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4BDRS Four Basic Dimensions of Religiousness Scale Saroglou 2009 2011

This document provides information about the Four Basic Dimensions of Religiousness Scale. The scale measures four dimensions of religiousness: believing, bonding, behaving, and belonging. It consists of 12 items that assess meanings, emotions/rituals, norms, and community. Scores are computed for each of the four dimensions. The scale has been used in research studies and translated into multiple languages.

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Ace Maynard Dianco
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934 views

4BDRS Four Basic Dimensions of Religiousness Scale Saroglou 2009 2011

This document provides information about the Four Basic Dimensions of Religiousness Scale. The scale measures four dimensions of religiousness: believing, bonding, behaving, and belonging. It consists of 12 items that assess meanings, emotions/rituals, norms, and community. Scores are computed for each of the four dimensions. The scale has been used in research studies and translated into multiple languages.

Uploaded by

Ace Maynard Dianco
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Four Basic Dimensions of Religiousness Scale (Saroglou, 2009) - Info as of July 2016

Introduction
This scale measures four basic dimensions of religiousness:
believing, bonding, behaving, and belonging.
The four dimensions refer respectively to four components of religion:
beliefs, emotions/rituals, norms, and group/community
and four respective functions: meaning, inner peace, self-control, and collective identity

Measurement issues
The 12 items, and the correspondence with the four dimensions, are presented below, in page 2.
Three items (see next page) measure each dimension, i.e. by order: meaning-beliefs (1-3), emotions-
ritual (4-6), morality-norms (7-9), and community/tradition (10-12).
For each individual, thus four scores (means) are computed (and if necessary, a global index of
religious: mean of the 12 items)
The four dimensions are importantly inter-correlated, especially if administered in a sample of average
religiosity including both believers and non-believers (thus, the 12 items can be used to form a global
index of religiousness). The distinctiveness between the four dimensions appears more clearly among
religious participants; and also, when predicting external outcomes (and, in particular when controlling
for common variance, i.e. global religiousness).

Citation(s)
To cite the theoretical paper on which the scale is based:
Saroglou, V. (2011). Believing, bonding, behaving, and belonging: The big four religious
dimensions and cultural variation. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 42, 1320-1340.
See also: Saroglou, V. (2014). Conclusion: Understanding religion and irreligion. In V. Saroglou
(Ed.), Religion, personality, and social behavior (pp. 361-391). New York, NY: Psychology Press.

To cite the scale: In collaboration with colleagues from various Universities, we have collected data
from 14 nations and all major religions. Other colleagues have collected data in additional ethnic and
national samples. A paper to present the scale, based on all these data, is in preparation.
In the meantime, you can cite the theoretical paper above and the scale as follows:
Saroglou, V. (2009). The Four Basic Dimensions of Religiousness Scale. Unpublished manuscript,
Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium.

Publications
For publications and papers having used the scale, see page 3

Translations
For existing translations of the scale in other languages, see page 4
2

Items and Instructions

You may be interested or not in religion for a variety of reasons. Please try to be as specific as
possible in your answers to the following questions dealing with the reasons they eventually make
you to be interested on religion.

Totally Totally
disagree agree
1. I feel attached to religion because it
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
helps me to have a purpose in my life

2. It is important to believe in a
Transcendence that provides meaning 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
to human existence
3. Religious beliefs have important
implications for our understanding of 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
human existence.

4. I like religious ceremonies 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

5. Religious rituals, activities or


practices make me feel positive 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
emotion

6. Religion has many artistic,


1 2 3 4 5 6 7
expressions, and symbols that I enjoy

7. I am attached to the religion for the


1 2 3 4 5 6 7
values and ethics it endorses

8. Religion helps me to try to live in a


1 2 3 4 5 6 7
moral way

9. When I've got a moral dilemma,


1 2 3 4 5 6 7
religion helps me to make a decision

10. In religion, I enjoy belonging to a


1 2 3 4 5 6 7
group/community

11. Belonging to a religious tradition


and identifying with it is important for 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
me
12. Referring to a religious tradition is
important for my cultural/ethnic 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
identity
3

Published work having used the scale


Clobert, M., Saroglou, V., Hwang, K.-K., & Soong, W.-L. (2014). East Asian religious tolerance: A
myth or a reality? Empirical investigations of religious prejudice in East Asian societies. Journal
of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 45, 1515-1533.
Clobert, M., Saroglou, V., & Hwang, K.-K. (in press). East Asian religious tolerance versus Western
monotheist prejudice: The role of (in)tolerance of contradiction. Group Processes and Intergroup
Relations. Advance online publication (October 2015).
Deak, C., & Saroglou, V. (2015). Opposing abortion, gay adoption, euthanasia, and suicide:
Compassionate openness or self-centered moral rigorism? Archive for the Psychology of Religion,
37, 267-294.
Dimitrova, R. (2014). The Big Four Dimensions of Religiousness and life satisfaction among Dutch
and Italian young adults. In Mikucka, M., & F. Saraccino (Eds.) Life satisfaction: Perceptions,
social influences and implications for long-term health. NY: Nova Publishers.
Dimitrova, R., & Dominguez, A. (in press). Factorial structure and measurement invariance of the
Four Basic Dimensions of Religiousness Scale among Mexican males and females. Journal of
Psychology of Religion and Spirituality.
Tapia, J., Rojas, M., y Villalobos, M. (2013). Fundamentalismo religioso entre jóvenes universitarios
de Costa Rica: Conservadurismo político y espiritualidad sin religión. Revista de Ciencias
Sociales, 139(I), 115-135.

Papers and dissertations having used the scale


Cohu, M. (2015, Juin). Construction de l’échelle de mesure des conceptions normatives de la laïcité.
Communication présentée au 12ème Colloque Jeunes Chercheurs en Psychologie Sociale, Dijon,
France.
Santos, L. C. de O. (2015). Aspectos religiosos, educacionais e valorativos da intenção de voto.
Unpublished Master’s thesis, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Brazil.
Saroglou, V. and 14 co-authors from the International Project on the Psychology of Fundamentalism
(2012, July). Religion and need for closure: A relation sensitive to the cultural context. In J.
Rossier & A. Terraciano (Chairs), Personality and culture: Some new insights. Invited
symposium conducted at the 16th European Conference on Personality, Trieste, Italy.
Saroglou, V., and 14 co-authors from the International Project on the Psychology of Fundamentalism
(2012, July). Fundamentalism versus spirituality and readiness for existential quest: Do religions
and cultures differ? In V. Saroglou & W. J. Lonner (Chairs), Religion, culture, and acculturation:
From social minds to well-being. Symposium conducted at the 21st International Association for
Cross-Cultural Psychology Congress, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Saroglou, V. (2016, March). Religious meaning: Cognitive understanding, emotional positivity, or
moral orientation? In C. Park & V. Saroglou (chairs), The intersection of positive emotions,
meaning and spirituality: Current status and future directions. Symposium conducted at the Mid-
year Conference on Psychology, religion, and spirituality, Long Island, New York, USA.
4

Translations (from English)

Bulgarian Radosveta Dimitrova Stockholm U


Chinese Magali Clobert UC Louvain
Dutch Radosveta Dimitrova Stockholm U
French Vassilis Saroglou UC Louvain
German Sebastian Murken U of Marburg
Greek Frosso Motti-Stefanidi U of Athens
Hebrew Sonia Roccas Open University of Israel
Indonesian Yonathan Aditya U Pelita Harapan
Italian Anna Miglietta University of Torino
Polish Joanna Blogowska
Portuguese Layrtthon Carlos de Oliveira Santos or
Valdiney Veloso Gouveia U of Paraiba
Slovak Lucia Adamovova Slovak Academy of Sciences
Spanish Antonio Muñoz-García (U of Granada, Spain) or
Javier Tapia (U of Costa Rica)
Turkish Cem Safak Çukur Muğla University

other collaborators: Adam Cohen, Kwang-Kuo Hwang, Kevin Ladd, Nicolas Roussiau,
Matthieu Van Pachterbeke)

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