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Soal Discourse

The document discusses several key concepts related to discourse analysis: 1. It defines discourse as language use that is longer than a single sentence, especially language used in a social context. Discourse studies examines the relationship between form and function in communication. 2. Context refers to the objects or entities surrounding a communicative event that provide resources for its interpretation. Context is defined relative to some focal event, not independently. 3. In literary theory, a text can be anything that can be "read" and conveys an informative message through symbols, rather than its physical form. When analyzing a text, literary criticism aims to distinguish the original content from later additions or subtractions. 4. Genre

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Intan Mutiara Akbar
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310 views

Soal Discourse

The document discusses several key concepts related to discourse analysis: 1. It defines discourse as language use that is longer than a single sentence, especially language used in a social context. Discourse studies examines the relationship between form and function in communication. 2. Context refers to the objects or entities surrounding a communicative event that provide resources for its interpretation. Context is defined relative to some focal event, not independently. 3. In literary theory, a text can be anything that can be "read" and conveys an informative message through symbols, rather than its physical form. When analyzing a text, literary criticism aims to distinguish the original content from later additions or subtractions. 4. Genre

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Intan Mutiara Akbar
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Intan Mutiara Akbar – 1202617045

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Introduction to Analysis Discourse

1. The concept of discourse


In linguistics, discourse refers to a unit of language longer than a single sentence. More
broadly, discourse is the use of spoken or written language in a social context.
Discourse studies, says Jan Renkema, refers to "the discipline devoted to the
investigation of the relationship between form and function in verbal communication"
(Introduction to Discourse Studies, 2004).
(https://www.thoughtco.com/discourse-language-term-1690464)
2. The concept of discourse
In semiotics, linguistics, sociology and anthropology, context refers to those objects or
entities which surround a focal event, in these disciplines typically
a communicative event, of some kind. Context is "a frame that surrounds the event and
provides resources for its appropriate interpretation".[1]:2–3 It is thus a relative concept,
only definable with respect to some focal event within a frame, not independently of that
frame.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Context_(language_use))
3. The concept of text
In literary theory, a text is any object that can be "read", whether this object is a work of
literature, a street sign, an arrangement of buildings on a city block, or styles of clothing.
It is a coherent set of signs that transmits some kind of informative message.[1] This set
of symbols is considered in terms of the informative message's content, rather than in
terms of its physical form or the medium in which it is represented.
Within the field of literary criticism, "text" also refers to the original information content
of a particular piece of writing; that is, the "text" of a work is that primal symbolic
arrangement of letters as originally composed, apart from later alterations, deterioration,
commentary, translations, paratext, etc. Therefore, when literary criticism is concerned
with the determination of a "text", it is concerned with the distinguishing of the original
information content from whatever has been added to or subtracted from that content as
it appears in a given textual document (that is, a physical representation of text).
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_(literary_theory))
4. The concept of genre
Genre means a type of art, literature, or music characterized by a specific form, content,
and style. For example, literature has four main genres: poetry, drama, fiction, and non-
fiction. All of these genres have particular features and functions that distinguish them
from one another. Hence, it is necessary on the part of readers to know which category of
genre they are reading in order to understand the message it conveys, as they may have
certain expectations prior to the reading concerned.
(https://literarydevices.net/genre/)
Contexts and Topics of Discourse

 "Discourse can also be used to refer to particular contexts of language use, and in this
sense it becomes similar to concepts like genre or text type. For example, we can
conceptualize political discourse (the sort of language used in political contexts) or
media discourse (language used in the media). In addition, some writers have
conceived of discourse as related to particular topics, such as an environmental
discourse or colonial discourse (which may occur in many different genres). Such
labels sometimes suggest a particular attitude towards a topic (e.g. people engaging in
environmental discourse would generally be expected to be concerned with protecting
the environment rather than wasting resources. Related to this, Foucault (1972: 49)
defines discourse more ideologically as 'practices which systematically form the
objects of which they speak.'"
(Paul Baker and Sibonile Ellece, Key Terms in Discourse Analysis. Continuum, 2011)

Discourse and Text

 "'Discourse' is sometimes used in contrast with 'text,' where 'text' refers to actual
written or spoken data, and 'discourse' refers to the whole act of communication
involving production and comprehension, not necessarily entirely verbal. . . . The
study of discourse, then, can involve matters like context, background information or
knowledge shared between a speaker and hearer."
(Meriel Bloor and Thomas Bloor, The Practice of Critical Discourse Analysis: an
Introduction. Routledge, 2013)

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