fuTGT FHTO

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA, SVP NPA

SHIVARAMPALLY, HYDERABAD - 500052

BIOLOGYINVESTIGATORY PROJECT
DRUG ADDICTION
2016-17

SUBMITTED BY:

Dhananjay Dhiman
XII-A
CBSE Roll No. -
This
eriioa
is to that this "Biology
certify
Investigatory Project" on the topic "Drug
|Addiction" has been successfully completed by
Dhananiay Dhiman of class XI-A under the
guidance of Mrs. Sailaia Navak in particular
fulfilment of the curriculum of Central
Board of Secondary Education {CBSE)leading
to the award of annual examination of the year
2016-17

Teacher-In-Charge External Examiner

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Ihave taken efforts in this project. However, it would not
have been possible without the kind support and help of
many individuals.

I would like to thank my principal Dr. NSK Swamy and

school for providing me with facilities required to do my
project.

I am highly indebted to my Biology teacher, Ms. Sailaia

Navak, for her invaluable guidance which has sustained my
efforts in all the stages of this projeet work.

I would also like to thank my parents for theircontinuous

support and encouragement.

My thanks and appreciations also go to my fellow

classmates and the laboratory assistant in developing the
project and to the people who have willingly helped me out
with their abilities.
 Indgx
S.No. Content Page No.
1. Certificate 2

Acknowledgements
Aim/Objective

Project Report on Drugs Dependence

Introduction to "drugs addiction"

Classifl cation of Drugs

7. Combinations of Drugs and Alcohol

How does drug addiction begin?

9. Social
DiseaseUseSmoking.
of Drugs
Drinking. and 2

10. Tobacco 3

11. Alcohol

12. Conclusion 17

13. Bibliography
14. End of project 18
Obigctive
OpTsGAG

To study drugs their

classification, addictive
nature, and prevention from
addiction.
Projget Report on Prugs
hLOlGGI KGbor OU DLn8?

Dependencg
sbGTgkugE

prescribed by physicians for the prevention

Drugs are
or treatment of diseases, or for increasing the physical
and mental performance and are withdrawn as soon as

the desired effect is achieved. Repeated use of certain

make the
drugs on a periodic or continuous basis may
body dependence. Such drugs are called psychotropic
alter behavior,
drugs. They act on the brain and
consciousness, and capacity of perception. Hence, they
are also termed mood-altering drugs. Some people start
drugs without medical advice due to one reason
taking
or the other and become drugs dependent.
 INTRODUCTION TO
TETKO OCIOE TO
"DRUGS 1DDICTION"
AKOTA UMDICIOE
"Drug Addiction" phrase is made by two words:

Drug
(11) Addiction.

What is meant by a drug?

Any subxtance, other than food, used in the prevention, diagnosis, all
aviation or treament of a disease is called a drug. A drugmay also be
defined as a chemical which, when taken in some way after the body
function. The drug is also known as a medicine. Generally, the term drugs
applicd to any stimulating or depressing substance that can be habiuating
addictive.

Meaning of Addiction
Addiction is the habitual, psychological and physiological dependence on
a sulbstance or practice. Which is beyond voluntary control. A person who
is habituated to a substance ora practice, especiallya hamful one, is calkd
an adlict.
Classification of Drugs
CI9e?TTG9IIOD OT L 2
There are a large number of drugs on which people become dependent.
These are classified into four major groups: sedatives and tranquilizers
opiate narcotics, stimulants and hallucinogens.

Type of Drug Examples Effect

Sedetives and Barbiturates. Depress CNS activity
Trenqulllzers Benzodiazepines give a feeling of
Calmness.
relaxation.
drowsines.

Oplate Narcotles Opium, Morphine. Suppress brain

Codeine, Heroin activity relaxed
pain.
Stimulants Amphetamines, Make a person more
Caffeine, Cocaine wakeful,
alert and active,
cause excitement.

LSQ. Mescalin. Ater thoughts.

Halludinogens feeling. annd
psilocybin.
Ganja. Charas. perceptions.
Hashish.
 Combinations of Drugsand
C O D p T D 9 T O D ? O1 DLOG? 9 D q

Aleohol
TGODSOT

Some addicts use mixtures of drugs to have immediate "kid' or "charge'.

Simultaneous use of drug and alcohol may produce dangerous effects.

including death. When barbiturates and alcohol are taken together. each
called
doubles the effect of the other. A mixture of cocaine and heroin
kick of cocaine and prolonged pleasure of
speedball gives a spontaneous
heroin.

Combination Effect
1. Alcohol +Barbiturates Markedly increased the
depressant effect.
2. Alcohol+Antihistamines Markeddrowsiness
3. Alcohol +Valium Dramatically increases sedative
effect.
4. Alcohol + Marijuana or Decreased coordination

Hashish increased reaction time

Impaired judgment.
Increased changes of damage to
5. Alcohol+ Aspirin
gastric mucosa.
 How dogs drug
OM gos2 q.o

addiction begin?
9gqiGTOD DOO
There are many factors that lead people to drug addictBon.
1. Curlosity: Frequent references to drugs by public media create
curiosity for having a personal experience of the drugs.

2.Eriend'apresrure: Frequent appreciation of drug experience by

friends allures others to start the use of drugs.

3.Frustration and Depression: Some people start taking drugs to

get relief from frustration and depression.
Students sometimes take drugs to
4.
The desire for More Work: for the examination. It is not
keep awake the whole night to prepare

desirable as it may cause mental breakdown.

a

A wrong notion that the drugs

5. Looking fora Diserent World:
open up a new world tempts octets to start
some young taking-drugs.
of pain-relieving drugs with
6. Relief from Pain; A prolonged use

to addiction.
times leads
physicdan's advice at

may take to drugs by seeing their elders

7.
Family History: Children
in the family.
8. Excitemnent and Adventure: The young take to drugs to satisfy

their instinct for excitement and adventure.

 Social
OG19
Disgasg - Smoking
U26920 -9SOKTD
Drinking, and Usg of Drugs
Smoking and drinking and use of drugs frequently
regularly social diseases. They
are
or
of the addicts and the
adversely affect the health
society. Young people take to these
habits for fun, show off or
curiosity, as an adventure or
feeling of freedom. or as a
gesture of defiance against the
elders who themselves
indulge in these activities but check
the youngsters. Other factors that make
people take to these
vices are the inability to face
problems of life
indifference
shown by members of the
family and encouragement or
pressure by friends. A temporary escape from the
life
problems and mental relaxation felt on taking the
drugs in
the beginning increase
person's interest in them. Soon they
become habitual and find in difficult to
leave. The daily dose
to get the desired effect increases with time.
As in other countries, the menace of
drug addiction is
spreading in India also. A large number of our young men
and women have taken to intoxicants.
About 87.6 per cent
drug addicts are between the ages of 14 and 25 years.
 Tobaceo
TopgGGO
Sources:
It is a native of South Africa. where the
Red Indian first started
smoking.
Now
the tobacco plant has spread the world
over. It has
large. quote to lanceolate
leaves and terminal clusters of tubular, white or pink flowers.
Modes of Uae
Tobacco is used for smoking. chewing and snuffing. Its main
stimulating component is poisonous volatile alkaloid
nicotine.
which causes addiction. Nicotine synthesis occurs in the roots
plant but it is stored in the leaves. The leaves contain 2 of the
nicotine. Inhaling tobacco smoke from
to 8%
cigars. cigarettes.
pipes and hubble-bubble is called smoking. The igar is abiddies.
roll of
tobacco leaf. The cigarette is cut tobacco
wrapped in paper. Bidi is
tobacco wrapped. In a
piece of leaf. Tobacco smoke is
directly from the drawn
pipe and through water is hubble-bubble. Smoking
may give some
temporary relief to the strained nerves but in
long run. it
proves a dangerous health hazard. The quantity
the
nicotine contained in one cigar of
may prove fatal if injected
intravenouslyinto a person. When smoked only 10% of the smoke
is inhaled. Hence. no immediate ill effect is observed. Smokers
may
develop a physiological craving for nicotine and then they cannot
give up smoking.
Effect of Nicotine
Nicotine is a low concentration.
6) Stimulates conduction of
nerve
impulses.
(i) Relaxes the muscles.
ii) Releases adrenaline. increasing heart beat rate and
pressure.
(iv) Increased blood pressure due to smoking chances the
heart diseases. riskof
(v) Retards foetal growth in expecting mothers and
(vi) Causes tobacco addiction.
High concentration of
paralyzes nerve cells. nicotine
Other Harmful componenis of Tolbacco Smoke
Besides the poisonous nicotine. the tobaco smoke contains carbon-
monoxide. polycycic aromatic hydrocarbons, and tar.

her Elecs
)alsoSmokingeffects economy: A smoker not only waste money but
runs the risk of burns and fires.
Gi) Simokingmars personality:Teeth may become stained. Lips may
get discolored and breath becomes foul. A person with a cigarette
hanging from the mouth looks odd.
(Gii) Smoking is annoying to others Cigarette smoke is quite
annoying to non-smokers. It may prove even more harmful to
them. A smoker should avoid smoking. When in the compay of
non-smokers. A smoker makes the person nearby person's passive
smokers through inhaling smoke released by him.
 leohol
TGODOT
Sources:
Ethyl alcohol. or ethanol, flammable, colorless liquid having a penetrating
odour and buming taste. It is one the products of the distillation of
of
fermented grains, frult juices and starches with the help of yeast enzymes. It
is the principal constituent and the intoxicating priniple of wines.

Modesof Ue
Alcohol is taken in low concentration, as the beer, toddy. and wine and in
relatively high concentration as arrack. brandy. whiskey. rum. gin. vodka
etc.

Addiction:
Addiction to alcohol is called alcoholism. Alcoholics are found in all society
section of society. Aicohol causes intoxication and thus. acts as a poison.
They drinkers begin with small doses. but many of them soon start
consuming large doses and become addicts. By the time they realize that

drinking in adversely affecting them. it is too late to give it up.

Why People Take to Drinkin
The drinkers offer one or more of the following reasons for starting drinking.

Social pressure
(i) Desire for excitement
(ii) Feeling of inde pendence

(iv Liking of taste

such realities of life as disappointments and
() Desire
to escape from
failures and
and monotony of daily life.
(vi) The desire to offset the hardships
 What happens wben AlcoholiAlcoholand your healith
consumed? May

in
Alcohol is quickly absorbed
the stomach and upper part or mouth

small intestine and reaches

all
ancer
the tissues in minutes. ts
Oxidation starts at once and aa

amount of heat inn vern

large
heat is not
produced. Since
the blood and carried to the skin fc
needed in the body. it is taken up by
are located in the skin. the
rush
dissipation. Since the receptors of heat
blood to the skin gives a false impression
of warmth in the body. The bloo-
in fall of temperatur
supply of internal organs is greatly reduced resulting
is not used in any life proces=
in them. The energy released by alcohol
the body of exce=
Rather the energy derived from food is used up in ridding
heat.

Is Alcohol AStimulant?
Many people take alcohol for stimulation. Actually, alcohol is a depressan
a substance which dulls the senses. of every tissu
It reduces the efficiency
the body. Any feeling of lift a person may claim to feel is a mistake-
impression or an attempt to justify the act in his own mind.
 Conelusions
rODGTT2TOD?
Drug use and addiction cause a lot of disease and disability in the
world. Recent advances in neuroscience may help improve policies
to reduce the harm that the use of tobacco. alcohol and other
pychoactive drugs impose on society.

Bibliography
PIpITOL9DDtT
Abadinsky. Drug Abuse (1989): H. T. Milhorn. Jr. Chemical
See H.
Dependence (1990); D. Baum. Smoke and Mirors:The War on Drugs and
the Politics of Failure (1996): M. Massing. The Fix (1998): J. Jonnes.
Hepcats, Narcs, and Pipe Dreams: A History of America's Romance with
llegal Drugs (1999): publications of the Drugs & Crime Data Center and
the Bureau of Justice Statistics Clearinghouse, and the
Clearinghouse,
National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information.

NCERT Class 12 Lab Manual

https://en.wikipedia.org
*https://www.google.co.in
*https://www.scribd.com
*https://www.slideshare.com
Class 12 NCERT Textbook
Reference articles fromvarious blogs.
End of
Poject
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