arce 80]
Apr 14: Junior � Le�n de Hu�nuco 1-1
[Jossymar G�mez 76; Orlando Rodr�guez 84]
1.Junior (Barranquilla) 6 4 1 1 9- 7 13
2.Gr�mio (Porto Alegre) 6 3 1 2 9- 6 10
3.Oriente Petrolero (Sta. Cruz) 6 2 0 4 7- 8 6
4.Le�n de Hu�nuco 6 1 2 3 4- 8 5
Group 3
Feb 9: Fluminense � Argentinos Juniors 2-2
[Rafael Moura 58, 74; Franco Niell 44, 70]
Feb 15: Am�rica � Nacional 2-0
[Vicente S�nchez 4, Vicente Mat�as Vuoso 48]
Feb 23: Fluminense � Nacional 0-0
Feb 24: Argentinos Juniors � Am�rica 3-1
[Santiago Salcedo 45pen, 73, Cristian S�nchez Prette 93;
Daniel Montenegro 27]
Mar 2: Nacional � Argentinos Juniors 0-1
[Franco Niell 21]
Mar 2: Am�rica � Fluminense 1-0
[Daniel M�rquez 70]
Mar 15: Argentinos Juniors � Nacional 0-1
[Santiago Garc�a 34]
Mar 23: Fluminense � Am�rica 3-2
[Wellington Pereira 21, Clemerson de Ara�jo 80, Deco 87;
Vicente S�nchez 15, 72]
Apr 6: Nacional � Fluminense 2-0x
[Santiago Garc�a 50, 67]
Apr 6: Am�rica � Argentinos Juniors 2-1
[Vicente Mat�as Vuoso 73, Daniel M�rquez 82; Franco Niell 49]
Apr 20: Nacional � Am�rica 0-0x
Apr 20: Argentinos Juniors � Fluminense 2-4
[Santiago Salcedo 26pen, Gustavo Oberman 54; Julio C�sar 18,
Fred 40, 89pen, Rafael Moura 68]
x at Estadio Centenario
1.Am�rica (Ciudad de M�xico) 6 3 1 2 8- 7 10
2.Fluminense (Rio de Janeiro) 6 2 2 2 9- 9 8
3.Nacional (Montevideo) 6 2 2 2 3- 3 8
4.Argentinos Jrs. (Buenos Aires) 6 2 1 3 9-10 7
Group 4
Feb 15: V�lez Sarsfield � Caracas FC 3-0
[Maximiliano Moralez 45, David Ram�rez 61, Juan Manuel Mart�nez 84pen]
Feb 16: Uni�n Espa�ola � Univ. Cat�lica 2-2
[Leonardo Monje 48, Braulio Leal 90pen; Lucas Pratto 68, Fernando Meneses 73]
Mar 3: V�lez Sarsfield � Univ. Cat�lica 3-4
[Fernando Ortiz 20, Augusto Fern�ndez 21, Emiliano Papa 45; Lucas Pratto 1, 88,
Tom�s Costa 74, Francisco Pizarro 90]
Mar 3: Caracas FC � Uni�n Espa�ola 2-0
[Edgar Jim�nez 39pen, Nelson Barahona 54]
Mar 9: Univ. Cat�lica � Caracas FC 1-3
[Pablo Calandria 53; Luis Carlos Cabezas 46, 50, Nelson Barahona 49]
Mar 10: Uni�n Espa�ola � V�lez Sarsfield 2-1
[Mart�n Lig�era 3, Braulio Leal 26; David Ram�rez 69]
Mar 22: Caracas FC � Univ. Cat�lica 0-2
[Jos� Luis Villanueva 49, Lucas Pratto 89]
Mar 24: V�lez Sarsfield � Uni�n Espa�ola 2-1
[Emiliano Papa 23, Santiago Silva 69; Leandro Delgado 34]
Apr 6: Uni�n Espa�ola � Caracas FC 1-2
[Sebasti�n Jaime 3; Louis Pe�a 34, Josef Mart�nez 83]
Apr 7: Univ. Cat�lica � V�lez Sarsfield 0-0
Apr 14: Caracas FC � V�lez Sarfield 0-3
[Maximiliano Moralez 21, Santiago Silva 47, 55]
Apr 14: Univ. Cat�lica � Uni�n Espa�ola 2-1
[Pablo Calandria 49, Marcelo Ca�ete 78; Kevin Harbottle 47]
1.Universidad Cat�lica (Santiago) 6 3 2 1 11- 9 11
2.V�lez Sarsfield (Buenos Aires) 6 3 1 2 12- 7 10
3.Caracas FC 6 3 0 3 7-10 9
4.Uni�n Espa�ola (Santiago) 6 1 1 4 7-11 4
Group 5
Feb 15: Deportivo T�chira � Santos 0-0
Feb 17: Cerro Porte�o � Colo Colo 5-2
[Roberto Nanni 2, 69pen, Julio Dos Santos 7, Juan Manuel Iturbe 47, 86;
Crist�bal Jorquera 13, Esteban Paredes 74]
Mar 1: Deportivo T�chira � Colo Colo 2-4
[Julio Guti�rrez 87, 88; Ezequiel Miralles 20, 45, Esteban Paredes 71,
Lucas Wilchez 83]
Mar 2: Santos � Cerro Porte�o 1-1
[Elano 55pen; Roberto Nanni 90pen]
Mar 10: Cerro Porte�o � Deportivo T�chira 1-1
[Roberto Nanni 28; Sergio Herrera 61]
Mar 16: Colo Colo � Santos 3-2
[Esteban Paredes 27, Ezequiel Miralles 35, Andr�s Scotti 42; Elano 5, Neymar 49]
Apr 6: Deportivo T�chira � Cerro Porte�o 0-2
[Roberto Nanni 20, Iv�n Torres 65]
Apr 6: Santos � Colo Colo 3-2
[Elano 34, Danilo da Silva 36, Neymar 52; Patricio Jerez 82, Diego Rubio 87]
Apr 12: Colo Colo � Deportivo T�chira 2-1
[Diego Rubio 7, 24; Edgar P�rez Greco 4]
Apr 14: Cerro Porte�o � Santos 1-2
[Pedro Ben�tez 90; Danilo da Silva 12, Maikon Leite 48]
Apr 20: Santos � Deportivo T�chira 3-1x
[Neymar 4, Jonathan Cicero 13, Danilo da Silva 72; Gerson Chac�n 69]
Apr 20:Colo Colo � Cerro Porte�o 2-3
[Crist�bal Jorquera 4, Esteban Paredes 21; Jonathan Fabbro 43, 88, Iv�n Piris 48]
x at Estadio Pacaemb�
1.Cerro Porte�o (Asunci�n) 6 3 2 1 13- 8 11
2.Santos 6 3 2 1 11- 8 11
3.Colo Colo (Santiago) 6 3 0 3 15-16 9
4.Dep. T�chira (San Crist�bal) 6 0 2 4 5-12 2
Group 6
Feb 16: Emelec � Internacional 1-1
[Fernando Gim�nez 90; Mario Bolatti 79]
Feb 16: Jaguares � Jorge Wilstermann 2-0
[Antonio Salazar 66, Ricardo Esqueda 79]
Feb 22: Emelec � Jorge Wilstermann 1-0
[Eduardo Morante 34]
Feb 23: Internacional � Jaguares 4-0
[Mario Bolatti 20, 44, Leandro Damiao 66, Oscar dos Santos 91]
Mar 8: Jaguares � Emelec 2-1
[Francisco Javier Torres 43pen, Antonio Salazar 67; Cristian Men�ndez 69]
Mar 16: Jorge Wilstermann � Internacional 1-4
[Juan Brown 8; Juan Brown 16og, Leandro Damiao 19, Z� Roberto 25, Kl�ber Correa 82]
Mar 16: Emelec � Jaguares 1-0
[David Quiroz 54pen]
Mar 30: Internacional � Jorge Wilstermann 3-0
[Oscar dos Santos 18, Andr�s D�Alessandro 58, Z� Roberto 72]
Apr 6: Jaguares � Internacional 1-0
[Antonio Salazar 55]
Apr 7: Jorge Wilstermann � Emelec 0-0
Apr 19: Jorge Wilstermann � Jaguares 2-1
[Favio Lima de Campos 76, Nicol�s Torres 82; Julio Daniel Fr�as 7]
Apr 19: Internacional � Emelec 2-0
[Rafael Sobis 52, Leandro Damiao 84]
1.Internacional (Porto Alegre) 6 4 1 1 14- 3 13
2.Jaguares (Tuxtla Guti�rrez) 6 3 0 3 6- 8 9
3.Emelec (Guayaquil) 6 2 2 2 4- 5 8
4.Jorge Wilstermann (Cochabamba) 6 1 1 4 3-11 4
Group 7
Feb 15: Deportes Tolima � Guaran� 1-0
[Danny Santoya 83]
Feb 16: Cruzeiro � Estudiantes 5-0
[Wallyson 1, 82, Roger 18, Walter Montillo 39, 59]
Feb 22: Cruzeiro � Guaran� 4-0
[Wallyson 30, 64, Ernesto Far�as 86, Thiago Ribeiro 89]
Feb 23: Estudiantes � Deportes Tolima 1-0
[Pablo Barrientos 45]
Mar 2: Deportes Tolima � Cruzeiro 0-0
Mar 9: Guaran� � Estudiantes 1-2
[Pablo Caballero 44pen; Pablo Barrientos 51, Leandro Gonz�lez 53]
Mar 16: Cruzeiro � Deportes Tolima 6-1
[Walter Montillo 3, Wallyson 32, Roger 62, 71pen, Gilberto 88, Thiago Ribeiro 90;
Christian Marrugo 68]
Mar 17: Estudiantes � Guaran� 5-1
[Hern�n Rodrigo L�pez 2, 19, 59, Leandro Gonz�lez 25, 82; Juli�n Ben�tez 79]
Mar 30: Deportes Tolima � Estudiantes 1-1
[Felipe Noguera 31pen; Federico Fern�ndez 23]
Mar 30: Guaran� � Cruzeiro 0-2
[Thiago Ribeiro 17, Jos� Mar�a Ortigoza 90]
Apr 13: Guaran� � Deportes Tolima 0-2
[Danny Santoya 49, Luis Francisco Closa 69]
Apr 13: Estudiantes � Cruzeiro 0-3
[Thiago Ribeiro 11, Wallyson 45, Gilberto 82]
1.Cruzeiro (Belo Horizonte) 6 5 1 0 20- 1 16
2.Estudiantes (La Plata) 6 3 1 2 9-11 10
3.Deportes Tolima (Ibagu�) 6 2 2 2 5- 8 8
4.Guaran� (Asunci�n) 6 0 0 6 2-16 0
Group 8
Feb 17: Godoy Cruz � LDU Quito 2-1
[Carlos S�nchez 17, Nicol�s S�nchez 60; Neicer Reasco 53]
Feb 24: Independiente � Pe�arol 3-0
[Facundo Parra 47, Cristian Pellerano 70, N�stor Andr�s Silvera 85]
Mar 1: Godoy Cruz � Pe�arol 1-3
[Rub�n Ram�rez 31; Juan Manuel Olivera 1, 42, Luis Aguiar 67]
Mar 3: LDU Quito � Independiente 3-0
[Paul Ambrosi 11, Miller Bola�os 52, Patricio Urrutia 79]
Mar 9: Pe�arol � LDU Quito 1-0
[Luis Aguiar 57]
Mar 10: Independiente � Godoy Cruz 1-3
[Facundo Parra 16; Hern�n Fredes 28og, Ariel Rojas 32, Rub�n Ram�rez 56]
Mar 17: LDU Quito � Pe�arol 5-0
[Carlos Luna 22, Walter Calder�n 45, 78, Carlos Valdez 58og, Hern�n Barcos 64pen]
Mar 23: Godoy Cruz � Independiente 1-1
[Rub�n Ram�rez 34; Mat�as Defederico 1]
Mar 31: Pe�arol � Godoy Cruz 2-1
[Juan Manuel Olivera 42, Nicol�s Freitas 71; Dar�o Rodr�guez 57og]
Apr 5: Independiente � LDU Quito 1-1
[Leonel N��ez 24pen; Hern�n Barcos 58]
Apr 12: LDU Quito � Godoy Cruz 2-0
[Luis Bola�os 48, Hern�n Barcos 59]
Apr 12: Pe�arol � Independiente 0-1
[Facundo Parra 34]
1.LDU (Quito) 6 3 1 2 12- 4 10
2.Pe�arol (Montevideo) 6 3 0 3 6-11 9
3.Independiente (Avellaneda) 6 2 2 2 7- 8 8
4.Godoy Cruz (Mendoza) 6 2 1 3 8-10 7
Second Round
(Apr 26 & May 4)
Gr�mio (P. Alegre) Bra Univ. Cat�lica (Santiago) Chi 1-2 0-1 1-3
[Douglas 59; Lucas Pratto 29, 75]
[Milovan Mirosevic 87]
(Apr 26 & May 5)
V�lez Sarsfield (B. Aires)Arg LDU (Quito) Ecu 3-0 2-0 5-0
[Augusto Fern�ndez 8, 11, Sebasti�n Dom�nguez 55]
[Ricardo Alvarez 42, Iv�n Gonzalo Bella 81]
(Apr 27 & May 3)
Santos Bra Am�rica (Cdad. De M�xico) Mex 1-0 0-0 1-0x
[Ganso 38]
(Apr 27 & May 4)
Once Caldas (Manizales) Col Cruzeiro (B. Horizonte) Bra 1-2 2-0 3-2
[Luis N��ez 89; Wallyson 72, Jos� Mar�a Ortigoza 83]
[Diego Amaya 67, Dayro Moreno 71]
(Apr 27 & May 5)
Jaguares (Tuxtla Gtz.) Mex Junior (Barranquilla) Col 1-1 3-3 *4-4
[Jackson Mart�nez 57; Luis Alfonso P�ez 7]
[Juan Valencia 35, Luis P�ez 51pen, Carlos Bacca 73; Jackson Mart�nez 40, 63,
Edgar Andrade 87]
Estudiantes (La Plata) Arg Cerro Porte�o (Asunci�n) Par 0-0 0-0 0-0 3-5p
(Apr 28 & May 4)
Pe�arol (Montevideo) Uru Internacional (P. Alegre) Bra 1-1 2-1 3-2
[Mat�as Corujo 36; Leandro Damiao 65]
[Oscar 1; Alejandro Martinuccio 46, Juan Manuel Olivera 50]
Fluminense (R. de Janeiro)Bra Libertad (Asunci�n) Par 3-1 0-3 3-4
[Rafael Moura 4, Marquinho 73, Dar�o Conca 75; Rodolfo Gamarra 61]
[Rodrigo Rojas 58, Miguel �ngel Samudio 86, Jos� N��ez 90]
x in Quer�taro
Quarterfinals
(May 11 & 18)
Once Caldas (Manizales) Col Santos Bra 0-1 1-1 1-2
[Alan Patrick 42]
[Neymar 12; Wason Renter�a 30]
(May 11 & 19)
Pe�arol (Montevideo) Uru Univ. Cat�lica (Santiago) Chi 2-0 1-2 3-2
[Juan Manuel Olivera 37, Alejandro Martinuccio 90]
[Fernando Meneses 17, Roberto Carlos Guti�rrez 69; Fabi�n Estoyanoff 85]
(May 12 & 18)
V�lez Sarsfield (B. Aires)Arg Libertad (Asunci�n) Par 3-0 4-2 7-2x
[Maximiliano Moralez 21, Juan Manuel Mart�nez 76pen 81]
[Rodrigo Rojas 44, Manuel Maciel 51; Maximiliano Moralez 45, 67, Guillermo Franco 87pen,
Augusto Fern�ndez 88]
(May 12 & 19)
Jaguares (Tuxtla Gtz.) Mex Cerro Porte�o (Asunci�n) Par 1-1 0-1 1-2
[Antonio Michael Pedroza 90; Jonathan Fabbro 73]
[Pedro Ben�tez 70]
x First Leg at Estadio Alberto J. Armando (Boca Juniors)
Semifinals
(May 25 & Jun 1)
Santos Bra Cerro Porte�o (Asunci�n) Par 1-0 3-3 4-3x
[Ed� Dracena 43]
[C�sar Ben�tez 31, Juan Manuel Lucero 60, Jonathan Fabbro 81; Z� Eduardo 2,
Diego Barreto 28og, Neymar 45+2]
(May 26 & Jun 2)
Pe�arol (Montevideo) Uru V�lez Sarsfield (B. Aires)Arg 1-0 1-2 *2-2
[Dar�o Rodr�guez 45]
[Fernando Tobio 45, Santiago Silva 67; Mat�as Mier 34]
x At Estadio Pacaemb�
Final (Jun 15 & 22)
Pe�arol (Montevideo) Uru Santos Bra 0-0 1-2 1-2x
[Neymar 47, Danilo 69; Durval 80og]
x At Estadio Pacaemb�
First Leg [Jun 15, Centenario Stadium, Montevideo, att: 60.000, ref: Carlos Amarilla [PAR]]
Pe�arol (URU) 0-0 Santos (BRA)
Pe�arol: Sebasti�n Sosa; Alejandro Gonz�lez, Carlos Valdez,
Guillermo Rodr�guez, Dar�o Rodr�guez; Mat�as Corujo (Antonio Pacheco 67),
Luis Aguiar, Nicol�s Freitas, Matias Mier (Fabian Estoyanoff 55);
Alejandro Martinuccio, Juan Manuel Olivera (Diego Alonso 82).
Coach: Diego Aguirre.
Santos: Rafael; Par�, Bruno Rodrigo, Durval, Alex Sandro; Adriano, Danilo,
Arouca, Elano (Alan Patrick 78); Neymar, Z� Eduardo (Bruno Aguiar 89).
Coach: Muricy Ramalho
Yellow Cards: Martinuccio, Corujo, Gonzalez (P); Neymar, Arouca (S)
Second Leg [Jun 22, Pacaembu stadium, Sao Paulo, att: 40.000, ref: Sergio Pezzotta (ARG)]
Santos (BRA) 2-1 Pe�arol (URU)
[Neymar 46, Danilo 68; Durval 79og]
Santos: Rafael; Danilo, Edu Dracena, Durval, Leo (Alex Sandro 67);
Adriano, Arouca, Elano, Paulo Henrique Ganso (Para 86); Neymar,
Z� Eduardo. Coach: Muricy Ramalho.
Pe�arol: Sebasti�n Sosa; Alejandro Gonz�lez (Emiliano Alb�n 3
(Fabi�n Estoyanoff 78)), Carlos Valdez, Guillermo Rodr�guez,
Dar�o Rodr�guez; Mat�as Corujo, Luis Aguiar, Nicol�s Freitas,
Mat�as Mier (Jonathan Urretaviscaya 62); Alejandro Martinuccio,
Juan Manuel Olivera. Coach: Diego Aguirre.
Yellow Cards: Neymar, Z� Eduardo (S); Gonz�lez, Corujo, Freitas (P)
Santos champions.
Topscorer
Wallyson Cruzeiro (BRA) 7
Roberto Nanni (ARG) Cerro Porte�o (PAR) 7
Lucas Pratto (ARG) Universidad Cat�lica (CHI) 6
Neymar Santos (BRA) 6
Juan Manuel OliverA Pe�arol (URU) 5
Maxi Moralez V�lez Sarsfield (ARG) 5
Wason Renter�a Once Caldas (COL) 5
Prepared and maintained by Juan Pablo Andr�s and Erik Francisco Lugo for the Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation
Authors:
Juan Pablo Andr�s
([email protected])
and Erik Francisco Lugo
([email protected])
Last updated: 14 Dec 2017
(c) Copyright
Juan Pablo Andr�s, Erik Francisco Lugo and RSSSF 2011/17
You are free to copy this document in whole or part provided that proper
acknowledgement is given to the authors. All rights reserved.