ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN YOUR

BUSINESS
(MACHINE)
EQUIPMENT, FACTORY AND
PLANT

Prepared By: Bejai Naiker Nerash Prepared for:

Development Bank of Ethiopia
Owner and founder
of Bejai Ethio Industrial and Engineering
Date: February, 2023
 IT’S NOT ABOUT IDEAS. IT’S
ABOUT MAKING IDEAS HAPPEN.

ስራ ፈጣሪ ?
አባ መላ ?
 EQUIPMENT, FACTORY & PLANT
Equipment:- is necessary item/machine for a particular purpose.

Example: Mill, Mixer, Screw etc.…..

Factory:- a machine or a group of machinery where goods are

manufactured or assembled including building.

Example: Cloth Factory, Food Factory etc.…..

Plant:- is a site where a specific process takes place.

Example: Feed plants, Sugar plant etc.…..

 1. EQUIPMENT
Based on importance
1.1 Auxiliary equipment's
Example: Boiler, Compressor, Generator ….
1.2 Main equipment's
Example: Mixer, Elevator, Belt Conveyor, Silos
Based on supply availability
1.3 locally supplied equipment's
local market available
1.4 Brought out equipment's
(imported)
 2. FACTORY
Based on purpose

Feed Factory;

Chemical Factory;

Sugar Factory;

Cement Factory;

Gypsum Factory;

Textile Factory etc….

 3. PLANT

• Feed plant;

• Sugar plant;

• Quartz plant;

• Cement plant
 4. WHAT ARE YOU LOOKING FOR?

Considerations for Equipment, Factory and plant

4.1 Total power Consumption & demand
Example: 500kw; 80 Amp; 380 Vac and 50Hz; 220V.
Example: Indian, Ethiopian, china….. are same
4.2 Critical line that needs generator power.
Example: kiln needs critical power.
4.3 Space requirement and mode of line (LxWxH)
Vertical line or
Horizontal line or hybrid
4.4. Capacity of equipment, Factory & plant
Example: TPH; TPD, TPY, LPD etc.
4.5 Consider brand and experience on Specific requirements
Example: ABB; Bubler; Bejai Ethio
4.6 Easy to operate (feasible/ maneuverable)
Manual; Semi automatic; Fully automatic; Smart and AI.
Example: Color Sorter
4.7 Spare part availability
Example: parts are standard & easily available
4.8 Durability
Machine made of quality metals SS; MS; CS; Special treated; 100%
Copper… etc.
4.9 Safety
Does it have safety signs; Alarm; Guards; Protections; Interruption;
Emergency buttons etc…
4.10 Types of machine on
static, Dynamic, Vibration, Thermal, Sliding etc……
4.11 Maintainability
Is the machine maintainable easily
4.12 Specialty
Environmental Friendly?
4.13 Resealablity
Can we sell the machine after we do our work?
4.14 Feasible Cost
Machine cost feasibility
4.15 Standard
Is the machine standard for societal, legal, political
system
4.16 Moral of Technology
Example: unemployment ….etc.
5. WHAT ARE WE MANAGE AND WHAT WE PAY ?
S/N FOR EQUIPMENT; FACTORY; PLANT PERCENTAGE OF
COST ITEMS TOTAL COST
5.1 STUDY 2%
5.2 DESIGN 5%
5.3 MANUFACTURING 65%
5.4 PROCUREMENT
5.5 DELIVERY (TRANSPORTATION) 3%
5.6 ERRECTION 5%
5.7 INSTALLATION 5%
5.8 COMMISIONING 2%
5.9 TESTING 1%
5.10 TRAINING 2%
5.11 HAND OVER 1%
5.12 AFTER SALES SERVICE 2%
5.13 SPARE PART FOR 1 YEAR 2%
5.14 WARRENTY/ GUARANTY 5%
6. CHOOSING CAPACITY OF EQUIPMENT; FACTORY
OR PLANT
Mainly consider
6.1 Based on available market, product or service
6.2 Based on investment cost
6.3 Based on available land infrastructure
6.4 Based on available skills
6.5 based on raw materials …etc.
 7. CHOOSING LINES
Market inconsistence will make the line to be splited; or tripled or etc.
Example: choosing 10TPH compound feed processing will be
advised two 5TPH each compound feed processing machine
i.e.
• To sustain market
• To facilitate maintenance (predictive, preventive, breakdown and
over haul)
• To use lower power by generator
• To reduce the production cost
• To resist raw material supply fluctuation
• To produce two different products at a time
 8. ASK FOR PI (PROFORMA INVOICE) ?
Consider points in PI (minimum)
Date on PI number
Buyers name and address
Sellers name and address
Description of equipment’s, factory or plant
Designs and layouts (preferably 3D)
Total capacity
Detail itemized specification quantity; prices etc.
All costs mentioned in slide 10
Delivery place, mode and time
Bank detail
Reference for good mfg practices.
Signature and stamp
Brochures
 autonomy
innovativeness

Competitive
aggressiveness

Networking

‘’People with goals succeed

because they know where
they're going’’
Firm performance
9. QUICK TIPS OF PROJECTS ON
EQUIPMENT, FACTORY
OR PLANT
9.1 LOW COST HOUSING BRICK MAKING EQUIPMENT
FOR LOW COST HOUSE
• Capacity all available and Drive with diesel & Electric

• The machine includes Clay Hopper, Clay Mixer, Clay Strip Extruder,
Wire Cutter and Clay Strip Cutter.
9.2 LOW COST BRICK HOUSE
• Example: 7m*14m with 3m high all floor, wall, roof, beds, chair etc. It is
possible to build the floor, wall, roof, kitchen, bed, seat with clay
without cement or with a little cement. It is possible to work in areas
where land is available of bricks
9.3 SANITARY PAD FROM BANANA / FALSE
BANANA STEM
• Banana fibre is naturally super absorbent and highly
effective at locking away menstrual fluid.

• Banana farmers earn extra income each harvest by

selling banana stems or fibres which were previously
discarded as agro-waste.

• Production of hygiene products (like pads and diapers)

by turning discarded banana trees into fiber, cotton
and paper.

• The production is easy. It is perishable which makes it

preferable.
9.4 DRIED FISH POWDER PRODUCTION
• Fishmeal takes the form of powder or cake. This form is
obtained by drying the fish or fish trimmings, and then grinding
it.

• If the fish used is a fatty fish it is first pressed to extract most of

the fish oil. The production and large-scale use of fishmeal are
controversial..

• In particular, the areas with fish production are Arbaminca, Bahr

Dar, Zwai, Awasa, Sekote, etc.

• The syrup can be used on rice, porridge, in various recipes. It

can be stored for a long time. You need the drying/grinding and
packing machine
9.5 BALLOON IRRIGATION
• It is especially useful around Bale, Gojam, Arsi, Gondar,
Awasa, Afar, Sumale, etc.

• It is also possible to make a business by providing services to

your own farm or another farm. Balloon irrigation is done by
installing a water tank and a pump with a badge with this
system, you can make more than one thousand birr per hour.
which is more than 30,000 thousand birr per day.

• Farming is a basic business idea if managed with knowledge

and diligence.
9.6 PRODUCTION OF COLORED GYPSUM
POWDER
• Before gypsum was widely produced in our country, it used to take
a lot of time and consume a lot of cement. But now, without
cement, we have started to replace the wall block or ceiling/slab
directly with gypsum, thus reducing cement consumption and
time. But he couldn't stop painting.

• But by easily changing the gypsum powder to different colors, it

will reduce the cost of painting and the time spent on painting.

• This happens by receiving gypsum powder and powder paint from

the factories and producing colored gypsum 5tph. Aqueous
Gypsum can be made water-resistant.
9.7 COMFORTER AND QUILIT MAKING
• Comforter, quilt, table dress….. Comforters are mostly
imported; has artificial cotton and nylon lining inside. It
comes in different designs from different country.
• If you produce 20 organic healthy comforters per day and
package them and offer them to the domestic and foreign
markets.
9.8 LEATHER BAG AND PRODUCTS
MANUFACTURING
• Our country has leather resources and It’s easy to use
and dye the leather after tanning and fixing it, and it is
possible to do it at the cottage industry level.

• Do you know how many student bags are imported into

the market each year? Too much fabric for that matter. A
leather bag is strong and durable if it is well made. Let's
think of producing "student bags".
9.9 AQUA PHONICS (FISH POND) AND FISH
PRODUCTION
• The farming of aquatic organisms including fish, molluscs,
crustaceans and aquatic plants.

• Farming implies some sort of intervention in the rearing

process to enhance production, such as regular stocking,
feeding, protection from predators, etc.

• Farming also implies individual or corporate ownership of

the stock being cultivated, the planning, development and
operation of aquaculture systems, sites, facilities and
practices, and the production and transport.
9.10 COMPOUND ANIMAL FEED PRODUCTION

• Animal feed is an important input to animal agriculture and is

frequently the main cost of the raising or keeping of animals.
Farms typically try to reduce cost for this food, by growing
their own, grazing animals or supplementing expensive feeds
with substitutes, such as food waste like spent grain from
beer brewing.

• Compound feed machine is the mixing of different

ingredients in quantity and type. It is to prepare protein,
carbohydrates, fats, minerals, vitamins, sometimes medicine
by grinding and mixing corn, oil juice, lime, bone, molasses,
etc.
9.11 BABY FOOD PROCESSING
(FORTIFIED FOOD)
• Especially Borena-Mekele-Semera-Sekota-Gonder-
Debretabor-Awasa-Hosaena-Wolkite-Arbaminc.Among the
problems that have occurred in Ethiopia in the past years is
the shortage of children's food.

• School feeding program: NGOs (FAO, save the children..)

that help poor areas with food and food consumers are the
main market. The basic raw materials and production are
corn, soybeans, chickpeas, wheat, vitamins, minerals, and
oil. Combing-cutting-grinding-spraying-processing and
packing are the main production processes..
 9.12 PRODUCTION OF LIQUID NATURAL
FERTILIZER
• Environmental plants nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium Production of N:P:K (nitrogen, phosphorus,
potassium) ....
 9.13 MAKING OF DISCARDED GLASS, BOTTLES AND
FLOWER DECORATIONS
• Using mill, high temperature furnace, compressor, molds, and materials by melting the broken bottle,
putting it in the mold, using compressor or blowing, producing different utility materials.
 9.14 LIME PRODUCTION
• (raw Ca2CO3, hydrated lime, dried and calcined lime)
• Lime is useful for many things, grind it for animal feed, grind it for agricultural soil treatment, burn it and
grind it for sugar and paper factories, dyes, etc.
 9.15 FOOD TRUCK
• Selling food and drink on the go. Selling food/drinks/cakes and various things whenever and
wherever you want while pulling a pickup truck.
 9.16 EGG CRATE AND EGG TRAY MACHINE
• In order to bring more eggs to the market, care is needed. Although there are many methods, the
production of egg trays made from recycled paper is a profitable business. It is possible to produce
the product by grinding, crushing, molding and drying waste paper.
 9.17 RIVER SIDE FARMING
• Good agriculture requires skilled manpower, financing through loan contributions, land provided with
water, technology, seeds, fertilizers, medicine, agricultural management information system in an
organized manner.
 9.18 ESSENTIAL OILS PRODUCTION
• Rosemary cumin, Enslal, Bsobela It is used as a flavoring agent for medicine, as a tonic for food and
drink, and as a preservative (soap and shampoo).
 9.19 TOURISM WORK
• It is to make tours from services and facilities by preparing transportation-safari-cooking and lodging cars.
 9.20 MEAT DRIER MACHINE
• Preparation of beef, goat, mutton meatballs and packaging and offering to domestic and foreign
markets. By preserving food, it helps in the process of fattening.
 9.21 SALT PRODUCTION
• Wash the salt, make it iodized and grind it. Raw salt is available from Afar, wash it with brine
solution, dry it without iodization, grind it and sell it without grinding it.
9.22 PRODUCTION OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE
FROM SALT
• Its used for soap, for paper, for textiles, for metal, for paint, for
rayon, for oxide coating, for electroplating.
 9.23 (JAGGERY) IS NATURAL CANE
SUGAR
• We use sugar at a high level and it is coming in from outside. Factory sugar uses lime, sulfur and
sometimes diatomite, but there is a shortage.
 9.24 POWER ALCOHOL EXTRACTION
• It can be used by wood or electric distiller. It uses a smoke-free production method.
9.25 PLASTIC WATER TANKER MANUFACTURING
• To make a plastic tank, put the polymer powder in a
metal mold and heat it for 30 minutes.
9.26 GROWING MUSHROOMS
• Mushroom is a popular food because it contains healthy
and nutritious ingredients
 9.27 PRODUCTION AND SALE OF COFFEE
CAPSULES
• It is common to send the raw or crushed or ground to the domestic or foreign market.
 9.28 PLASTIC RECYCLING
• Plastic recycling is possible to reuse old water (PET), car battery (PP) and similar (PVC) plastics...
• One of the business ideas is to grind, wash and separate them according to their colors and provide them
as resources for other industries.
 9.29 DECAFFEINATED COFFEE
• You see, a large part of society is caffeine sensitive! Coffee has about 95mg of caffeine.
 9.30 SPICE PROCESSING
• Spice products are available in our country like Southwest Ethiopia, Kembata, North Gondar,
Gurage, etc.
 9.31 DRYING OF FRUITS (RWD)
• We can dry any fruits without changing the taste and change it to a powder form for
juice.
 9.32 STONE AND CONCRETE SPLITTING
• Splitting machines accurately split material to thinner dimensions and can split a
thick material into many thinner pieces.
 9.33 MEDICAL FACE MASK PRODUCTION

• A medical face mask is a loose fitting, disposable mask that covers the nose and mouth. This includes
products labelled as surgical, dental, medical procedures, insulation, mouth and nose protection, and laser
masks.
 9.34 BANDAGE (GAUZE) PRODUCTION
• Gauze and a method for fabricating the same are provided to prevent generation of dust and
contaminants, to shorten manufacturing processes, and to produce a large amount of gauze
 9.35 MEDICAL APRON PRODUCTION
• Disposable aprons are important personal protective equipment used to protect
healthcare workers from the risk of infection and to reduce the possibilities for cross
contamination of microorganisms.
 9.36 HOSPITAL BED PRODUCTION
• A hospital bed or hospital cot is a bed specially designed for hospitalized patients or others
in need of some form of health care. These beds have special features both for the comfort
and well-being of the patient and for the convenience of health care workers.
 9.37 PATIENT WHEEL CHAIR PRODUCTION
• A wheelchair is a chair with wheels to help people move around. It is used by individuals
who have impairments that limit their ability to walk.
 9.38 CLINICAL SYRINGE PRODUCTION
• Syringes – devices used to inject medication into or withdraw fluid from the body.
 9.40 NITRILE AND LATEX GLOVE PRODUCTION
• Latex gloves are made of natural rubber that fits comfortably and protects from viruses
and bacteria. Nitrile gloves are made of synthetic rubber that resists punctures and harsh
cleaning chemicals but impedes range of motion.
 9.41 IV FLUID PRODUCTION
IV fluids are specially formulated liquids that are injected into a vein to prevent or treat dehydration. They
are used in people of all ages who are sick, injured, dehydrated from exercise or heat, or undergoing surgery.
Intravenous rehydration is a simple, safe and common procedure with a low risk of complications.
 9.42 MEDICINAL PLANTS PRODUCTION
(Wabi shebele, Baro river, Awash…)
• Medicinal plants can be defined as the plants that possess therapeutic properties
or exert beneficial pharmacological effect on the human or animal body.
 9.43 RABIT FARMING
• Global rabbit meat imports amounted to 36 thousand tones in 2015, reducing by -10.5% against the previous year level. Overall, the global rabbit meat
imports indicated a pronounced decline from 2007 to 2015. The trend pattern, however, remained consistent, with only minor fluctuations throughout
the analyzed period. The total import volume decreased at an average annual rate of -1.7% over the last eight years.
• The growth pace was the most rapid in 2012, when the output figure increased by +6% from the previous year level. Over the period under review, the
global rabbit meat imports attained its maximum volume of 42 thousand tones in 2007. From 2008 to 2015, the total rabbit meat imports growth failed
to regain its strength.
• In value terms, global rabbit meat imports amounted to $163 million in 2015. Overall, the value of global rabbit meat imports decreased substantially
from 2007 to 2015, curtailing at an average annual rate of -2.3%. This trend pattern, however, indicated relatively mild fluctuations throughout the
analyzed period.
• In addition to their meat, rabbits are used for their wool, fur, and pelts, as well as their nitrogen-rich manure and their high-protein milk. Production
industries have developed domesticated rabbit breeds (such as the well-known Angora rabbit) to efficiently fill these needs.
• Top Rabbit Meat Importing Countries in the World
• 1. Belgium (7K Tonnes) 2. Germany (6K Tonnes) 3. France (4K Tonnes)
• 4. Italy (3K Tonnes) 5. Portugal (3K Tonnes) 6. Netherlands (2K Tonnes)
• 7. Russian Federation (2K Tonnes
• Rabbit manure has four times more nutrients than cow or horse manure and is twice as rich as chicken manure. Cow, horse and chicken manure are
considered “hot” and need to be composted (well-rotted) to use as fertilizers. One of the best things about rabbit manure is it doesn't need to be
composted.
• As well as hay, grass and fresh food, you should give each of your rabbits one tablespoon of nuggets every day (or twice a day if they're over 3.5kg).
• If you raise rabbits, then you know how much poop they create. A single rabbit can generate between 200 and 300 rabbit pellets per day, and one ton of
manure in the course of a year. That's a lot of manure.
MACHINERY
 A. FOOD MACHINERY
• A1- rice milling and polishing, parboiled • A13- pet food production line
• A2- complete flour mill, maize flour • A14- stick ice cream plant
• A3- complete biscuit plant, bread Baguette • A15- chicken cattle slaughting house abattoir
• A4- candy, lollipop, toffee and jelly • A16- rendering plant (feather meal)
machinery • A17- gelatin glycerin or lecithin or refining plant
• A5- juice and drink plant • A18- stevia (sugar) processing plant
• A6- corn and cassava starch, potato starch • A19- edible table salt refining plant
flakes plant
• A20- box ice cream plant
• A6.1- corn maize rice syrup plant
• A21- potato chips, corn snacks, rice cake plant
• A7- mineral water bottling plant • A22- fish meal (powder) plant
• A8- instant noodles plant • A23- chicken maggi sugar cube plant
• A8.1- spaghetti macaroni pasta plant • A24- cashew nut processing plant
• A9- liquid glucose syrup plant • A25 -milk powder yoghourt plant
• A10- complete chocolate plant
• A11- oil extraction and refining plant
• A12- animal feed and fish feed plant
 B. PLASTIC MACHINERY
• B1- plastic pipe extrusion line • B16- plastic barrel (20 -5000 L ) molding
• B2- plastic sheet (board) extrusion line machine
• B3- plastic bag-making line • B17- medical disposable syringes plant
• B18- PE foam sheet extrusion line
• B4- plastic bottle blowing
• B19- PE bubble sheet production line
• B5- plastic injection molding
• B20- PVC medical glove plant US4$ 1.5 million
• B6- packing tape(band)line with waste PET bottles
• B21- car/furniture foam seat injection
• B7- fruit foam net extrusion line • B22- pvc flex banner line
• B8- PE net extrusion line • B23- plastic flower pot machinery
• B9- PVC soft sheet extrusion line • B24- nylon cable pipe tie
• B10- PVC window and door extrusion line • B25-PVC EVA water stopper seals line
• B11- Plastic film blowing line • B26- window rubber seals production line
• B12- PP woven bag line for rice, cement • B27- optical glasses/lens machinery
• B13- plastic cup making line
• B28- condom making plant
• B29- plastic dental floss machine
• B14- plastic recycle plant
• B30- epdm tape line
• B15- Self-adhesive tape making line
 C. SMALL PROFITABLE PROJECTS
• C1-Toilet and Laundry Soap Plant • C11- prefab cold store
• C2- Corrugated Paper-box Line • C12- car battery (Lead acid) plant
• C3- Shoe-making plant idc • C13- LED lights and assembly line
• C4- paper cup machines • C14- Aluminum lunch box production line
• C5- printing machine, A4 paper cutting • C15- glass bottle/ampoule plant
machine • C16- detergent plant
• C6- ice-making & cold storage • C17- face mask plant
• C7- egg tray molding machine • C18- pocket gas lighter filling plant
• C8- toothpaste plant • C19- lithium battery SKD/CKD assembly
• C9- perfume production and filling plant plant project
• C10- flakes ice machine
 THANK YOU
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