DEPARTMENT OF TEACHER

EDUCATION
Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, PHILIPPINES
Telefax: 563-7527
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.vsu.edu.ph

Midterm Examination
PrEd 123
Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles

Name: _____________________________________________________Score:
Class Schedule: ______________________________
50

Multiple Choice
Direction: Read each item carefully then choose the BEST answer. 1 point each

1. Anna is a five-year-old child, she witnessed that her long-sleeved blouse is now short
on her size as well as her other clothes. She perceived that as a person grow old there
are changes in the body specifically in measurements. What ___domain of development is
the situation pertaining?
a. Cognitive Development
b. Physical Development
c. Socio-emotional Development
d. Body Development

2. Dr. Jose, a pediatrician, believes that a child will undergo a process of internal ripening
in order for that child to develop. What concept of development does this adhere to?
a. Continuity
b. Nurture
c. Nature
d. Discontinuity

3. It is a term used by psychologist that refer to a person’s capability to cope with the
various changes in life.
a. Passivity
b. Activity
c. Positivity
d. Plasticity

4. Robert Havighurst introduced this concept where he emphasized that at a certain range
in life there are challenges and problems that needs to be addressed thus achieving
and failing will have an effect on a child’s development
a. Developmental Task
b. Developmental Job
c. Development Chore
d. Development Work

5. It is an issue in child’s development, which strongly believes that environment has a

huge role that shapes the child. Culture, historical and economic contexts influences
how a child will think and learn.

Vision: A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation
Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge and innovative technologies for sustainable communities and
environment.
 DEPARTMENT OF TEACHER
EDUCATION
Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, PHILIPPINES
Telefax: 563-7527
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.vsu.edu.ph

a. Universal
b. Context-Specific
c. Activity
d. Passivity

6. Post-modernist teachers believe that a development of a child is concurrent while one

aspect is being enhanced the other skills are also being developed. This statement
justifies that:
a. Development is Sequential
b. Development is Multidirectional
c. Development is Multidisciplinary
d. Development is Ordinal

7. Cali’s grandmother believes that an individual will undergo a substantial change when it
is still young that will reached till adulthood, there is always a significant change in all
aspect. This idea of Cali’s grandmother coheres to what approach of development?
a. Life-long Approach
b. Life-Span Approach
c. Traditional Approach
d. Tradition Approach

8. It is a principle of child development that cling to the idea that people around the child or
the interaction that a child have will result to positive and negative impact to its
development.
a. Development result from an interaction
b. Development proceeds to greater complexity
c. Development follow a sequence
d. Development happens when a child is being challenged

9. It is the primary stage of development that occurs in conception, where in most

developmentalist believe is the starting point of all development.
a. Germinal Stage
b. Embryonic Stage
c. Fetal Stage
d. Prenatal Stage

10. It is an Act that will protect the child against abuses, exploitation and discrimination in
our Country.
a. R.A 7621
b. R.A 6712
c. R.A 7610
d. R.A 6170

11. Albeit is an 18-year-old college student with this age range is considered by the United
Nation as:
a. Child

Vision: A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation
Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge and innovative technologies for sustainable communities and
environment.
 DEPARTMENT OF TEACHER
EDUCATION
Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, PHILIPPINES
Telefax: 563-7527
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.vsu.edu.ph

b. Adolescent
c. Infant
d. Adult

12. It is a qualitative change that cannot be measured or not easily observable. It is

evaluated through the acquired skills and ability.
a. Growth
b. Development
c. Learning
d. Maturation

13. It is a quantitative change that can be measured, either increasing or decreasing.

a. Growth
b. Development
c. Learning
d. Maturation

14. Sakura noticed that one of her classmate is fond of biting the tip of the ballpen. Which
theory will best explain her classmates’ behavior?
a. Piaget's Cognitive Theory
b. Pavlov's Classical Conditioning
c. Freud's Psychosexual Theory
d. Skinner's Operant Conditioning

15. Nathaniel, a is 4-years old child, is fond of playing with his penis when he urinates. In
which stage of Freud's theory can Nathaniel be considered?
a. Phallic
b. Genital
c. Anal
d. Latency

16. When the daughter is competing with the mother for the father's attention, the daughter
is said to be experiencing __________.
a. Oedipus Complex
b. Electra Complex
  c. Fixation
d. Identity Crisis

17. Latency stage is considered as the "calm" stage of psychosexual development. Which
explains this condition?
a. Children have less energy on this stage
b. Children are not interested about their sex organs

Vision: A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation
Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge and innovative technologies for sustainable communities and
environment.
 DEPARTMENT OF TEACHER
EDUCATION
Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, PHILIPPINES
Telefax: 563-7527
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.vsu.edu.ph

c. The libido is blocked temporarily

d. Sexual energy is diverted to school and peer activities

18. Which will probably happen if a child failed to resolve the crisis of the anal stage?
a. The child may become sexually promiscuous
b. The child may have problems with trust
c. The child may become obsessed with cleanliness
d. The child may become a smoker

19. In Freud’s psychosexual theory, an unresolved task or challenge is called _________.

a. Malignancies
b. Maladaptation
c. Fixation
d. Fixated
20. It means sexual desire.
a. Aggression
b. Libido
c. Sublimation
d. Pleasure
21. Around this age, the child begins to toilet train which brings about the child's fascination
in the erogenous zone of the anus.
a. Latency period
b. Genital period
c. Anal stage
d. Oral Stage
22. It is the fixation in the oral stage of development that is manifested by an obsession with
stimulating the mouth.
a. Mount fixation
b. Oral fixation
c. Anal fixation
d. Mouth Fixation
23. Freud posited the idea of "feminine Oedipus attitude" as a theoretical counterpart of a
boys’ attitude during Phallic stage.
a. Penis envy
b. Electra complex
c. Oedipus complex
d. Castration Anxiety

24. A child who has not successfully completed this behavior will become an adult who has
an anally expulsive character. They will be characterized as disorganized, messy,
reckless, careless, and defiant. If the child's tactics are overindulged, then they can form
an anally retentive character as an adult.
a. Anal expulsive
b. Anal retentive

Vision: A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation
Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge and innovative technologies for sustainable communities and
environment.
 DEPARTMENT OF TEACHER
EDUCATION
Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, PHILIPPINES
Telefax: 563-7527
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.vsu.edu.ph

c. Anal fixation
d. Anal fixated
25. To defend itself against unacceptable impulses, the ego develops specific psychic
means, known as__________. These include repression, the exclusion of impulses
from conscious awareness; projection, the process of ascribing to others one's own
unacknowledged desires; and reaction formation, the establishment of a pattern of
behavior directly opposed to a strong unconscious need.
a. Anxiety
b. Defense mechanism
c. Drive
d. Coping mechanism
26. This refers to the unconscious fear of penile loss in men, which originates during the
phallic stage of sexual development and lasts a lifetime.
a. Castration anxiety
b. Electra complex
c. Oedipus complex
d. Castrating Anxiety

27. Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development proposed eight stages. Which of the
following best represents two of these stages?
a. ‘Basic trust versus mistrust’ and ‘superego’
b. ‘Interindividual’ and ‘initiative versus guilt’ 
c. ‘Industry versus inferiority’ and ‘integrity versus despair’
d. ‘Critical period’ and ‘sensitive period

28. Havighurst proposed that successful achievement of developmental tasks leads to

happiness and success with later tasks. Which of the following best describes these
tasks?

a. Infancy, adolescence and early adulthood        

b. Mesosystem, exosystem and macrosystem       
c. Cohort effect, period effect and agency                                
d. Sensorimotor, preoperational and concrete operational stages

29. Generativity is a concept that means:

a. A human being has the power to make decisions and changes in their life            
b. A crisis which must be faced and resolved by the individual 
c. The creation of something (children or more abstract examples such as an idea or
art) becomes the central task       

Vision: A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation
Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge and innovative technologies for sustainable communities and
environment.
 DEPARTMENT OF TEACHER
EDUCATION
Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, PHILIPPINES
Telefax: 563-7527
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.vsu.edu.ph

d. An approach to studying development that can be widely applied to many domains

30. Erikson characterizes development as a series of what?

a. psychosexual stages
b. sociophallic stages
c. psychosocial stages
d. psychomoral stages
31. What psychosocial crisis results in either a feeling of “self-will” or “giving-up”?
a. trust vs. mistrust
b. autonomy vs. shame and doubt
c. generativity vs. stagnation
d. intimacy vs. isolation
32. Which psychosocial stage centers around integrating a new personality out of the
many changes taking place at this time in the individual’s life?
a. identity vs. role confusion
b. autonomy vs. shame and doubt
c. trust vs. mistrust
d. industry vs. inferiority

33.  During the _________________ stage, one's ability to cope with demands is
challenged and either competence or inferiority are the outcomes.
a. Infancy
b. Early childhood
c. Pre-School
d. School Age

34. Which of these is NOT one of the "life stage virtues" of development according to Erik
Erikson?
a. Hope
b. Love
c. Wisdom
d. Honesty

35. _________ vs. __________ is the conflict faced during middle adulthood.
a. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
b. Identity vs. Role Confusion
c. Integrity vs. Despair
d. Generativity vs. Stagnation

Vision: A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation
Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge and innovative technologies for sustainable communities and
environment.
 DEPARTMENT OF TEACHER
EDUCATION
Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, PHILIPPINES
Telefax: 563-7527
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.vsu.edu.ph

36. Examples of the Formal Operations Stage are 

a. Use abstract reasoning
b. Imagine the outcome of particular actions.
c. Think creatively
d. All the above

37. Piaget used this term to explain an internal representation of the world.
a. Cognition
b. Assimilation
c. Schema
d. Accommodation

38. It is the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding via thought,
experience, and the senses.
a. Cognition
b. Assimilation
c. Schema
d. Accommodation

39. Janie knows that a bird has wings and can fly. While camping she finds a bat and thinks
it's a bird, but realizes that it doesn't act the same way as a bird. She is confused. She
is using what adaptation process with this new knowledge?
a. Cognition
b. Assimilation
c. Schema
d. Accommodation

40. He was one of the 20th century's most influential researchers in the area of
developmental psychology.
a. Jeen Piaget
b. Jean Piagget
c. Jeen Piagget
d. Jean Piaget
41. It is the acquisition of the ability to think, reason and solve problem
a. Cognitive Development
b. Formal Operational
c. The Sensorimotor
d. Equilibrium
42. Jacob is using an existing schema to deal with a new object or situation. Which
adaptation process is he using?
a. Cognition
b. Assimilation
c. Schema
d. Accommodation

Vision: A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation
Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge and innovative technologies for sustainable communities and
environment.
 DEPARTMENT OF TEACHER
EDUCATION
Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, PHILIPPINES
Telefax: 563-7527
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.vsu.edu.ph

43. It is a stage in Piaget's Theory where a child has the ability to systematically solve a
problem in a logical and methodological way.
a. Sensorimotor Stage
b. Preoperational Stage
c. Concrete Operational Stage
d. Formal Operational Stage
44. It is a stage in Piaget's Theory where a child understands the world by coordinating
sensory experiences.
a. Sensorimotor Stage
b. Preoperational Stage
c. Concrete Operational Stage
d. Formal Operational Stage

45. Which of the following can help promote the development of Sociocultural Theory in
practical applications?
a. Planning and organizing their instruction and lessons
b. Using hints, prompts, and direct instruction
c. Scaffolding
d. All of above
46. Through playing and imagining, children are able to develop conceptual abilities and
knowledge of the world further, and also help promote the growth of abstract thinking.
According to Vygotsky, what type of play can foster learning?
a. Imaginary play
b. Role-playing
c. Re-enactments of real events.
d. All of the above

47. Vygotsky believe that the zone of proximal development is:

Vision: A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation
Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge and innovative technologies for sustainable communities and
environment.
 DEPARTMENT OF TEACHER
EDUCATION
Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, PHILIPPINES
Telefax: 563-7527
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.vsu.edu.ph

a. True
b. False
c. None of the above
d. All of the above

48. Scaffolding is a way for adults to guides the child's learning from the inability to perform
tasks to being able to do so independently through guidance, positive interactions and
questions. This statement is ______.
a. True
b. False
c. None of the above
d. All of the above
49. There are 3 steps process to apply ZPD: 1. Identify what a student already knows. 2.
Build knowledge through scaffolding. 3. Help students connect their new learning to
their prior knowledge. This statement is:
a. True
b. False
c. None of the above
d. All of the above
50. More Knowledgeable other (MKO) refers to someone who has greater knowledge and
skills than students which can help them to learn and understand the material. Which of
the following are the examples of MKO? 
a. Teachers
b. Other adults
c. Parents
d. All of the above

“Striving for success without hard work is like trying to harvest where you haven’t planted.” 
― David Bly, American politician

Vision: A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation
Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge and innovative technologies for sustainable communities and
environment.