BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY

CITY OF MALOLOS, BULACAN

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

FABRICATION OF SEMI-AUTOMATED SHRIMP SKIN GRINDING AND

PELLETIZING MACHINE

Submitted by:

ACIBAR, Wayne Ruskin T.

MATIAS, John Aubrey E.

TIONGSON, Bernadette B.

Submitted to:

Engr. Cyrus Lawrence C. Bual

Instructor
 ABSTRACT

The study aimed to develop a grinding and pelletizing machine wherein the raw material used are

sustainable materials such as shrimp to make pellets for poultry animals. The existing technologies in

pelletizing machine throughout the years are focused on solidifying the raw materials, which makes more

time consuming and expensive since the whole production process of pellets requires grinding of the raw

material into powdered form. To rectify the circumstances, the researchers develop a machine which

integrate two processes: grinding and pelletizing.

In addition, poultry industries seek to have a sustainable source of raw material in making pellets.

The demand for raw materials is high making it insufficient and expensive. Thus, the researchers decided

to utilize sustainable source of protein which is shrimp skin in making pellets as it contains immense number

of benefits to the poultry animals and to make it more convenient and inexpensive.

In order for the researchers to valid the effectiveness of shrimp skin as protein source in making

pellets and accuracy of grinding and pelletizing machine, a series of comparative analysis will be done. The

comparison between shrimp skin and soybean meal as protein source in terms of growth, production of

dairy products, and compactness of the pellet will be determined. Furthermore, the comparison of accuracy,

efficiency and effectiveness between conventional pelletizing machine and the integrated grinding and

pelletizing machine will also be determined.

 CHAPTER 1

The Problem and Its Background

1.1 Introduction

The Philippines is an archipelago country comprising different islands surrounded by water. Those

islands serve as habitats for aquatic animals. Marine species have different behaviors and mechanism in

terms of reproduction. Some are leaving the eggs; separation of body parts such as in fishes, where the

exoskeleton is removed, and shell or skin reduction in crustacean creatures such as crabs and shrimp. With

the large population of animals in marine ecosystems, a large volume of waste is generated throughout the

years [1].

Marine waste can be classified into two parts: waste produced by humans and waste produced by

animals. Waste produced by humans are mainly composed of plastics, cigarettes, beverage bottles, food

wrappers and even vessels. Waste from animals includes shell of crustacean creatures, exoskeleton of bony

fish, and dead animals which produce wide range of negative effects in the marine ecosystem, wildlife, and

human health. The Government seek to mitigate the hazardous effects of marine pollution by effective

enforcement of best practices that must be done in the aquatic vicinity [2]. One of the best practices is the

prevention of waste generation and exploiting the waste to be a beneficial product – in economical way [3].

One of the marine wastes that could give benefits to the other sectors is shrimp skin. Shrimp skin

is a part rich in lean protein, healthy fats and minerals. Consumption of shrimp shell can boost immunity,

improve holistic health, and enhance immunity [4]. For poultry animals, shrimp skin contains protein that

could help animals for their growth, egg production, and immunity. The presence of astaxanthin in shrimp

skin can serve as substitute in improving the egg yolk color instead of using synthetic pigmenting agents

[5]. The addition of shrimp skin in poultry diet gives significant impact in economical way. Instead of using

soybean meal as a protein source, shrimp skin can give the same benefit but no cost since it is considered
waste. Sustainable source of protein can be added in making pellets for poultry animals as its explicit

importance in nutrition and valorization.

The process of making pellets includes the selection of materials, grinding of raw materials,

pelletizing and cooling. Most of poultry industry utilize different machines for the whole process: the

grinding machine and pelletizing machine. The utilization of various machine imposes negative impacts in

poultry industry in terms of cost-effectivity and time efficacy. As a result, the idea of innovation and

automation is the best way to solve the problem.

Innovation is the technology of the present world. Innovating the process of feed making by

combining two core process in one machine: the grinding and pelletizing, will increase the efficiency and

effectiveness of the whole production. It also reduces human efforts by decreasing the workload of every

worker. Automation increases the production time of any product such as poultry feeds. The poultry

industry explicit part-by-part process principle which requires a lot of time and workers. With this scenario,

innovating the whole process by fabricating a machine with two mechanisms could solve the problem.

The researchers seek to conduct this study to fabricate a semi-automated shrimp skin grinding and

pelletizing machine to maximize the full potential of decreasing the production time and optimizing the

utilization of sustainable raw materials. Furthermore, this will be beneficial to the rising world of

technological advancement, automation, and valorization. The researchers seek to optimize the full

potential of waste materials to produce benefits in different sectors.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Sustainable materials are one of the considered emerging factors in order for the industry to attain

the effectiveness and efficiency of their product. The search for sustainable materials can be done through

valorization of waste materials like shrimp skin. Most of the time, shrimp skin perceived to be waste and

pollutant in different ecosystem. Despite of hazardous effect of shrimp skins, it contains different vitamins

and minerals. The extraction of different vitamins like protein and calcium from shrimp skin can beneficial
to the other sector like poultry industries. The research aims to utilize shrimp skin as a source of protein for

making pellets or feeds.

In the world of pelletizing industry, most of the machines that had been produced throughout the

years are solidifying-focused machines. Since the raw material that are needed to produce pellets or feeds

are in the mesh form or grinded form, the process of pelletizing is usually costly and time consuming as it

requires two machine to finish the whole process. In response to this circumstance, the research aims to

fabricate a shrimp skin grinding and pelletizing machine that will efficiently operate and process the

product. This machine seeks to optimize the time spent in pelletizing the raw materials and to be cost-

effective as it only uses one motor for the two machines. The maximum capacity of the machine to produce

large quantity of pellets will be determined. The effectiveness of shrimp skin as a protein source for making

pellets will also be determined. These factors will serve as a potential solution to the emerging problem.

1.3 Objectives

General Objective

The general objective of this study is to fabricate a semi-automated shrimp skin grinding and

pelletizing machine.

Specific Objectives

• Conceptualize and develop a 3D design of the grinding and pelletizing machine using computer-

aided design software, which comprises the part design, machine assembly design, application of

the materials, and the FEA analysis to determine if the materials used could handle different stresses

and deformations.

• Assess the quality of shrimp skin as protein and calcium source by examining the overall health of

poultry animals

• Assess the quality and texture of the pellets compared to pre-existing pelletizing machine
 • Observe and compare the overall performance and efficiency of the shrimp skin grinding and

pelletizing machine

1.4 Significance of the Study

This study will analyze and answer the problem by fabricating a semi-automated shrimp skin

grinding and pelletizing machine consisting of a grinding machine and pelletizing machine combined in

one machine frame. Moreover, the results of the study will be beneficial to the following:

To the Students.

At the end of this study, students will gain new knowledge and understanding

about the benefits of utilizing sustainable materials like shrimp skin as protein source in

making feeds for poultry animals. In addition, students will be able to understand how

Shrimp Skin Grinding and Pelletizing machine works.

To the Future Researchers.

The findings of the study will serve as reference material and a guide for

researchers who wish to conduct the same developing study or any related to the

Fabrication of a Semi-automated Shrimp Skin Grinding and Pelletizing Machine.

Moreover, the importance of valorization of different waste materials to make economical

profit will be a consideration for the researchers in their future study. This study will also

guide and motivate them to strive even harder to have a detailed understanding of the study.

To the Machine Operators.

This study is beneficial to the machine operators since it will reduce the workforce

to be exerted and achieve maximum productivity and efficiency in grinding the raw

materials up to making the pellets.

 To the Manufacturing Industry.

The findings of this study will be beneficial to them through gaining new

knowledge to improve manufacturing machines and considering the optimum utilization

of raw materials by valorization of wastes to improve efficiency of the production.

Moreover, the study will be beneficial through gaining new insight in using shrimp skin as

a protein source in making feeds.

To the Poultry Industry.

This study is beneficial to the poultry industry through gaining new insight on

using shrimp skin as protein source in their pellets and exploring new source of raw

material from valorization of wastes. Moreover, the production will be more effective in

terms of optimum utilization of raw materials, cost effective, efficiency, and efficacy.

To the Marine Waste Management Authority

At the end of this study, marine researchers will be able to understand how to

mitigate the harmful effect of waste by valorization of waste coming from aquatic

ecosystem.

To the Poultry Dieticians

This study is beneficial to the poultry dieticians through gaining understanding on

the effect of shrimp skin as protein source to the holistic health of poultry animals.

1.5 Scope and Delimitation

This study would only use publicly available data from legitimate websites, journal publications,

conference proceedings papers, patents, newsletters, magazines and scholarly published articles.
 This study would be delimited to the fabrication of semi-automated shrimp skin grinding and

pelletizing machine and a container for the finished product. The grinded shrimp skin will serve as the

substitute primary source of protein for the finished pellets. Moreover, the machine consists of two different

machines: grinding machine and pelletizing machine, which empowered by one electrical motor. The

grinding machine is not only limited for the purpose of grinding the shrimp skin, it also applicable to the

grinding of different raw materials such as corn, wheats, and other solid raw material. The finished product

from the pelletizing machine is classified into three parts based on their size: 2 mm for fish and bird; 4 mm

for chicken broiler; and 6 mm for cow, cattle, goat, and pig.
 Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

2.1 Shrimp Skins’ Benefits to the Poultry World

Marine wastes which include Shrimp skin often tend to produce major problems by polluting the

ecosystem. With technological advancement and research, marine waste is seen to be beneficial in different

industries. Shrimp Skin provides many benefits by having different vitamins and minerals, which includes

the benefit to the poultry world throughout the years. It is a great source of protein and calcium which is

essential for poultry growth and vital for eggshell formation. It is not a common practice to use shrimp skin

in poultry feed, it could serve as the substitute protein source and can be added to the raw materials of

making poultry pellets. With this scenario, sustainable and efficient protein source will arise in the world

of poultry and the magnitude of pollution in marine ecosystems will be lessened. In this chapter, the

researcher will present the optimum utilization of shrimp skin benefits in different industries.

Table 1. Existing Shrimp skin benefits and effects to the agricultural industry

REFERENCE HIGHLIGHTS BENEFITS TO THE CONFIGURATION

POULTRY

ANIMALS

• Chitosan is a sugar • Chitin • Agriculture

that comes from the • Pharmaceutical

outer skeleton of

shellfish, Chitosan is

used in medicine,

pharmaceuticals,
 Miron, Andrea; Sarbu, cosmetics,

Andrei; Zaharia, Anamaria; agriculture, water

Sandu, Teodor; Lovu, Horia; treatment, and food

Fierascu, Radu Claudiu; due to its superior

Neagu, Ana Lorena; Chiriac, biocompatibility and

Anita Laura; Iordache, Tanta biodegradability.

Verona, "A Top-Down Nevertheless, the

Procedure for Synthesizing complex and

Calcium Carbonated- relatively expensive

Enriched Chitosan from extraction costs

Shrimp Shell Wastes," hamper its

Multidisciplinary Digital exploitation and,

Publishing Institute, pp. 1-16, implicitly, the

2022. recycling of marine

waste, the most

abundant source of

chitosan.

G. M. Mathew, D. C. Mathew, K. S. •Rajeev,

The R.utilization of • Protein • Fish

these
Sindhu, C.-C. Huang, P. Binod, R. Sirohi, S.-H. Kimshellfish such
as prawn/shrimp has
and P. Ashok, "Sustainable and eco-friendly
opened a new market
strategies for shrimp shell valorization," Elsevier,
for the utilization of
vol. 267, pp. 1-75, 2020.
the shellfish wastes.

Considering the

trends on the
 production of wealth

from wastes, shrimp

shell wastes seem an

important resource

for the generation of

high value products

when processed on

the principles of a

biorefinery.

• The problem of • Fiber • Fish

I. J. Mena, E. G. Junceda and J. fisheries waste has

Revuelta, "From the problem to increased in recent

the solution: Chitosan years and has

valorization cycle," Elsevier, vol. become a global

309, pp. 1-15, 2023. problem influenced

by various

biological, technical,

operational and

socioeconomic

factors. In this

context, the use of

these residues as raw

materials is a proven

approach not only to

reduce the crisis of

 unprecedented

magnitude facing the

oceans, but also to

improve the

management of

marine resources and

increase the

competitiveness of

the fisheries sector.

Chitosan,

a biopolymer extract

ed from shellfish

waste, is a clear

example of this

because although

countless chitosan-

based products have

been described for a

wide variety of

applications,

commercial products

are still limited.

• The aquaculture • Fiber • Pig

B. Mishra, Y. K. Mohanta, C. N. industry generates • Nutrients • Cow

Reddy, S. D. M. Reddy, S. K. much biowaste, • Minerals • Chicken

Mandal, R. Yadavalli and H. which might be used • Vitamins

Sarma, "Valorization of agro- as a source of raw

industrial biowaste to materials to make

biomaterials: An innovative things like chitin and

circular bioeconomy approach," chitosan, which have

Elsevier, pp. 1-14, 2023. commercial uses.

Multiple studies

have demonstrated

the efficacy of

bacterial proteases in

deproteinizationdenz

ymatic - enzymatic

deproteinization of

mineralized shrimp

waste results in

chitin and a protein

hydrolysate rich in

nutrients.
 • Carotenoprotein, a • Skin Pigmentation • Chicken

S. S. Pattanaik, P. B. Sawant, M. complex • Protein • Duck

Xavier, P. P. Srivastava, K. Dube, of carotenoids and • Pig

B. Sawant and C. N.K, "Dietary protein, extracted • Cow

carotenoprotien extracted from from shrimp shell

shrimp shell waste augments waste can be an

growth, feed utilization, physio- effective source of

metabolic responses and carotenoid as well as

colouration in Oscar, Astronotus antioxidant in fish

ocellatus," Elsevier, vol. 534, diets. Carotenoids

2021 play a critical role for

the pigmentation of

egg yolk, skin, legs,

beak, comb, feather

and fat. Birds

consumed carotenoid

deficient diet

resulting hues of their

egg yolk or pale

coloured skin.

Therefore, uniform

pigmentation

generally indicates

the health status and

 quality of the poultry

products.

• the seafood industry • Skin Pigment • Seafood

M. Nag, D. Lahiri, A. Dey, T. is found to produce • Amino Acids

Sarkar, S. Pati, S. Joshi, H. large volumes of • Lipids

Bunawan, A. Mohammed, H. A. waste products

Edinur, S. Ghosh and R. R. Ray, comprising shrimp

"Seafood Discards: A Potent shells, fish bones,

Source of Enzymes and fins, skins, intestines,

Biomacromolecules With and carcasses, along

Nutrional and Nutraceutical with the voluminous

Significance," frontiers, p. 16, quantity of

2022. wastewater effluents.

These seafood

industry effluents

contain large

quantities of lipids,
 amino acids, proteins,

polyunsaturated fatty

acids, minerals, and

carotenoids mixed

with the garbage.

Hence, the problem of

such seafood industry

run-offs needs to be

immediately managed

with a commercial

outlook.

• Seafood by-products, • Antioxidant • Fish

M. Mutalipassi, R. Esposito, N. produced by a range • Collagen

Ruocco, T. Viel, M. Costantini of different • Protein

and V. Zupo, "Bioactive organisms, such as • Calcium

Compounds of Nutraceutical fishes, shellfishes, • Amino Acids

Value from Fishery and squids, and bivalves, • Fiber
Aquaculture Discards," are usually discarded

Multidisciplinary Digital as wastes, despite

Publishing Institute, p. 22, 2021. their possible use for

innovative

formulations of

functional foods. By-

products obtained

from marine sources

 may supply bioactive

molecules, such as

collagen, peptides,

polyunsaturated fatty

acids, antioxidant

compounds, and

chitin, as well as

catalysts in biodiesel

synthesis.

• A high-quality • Protein • Chicken

A. Abun, T. Widjastuti and K.
diet during the
Haetami, "Effect of fermented
growth period is
shrimp shell supplementation of
necessary to
low protein diet on the
support poultry
performance of Indonesian native
performance.
chicken," Google Scholar, vol.
Shrimp shell
50, no. 1, p. 8, 2022.
fermentation

with Bacillus

licheniformis, Lac

tobacillus sp.,

and Saccharomyc

es

cerevisiae (SSFB

LS) can improve

 the quality of low

protein diet in

Indonesian native

chickens. Chitin

protein material

from

microbiologically

engineered

shrimp waste can

be transformed

into a high-quality

feed source used

in low-protein diet

formulas.

• One of the ingredients • Minerals • Chicken

A. Abun, R. Maulana, K. that can be used as • Astaxanthin • Duck

Haetami and D. Saefulhadjar, feed supplements in • Pig

"Effect of adding fermented poultry rations is • Cow

shrimp waste extract in ration on fermented shrimp

metabolizable energy and waste extract. Shrimp

nitrogen retention in laying waste contains protein

hens," World Journal of and minerals as well

Advanced Research and Reviews, as astaxanthin which

p. 9, 2023. illustrates the

potential to be used as
 a feed affix in poultry

rations.

• Waste product from • Protein • Chicken

D. Rosenfeld, G. Gernat, D. the shrimp processing

Marcano, G. Murillo, H. Lopez plants has the

and J. Flores, "The Effect of potential of being an

Using Different Levels of Shrimp alternative protein

Meal in Broiler Diets," source in broiler

ScienceDirect, vol. 76, no. 4, p. 7, rations, partially or

1997. totally replacing

conventional protein

sources

• Bioconversion • Protein • Chicken

A. Abun, D. Rusmana, T. product of shrimp • Metabolic Energy

Widjastuti and K. Haetami, waste

"PrebioticsBLSfrom withBLSmicrobes

encapsulated of extract of shrimp (Bacillus

waste bioconversion on licheniformis,

feedsupplement quality and its Lactobacillusspp.

implication of metabolizable andSaccharomyces

energy and digestibility cerevisiae) holds

atIndonesian local chicken," digestive proteases

Journal of Applied Animal with a great potential

Research, vol. 49, no. 1, p. 9, to be used as

2021. prebiotics fornative

chicken. The specialty

of shrimp waste is that

it has good nutritional

content, especially

protein. It is necessary

to find alternative

protein sources as an

effective protein

supplement from

waste materials, one

of which is shrimp

waste.

L. Gasco, G. Acuti, P. Bani, A. • The protein shortage • Antioxidant • Fish

Dalle Zotte, P. P. Danieli, A. De is a global matter of • Protein

Angelis, R. Fortina, R. Marino, P. concern and extensive • Amino Acid

Giuliana, G. Piccolo, L. Pinotti, research to find new • Skin Pigmentation

sustainable protein
A. Prandini, A. Schiavone and G. sources is ongoing. In

Terova, "Insect and fish by- hydrolysates obtained

products as sustainable," Italian from shrimp shell

Journal of Animal Science, vol. discard, significant

19, p. 14, 2020. antioxidant activity

was found, showing

their potential

application in

aquafeeds

• The main problem in • Protein • Chicken

A. Abun, K. Haetami and T. making chicken feed • Minerals

Widjastuti, "The effect of feed is protein source feed • Abdominal Fat

containing fermented shrimp ingredients, such as

waste on the conversion of relatively expensive

protein,," World Journal of fish meal, causing

Biology Pharmacy and Health high prices for

Sciences, p. 8, 2021. chicken feed. To

overcome these

problems, alternative

protein sources are

needed with high

protein content at

relatively low prices

and are available,

such as shrimp waste.

 • Feed cost is one of the • Protein • Quails

J. Fileto, E. Freitas, R. main factors that • Skin Pigment

Nepomuceno, T. Gomes, V. impact poultry • Improve Yolk
Silva, E. dos Santos, O. de Souza, production, basically Color
G. Watanabe and P. J. de due to the dependence • Fiber
Oliveira, "Nutritional evaluation on the use of

of shrimp waste and its," conventional

Research Square, 2022. ingredients (corn and

soybean meal) and the

constant variation of

their prices. The

possibility of

including shrimp

waste in poultry feed

may result in the

reduction of the

dependence on the

use of soybean meal,

which is the main

source of protein.

Moreover, the

presence of

astaxanthin in shrimp

waste is an attribute

that makes it very

 attractive for use in

poultry farming, since

this substance has

high pigment power

• Shrimp waste meal • Protein • Pigs

S. Thilagar, M. Babu, R. has long been used as • Improved Growth
Jayaprakash, G. Ramesh, P. Roy, source of marine Performance
C. Ramani, V. Leela, H. Gopi, B. protein in fish feeds. • Improve immune
Dhanalakshmi and H. Gopi, Chitosan, a stimulatory
Indian Journal of Veterinary and component of properties
Animal Sciences Research, p. exoskeleton of shrimp • Antioxidant
103, 2015. is characterized by • Antimicrobial
antimicrobial,

antioxidative and

immune stimulatory

properties when fed

as dietary additive for

farm animals.

2.2 Grinding and Pelletizing Technologies

Pelletizing Machines have seen many technologies throughout the years. The whole process of

making pellets requires grinding the raw material into powdered form before solidifying it. Hence, the

availability of machines equipped to do the process is limited. The innovation of having the grinding

function in pelletizing machines is required to meet the demands of different industries to improve their

effectiveness, efficiency, and accuracy.

 Table 2. Existing Grinding and Pelletizing Technology

REFERENCE HIGHLIGHTS TYPE OF PELLETS CONFIGURATION

BEING PRODUCED

• The screw type • Kenaf • The screw type

A. Aremu, A. Kadiri and C. pelletizer operates pelletizer is to

Ogunlade, "Development and based on the be used along

testing of screw type kenaf principle of with a plate mill

(Hibiscus cannabinus) pelletizing extrusion achieved that will reduce

machine," Journal of by forcing a large decorticated

Agricultural Technology, vol. 10, quantity of materials stems into

p. 13, 2014. through smaller smaller sizes

holes, in the process that can be

yielding shape of the extruded thus

orifice the material is pelletizer will

forced through. The use the same

machine was power source

designed to powered for the grinder.

by a 5 HP electric

motor with the

grinder running at a

speed of 720rpm and

the pelletizer at a

speed of 72rpm, the

performance of the

machine was highly

 satisfactory, the

machine reduces

stress and time lost in

manually moulding

pellets and enhances

handling of Kenaf

fibre to be utilized in

environmental

remediation of oil

spilled water bodies.

M. Aloria, M. Casanova and C. • The major • Sugarcane • The grinding

Madlangbayan, "Development components include Bagasse blades made up

and Performance Evaluation of," the grinding blades, of stainless

Asia Pacific Journal of grinding discs, steel are both

Multidisciplinary Research, vol. agitator, rollers, rotating and

5, p. 6, 2017. pelletizing die, stationary. The

feeder, motor, grinding discs

gearbox and variable are used to

frequency drive. reduce the raw

materials into

finer sizes

suitable for

pelletizing

process.
• The rollers are

made up of

stainless steel

cylinder

designed to

press the

bagasse

mixture into the

holes of the

pelletizing die.

Further, the

pelletizing die

has a diameter

of 200 mm,

plate thickness

of 19 mm and

composed of

number of 5-

mm diameter

holes. The main

function of the

pelletizing die

is to support the

rollers from

rotating while
 molding the

pellets through

its holes.

• The important • Fish Feed • Pelleting

P. Okolie, I. Chukwijike, J. components of the chamber with

Chukwuneke and J. Dara, pelleting machine pulley and belt

"Design and production of a fish are the hopper where system

feed pelletizing machine," the feed meal is fed

Elsevier, p. 7, 2019. into the machine and

the pelleting

chamber in the form

of worm auger or

screw shaft which is

seen to propel the

feed. The shaft is

operated by pulley

and belt system that

is powered by an

electric motor. The

output pellet is

produced by

compacting and

forcing through a die

opening via a

mechanical process
 • Pellet production is a • Feed Pellet • Tub Grinder

A. Sultana, A. Kumar and D. combination of and Hammer

Harfield, "Development of agri- sequential steps Mill

pellet production cost and including

optimum size," Elsevier, p. 13, preprocessing,

2010. drying, grinding,

pelleting, cooling,

screening, and

bagging. These

processes play an

important role in the

techno-economic

analysis. Particle

size reduction for

pelletization is a

two-step process:

chopping by tub

grinder or shredder

and then grinding by

a hammer mill.

• A wood pelletizing • Wood Pellets • Rolling of Flat

T. Mushiri, P. Mugodo and C. machine grinds Die and Rollers

Mbohwa, "Design of a sawdust wood and sawdust in high pressure

pelleting machine," p. 14, 2017. into small fragments and

moisturizes and temperature

 compresses it under

very high pressure

and temperature. The

material is then

forced through dies

of the desired

dimensions resulting

in pellets.

• The integrated fish • Fish Feed Pellet • Grinding and

C. Kadurumba and J. Igbo, feed machine Pelletizing

"Performance Evaluation of an consists of three machine

Innovative Fish Feed Mill distinct units; the- integrated in

Machine," Nigerian Agricultural grinding, pelleting one frame run

Journal, vol. 51, no. 3, p. 6, 2020. drying units. It is by one motor

powered by one

electric motor of

3HP rating. The

Grinding unit

consists of the

hopper which

receives the raw

materials, conveyor

shaft, grinding teeth.

• The pelleting unit

consists of a big
 press screw and its

housing, die plates,

knife, pulleys and

bearings

• The biomass pellets • Fuel Pellets • Grinding and

W. Wattana, N. Montri, M. were produced by Pelletizing

Wongjanakul, Y. Naratta and S. using the grinding Machine in one

Duangjinda, "Influence of and pelleting frame with a

blending proportions of Teak machine. The mixed screen divider

Sawdust and Cajuput leaves on raw materials were and run by two

characteristics of biomass reduced to smaller motors.

pellets," p. 8, 2020. sizes in the grinding

section and passed

the screen through

the pelletizer part

that the grinding of

raw materials were

forced past the die by

roller to form the

cylindrical pellet.

• There is direct • Broiler Chicken • Grinding and

R. Hamilton and F. Proudfoot, proportional Pellet Pelletizing

"Ingredient particle size and feed relationship between through

texture: effects on the the grinding rate and hammer mill

pelletizing rate. and roller mill

performance of broiler chickens," More grinded

Elsevier, p. 8, 2017. material into

powdered form will

result to more

compact and higher

size of pellets.

• Due to advancement • Cassava Pellet • Grinding

N. Collins, L. Abayomi, G. in technology, Machine

Solomon, Y. Rasheed and A. grinding machines consists of

Kolawole, "Performance were developed for hopper,

Evaluation of Cassava Pelleting grinding of cereals extrusion

Machine Powered by Diesel and grain with the barrel,

Engine," researchgate, p. 4, mixture of other crankarm, and

2017. nutrients into compression

powder form. With plate.

time, it was Pelletizing

discovered that machine

animals preferred consists of flat

feeding on solid and die, pulley, and

soft nutritious meals. sprout. The two

One of the devices machine are

that can produce this integrated in

requirement is called one machine

a pelletizing frame powered

machine.
 by diesel engine

motor.

• Pelletized processes • Biomass Pellets • A Pellet Mill

R. A. Renjani and D. Wulandani, consist of three consists of

"Pellet Mill Fixed Dies Type for major unit roller, cutting

Production of Solid Fuel Pellets operations, i.e. knife, and fixed

from Acacia mangium Bark," drying, size dies with

IOP Conference Series: Material reduction (grinding), grinding

Science and Engineering, p. 9, and densification. function

2019. The purpose of this powered by one

study was to design a electrical

prototype pellet mill motor.

integrated size

reduction that

encompasses size

reduction as well as

extrusion using the

fixed dies type

pelletizing method,

and fabricated using

locally available

construction

materials.

• Die and roller disk • Co-compost • A Pelletizing

pelletizer has a pellet machine consist

L. Hettiarachchi, N. Jayathilake, grinding effect and of die and roller

S. Fernando and S. hence additional step with grinding

Gunawardena, "Effects of of grinding is not function

compost particle size, moisture required giving powered by one

content and binding agents on co- advantages in motor.

compost pellet properties," commercialization.

International Journal of

Agriculture and Engineering , p.

8, 2019.

• Production of • Torrefied • A rotating bed

N. Homdoung, K. Sasujit, T. torrefied biomass Biomass Pellets thermal reactor

Wongsiriamnuay and N. pellets also required connected to

Tippayawong, "Production of coarse grinding, fine the grinding

torrefied biomass pellets in grinding, and and pelletizing

rotating bed thermal reactor," pelleting machine

AIP Conference Procedings, p. 8,

2022.

• Since the raw • Biomass Pellets • Grinding

B. Zezelj and T. Todorovic, material has been • Wood Pellets machine (wet

"Efficient pellet plant for various debarked, it switches grinding),

types of biomass," XVII to the process of drying machine

International Scientific preparing the cutter - and pelleting

Conference on Industrial wood (wood chips) machine

Systems, p. 6, 2017. with a mill for wet connected to

grinding. After the one another

 crushing of raw powered by

materials and wet biomass-

grinding, the inspired engine.

material goes further

to the drying line,

where output

moisture content is

from 10-12%. The

dried material goes

after drying into a

process of fine, dry

grinding, where all

the granulation is on

output below 4 mm,

and then the material

is ready for the

pelleting process.

• The main objectives • Rabbit Pellets • A Pelleting

A. El-Sheikha, M. Al-Rajhi and of this research are to machine consist

H. Amer, "Manufacture and fabricate a machine of grinding and

Evaluation of an Alternative for producing a mixing

Feeds Production Machine," special feed with an machine run by

Journal of Soil Sciences and easy operating a 3 Hp motor in

Agricultural Engineering, vol. system, that is one frame.

11, no. 12, p. 8, 2020. suitable for small

 breeders, with low

operating costs and

high productivity, as

well as substitution

of barley grains in

the feed components

by sprouted barley in

order to reduce costs

and to increase

amount of green feed

and percentage of

protein. The

fabricated machine

consisted of four

main units; power

and power

transmission unit;

chopping unit;

mixing unit and

pelletizing unit.

• For diet ingredients, • Pig Pellets • A grinding

F. Lyu, M. Thomas, W. Hendriks the energy input and machine

and A. van der Poel, "Size the extent of particle consists of

reduction in feed technology and size reduction are hammer mill,

methods for determining, important factors in roller mills, and

expressing, and predicting feed manufacturing multricracker

particle size: A review," Animal practices. Reducing device

Feed Science and Technology, p. particle size of connected to

20, 2020. ingredients can bring pelletizing

many benefits for machine.

feed processing and

animals. According

to Goodband et al.

(2002), decreasing

particle size of raw

materials can

improve mixing

characteristics by

reducing segregation

with other

ingredients in the

mixture, and

improve the

pelleting capacity as

well as the pellet

quality. In addition,

grinding increases

the available surface

area for the digestive

enzymes to interact.
2.3 Summary

The table below shows the summary of related literatures and study of the benefits of the shrimp

shell in different industries and existing grinding and pelletizing technologies. It also provides a

summarization of references based on their classification, benefits, and target consumer.

Table 3. Summary of Review of Related Literature in the benefits of shrimp skin

Benefits of Shrimp Skin

Classification of Target Industry

Poultry Animals Aquatic Animals Pharmaceutical

[2] [5] [7] [8] ✔ ✔ ✔

Protein [10] [11] [12]

[13] [14] [15]

[6] [7] [11] [12] ✔ ✔

Vitamins [14] [15]

[4] [5] [9] [13] ✔ ✔

Minerals [14] [15]

[7] [12] [15]

Antioxidants
✔ ✔ ✔
Antimicrobial

[4] [7] ✔ ✔
Calcium
 [1] [3] [4] [7] ✔ ✔ ✔
Fiber [14]

What kind of pellet being produced?

Poultry Animal Pellets [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15]

Fish Pellets [1] [2] [3] [5] [6] [7] [8] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14]

Table 4. Summary of Review of Related Literature of existing grinding and pelletizing technologies

Classification of the

Grinding and Pelletizing Features and Function of Grinding and Pelletizing Machine

machine

Cost - Reduce

Accurate Efficient Compactness Effective Production

Time

Has a motor [16] [17] [18] ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

for the [19] [20] [21]

whole [23] [24] [25]

[26] [28] [29]

process

Has two [22] [27] [30] ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

Motors for
 the whole

process

Have two [16] [17] [18] ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

main parts [20] [22] [23]

of process: [24] [26] [30]

Grinding

and

Pelletizing

Have two or [19] [21] [25]

more [27] [28] [29]

✔ ✔ ✔
process:

grinding,

mixing,

pelletizing,

drying etc.

What kind of pellet being produced?

Poultry Animal Pellets [16] [17] [18] [19] [21] [23] [29] [30]

Biomass Pellets [20] [22] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28]

2.4 Conceptual Framework

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study

The study's concept starts with seeking a solution to the study’s research problem. After that,

looking for related literature and studies was done to find supporting evidence for the problem. Using

previous studies, related theories were formed that may help to support the claim of the effectiveness of

shrimp skin as a protein source in making pellets. The primary motivation to conduct the study came from

research gaps in sustainability and innovation. A sustainable material like shrimp skin, considered waste,

can be a beneficial element or material in making pellets; a machine with two mechanisms could help the

industry through efficiency and cost-friendliness. Thus, the design conceptualization was done based on
gathered gaps from existing literature. Then, machine designing was done based on the result of

conceptualization to visualize the machine. After that, combining two mechanisms or machine integration

was done to visualize and seek gaps from the previous process. The design of the semi-automated grinding

and pelletizing machine was synthesized, which will undergo a series of product tests. The testing of the

final output is divided into two parts: machine and pellets. Pellets will be tested on the poultry animals and

observe their performance and growth changes. The machine will be tested for its accuracy, effectiveness,

and efficiency.

2.4.1 Identifying Research Problem

Existing pelletizing machines used by different industries need a grinding machine, which can

result in time consumption and decreased labor costs. Grinding is an essential process in making pellets;

the whole process will take so much time that it may affect the efficiency of the whole production and

consume a lot of money. In line with this, the researchers seek to create a grinding and pelletizing machine

that will grind the raw materials effectively and pelletize the materials efficiently while ensuring the limited

time consumption and effectiveness of the final output.

In addition, most of the raw materials in making pellets are expensive and limited. In line with this,

using sustainable materials such as shrimp skin as primary raw material in making pellets is essential for

industries to increase their production efficiency.

2.4.2 Related Literature Exploration

Exploration and analysis of related literature is for the study to identify supporting evidences,

theories, concepts, and principles. The purpose is to obtain a basic sense of the scope of the study research

area. The related literature and studies will able to establish the insight, knowledge, and understanding of

the researchers to develop and design the shrimp skin grinding and pelletizing machine.
2.4.3 Shrimp Skin as protein source in making pellets

The traditional protein source for making pellets is soybean meal. Hence, the competition for

sufficient supply of soybean meal utilized by poultry industries is vigorous. A sustainable material such as

shrimp skin and considered as waste can be a protein source in making pellets.

The process of making shrimp skin into pellets begins by grinding it into powdered form. The

standard procedure is mixing the protein source to other materials before entering the pelletizing process.

Shrimp skin contains different vitamins and minerals such as protein, calcium, antioxidants, and fiber that

can help to enhance the growth, egg reproduction, skin pigmentation, and immune system of the animals.

Figure 2. Shrimp Skin’s grinded form as protein source of making pellets

2.4.4 Grinding and Pelletizing Machine

Traditional Pelletizing Machine involves solidifying the raw materials to produce feed pellets. It is

time consuming and expensive since it requires two processes: grinding the raw material and pelletizing.

The fabrication of shrimp skin grinding and pelletizing machine can reduce the time and cost of the whole

production. The integration of two process into one machine powered by one motor can ensure the accuracy,

efficiency and effectiveness of the pelletizing process.

 Figure 3. Existing grinding and pelletizing machine

2.4.5 Machine Designing

The shrimp skin grinding and pelletizing machine were designed and developed through gathered

supporting evidence from related literature and studies. The researchers developed and fabricated the

machine by adding a grinding function by integrating the grinding machine into existing pelletizing

technologies. The added grinding function will grind the raw materials until they become powdered to

ensure the process's accuracy and effectiveness. The shrimp skin grinding and pelletizing machine was

designed to be versatile and flexible, which can be used in different agricultural industries and poultry

farms.
2.4.6 Machine Integration

Sustainability

Continuous
Adjustable
Process
Pelletizing
Ability

Semi-Automated
Shrimp Skin Grinding
and Pelletizing Adjustable
Energy Machine
Efficient
Grinding
Ability

Large Small
Scale Scale
Capacity Capacity

The design and development of shrimp skin grinding and pelletizing machine were made possible

through gathered supporting shreds of evidence from related literature and studies. The researchers aim to

integrate beneficial features and principles into the existing pelletizing technologies. The effectiveness and

efficiency of the product are based on how features and functions of a grinding and pelletizing machine

integrate into one machine frame: (1) sustainability; (2) adjustable pelletizing ability; (3) adjustable

grinding ability; (4) small scale capability; (5) large scale capability; (6) energy efficient; (7) continuous

process.

2.4.7 Product Testing

The proposed shrimp skin grinding and pelletizing machine design will be valid through

experimentation and application to the desired beneficiaries. The experimentation and Validation are

divided into two parts: the effectiveness of pellets in poultry animals and the ability of the machine to

produce the intended product. For the effectiveness of pellets it will be given to poultry animals to examine
if there will be a significant effect on their performance and growth. For the machine, it will undergo series

of testing to determine the maximum capacity to produce effective and efficient pellets and how long the

time is spent in the whole procedure. The shrimp skin grinding and pelletizing machine will undergo

different assessments and evaluations to determine its overall performance.

2.4.7.1 Pellet Testing

The final product, composed of sustainable materials such as shrimp skin, will be valid through

application to the poultry animals. The overall performance of the poultry animals in terms of growth,

capability to lay healthy eggs, reproduction ability, and holistic health will be examined. For animals that

produce dairy products such as milk, the milk will be examined based on how shrimp skin affects the

benefits of milk. The said benefits will be checked to see if they satisfy the use of the machine. After testing,

the machine's overall design will be analyzed to determine if the functions align with the study's objective.

2.4.7.2 Machine Testing

The grinding and pelletizing machine will be valid through a series of tests to ensure its

effectiveness and accuracy. The grinding machine will be tested based on its ability to grind the raw

materials precisely to its intended outcome. The pelletizing machine will be tested based on its ability to

produce different sizes of pellets and its compactness. The overall machine will be tested based on

production time, accuracy, and efficiency. The said benefits will be checked to see if they satisfy the use of

the machine. After testing, the machine's overall design will be analyzed to determine if the functions align

with the study's objective.

2.5 Hypothesis

What are the advantages of shrimp skin as protein source in making pellets?
 H1: Using shrimp skin as protein source in making pellets reduces the money and time spent in the

whole production; and can have significant effect in the overall health of poultry animals compared to

conventional protein source.

H0: Using shrimp skin as protein source in making pellets will not affect the money and time spent

in the whole production; and does not have significant effect in the overall health of poultry animals

compared to conventional protein source.

What are the advantages of grinding and pelletizing machine?

H1: Using grinding and pelletizing machine to make pellets reduces manpower, energy

consumption, money and time required in finishing the whole production.

H0: Using grinding and pelletizing machine to make pellets will not affect the manpower, energy

consumption, money and time required in finishing the whole production.

2.6 Definition of Terms

To avoid confusion and misinterpretation, the following key terminologies below were

defined conceptually and operationally:

Accuracy - The study used the word accuracy as the level of perfection of every product produce

by technological advancement.

Adjustable Grinding Ability – The study used the word adjustable grinding ability as a feature of

machine to ensure the precision of the desired outcome

Adjustable Pelletizing Ability – The study used the word adjustable pelletizing ability as a feature

of machine to have flexibility in choosing the desired sizes of pellets.

Astaxanthin – The study used the word astaxanthin as a by-product of shrimp skin that can help

poultry animals to improve their ability to lay healthy eggs.

Automation – The study used the word automation as the coping factor in advancing technology,

meaning that all industry actions are done automatically.

Continuous Process – The study used the word continuous process as the ability of the machine

to finish the whole production of pellet without any obstruction

Cost-Effective – The study used the word cost reduction as the product of technological

advancement on machines in a way of minimizing the cost of the product.

Effectiveness – The study used the word effectiveness as the benefit of new machines produce by

the new technology

Efficiency – The study used the word efficiency as the state of avoiding waste materials produced

by the new technology.

Energy Efficient – The study used the word energy efficient as the machine's ability to finish

product while consuming small amount of electricity.

Fabrication – The study used the word fabrication to show the creation of new product

Holistic Health – The study used the word holistic health as the poultry animals’ component that

shrimp skin can enhance.

Innovation – The study used the word innovation as the product of technological advancement

which means to enhance the actions and mechanisms of product or machine.

Large Scale Capacity – The study used the word large scale capacity as the ability of the machine

to produce huge quantity of product in short span of time.

Lean Protein – The study used the word lean protein as the by-product of shrimp skin that could

be added in making pellets to support the overall health of poultry animals.

Semi-Automated – The study used the word semi-automated as the process of grinding and

pelletizing of raw materials that requires human ability and intervention to fully operate the process.

Small Scale Capacity – The study used the word small scale capacity as the ability of the machine

to produce small quantity of product in short span of time

Solidifying-focused Machines – The study used the word solidifying-focused machines to show

the existing technology that pelletizing machines have which focuses on solidifying raw materials

only.

Sustainability – The study used the word sustainability as a feature of the machine which intended

to utilize sustainable materials such as waste to form a new beneficial product.

Synthetic Pigment Agents – The study used the word synthetic pigment agents as a material that

used by poultry industry in improving the skin of their animals.

Technological advancement – The study used the word technological advancement to show that

it is the coping factor of every object in new technology.

Valorization – The study used the word valorization as the benefit of having a shrimp skin grinding

and pelletizing machine that maximizes the utilization of sustainable materials to become beneficial

products.
 Chapter 3

Methods of Research

This chapter shows several methods used to discuss and describe the nature of the study. It will

describe the research design as a guide in finishing the study, as well as the sample, instruments, data

collection, data collection procedure, and project development of the study.

3.1 Research Design

The research design that was considered by the researcher was in the form of Descriptive Method,

in order to describe the characteristics of shrimp skin to become protein source in making pellets.

Descriptive Research is focused on describing the characteristics and behaviors of the phenomenon studied.

It focuses on providing detailed information and representation of the phenomenon studied, which can be

useful for generating hypotheses and identifying patterns in data [1]. Descriptive Method will help the

researchers to distinguish the positive and negative impact of shrimp skin as protein source in making

pellets.

The study requires testing procedures and experimentation in Quantitative approach to determine

the comparison of different variables. Quantitative Research is focused on systematic way of investigating

the existing phenomenon based on quantifiable data through performing mathematics and computer

approach [2]. Quantitative type of Research Design will help the researchers to find out how the fabrication

of semi-automated shrimp skin grinding and pelletizing machine can be beneficial to the present world by

analyzing different statistical result through series of experimentation.

To prove the significant of shrimp skin grinding and pelletizing machine, a series of experiments,

testing and validation on numerical data was considered. The researchers used Experimental Research.

Experimental Research is a subordinate type of Quantitative Research aims to establish experimental trials

and procedures to test the hypotheses. The goal of experimental method is to deliver more definitive and
objective conclusions about the constructive relationships among variables. With this procedure,

researchers will able to gather evidence in a form of numerical data to prove the significance of shrimp skin

as protein source in making pellets and effectiveness of the fabrication of semi-automated grinding and

pelletizing machine [3].

To further discuss the existing phenomenon, the researchers considered to use Applied Research.

Applied Research is a type of research that is aimed at finding a solution to the immediate problem by

means of using fundamental research techniques and applying different method of gathering data to

generate objective research outcomes. The research gaps from existing related literatures were considered

and applied to the study to have better solution. This research design will help the researcher to fabricate

the semi-automated shrimp skin grinding and pelletizing machine by providing innovative solutions and

practical applications of different scientific methods to solve the problem [4].

The study is semi-automated shrimp skin grinding and pelletizing machine which was developed

from gaps in existing technologies. The researchers considered to use Developmental Research Method. It

aims to collect, analyze, and interpret data from experiments to design and develop new product [5]. This

research design is vital in the study for the researchers to considered gaps, concepts, principles, and gathered

data from previous study and applying it to develop the semi-automated shrimp skin grinding and

pelletizing machine.

3.2 The Sample

The semi-automated grinding and pelletizing machine is designed to minimize the production time

of pellets, reduce the production cost, and maximize the utilization of sustainable materials. The researchers

will use an experimental type of sample to determine the comparison between existing pelletizing

technologies and the grinding and pelletizing machine. In addition, the comparison of utilizing shrimp skin

as a protein source in making pellets compared to soybean meal will be examined. Planning the experiment

is a vital part of research to ensure that the materials comply with the study’s objective and goals.
 Different tests and trials will be done to evaluate and assess the overall performance of the shrimp

skin grinding and pelletizing machine. The Experimental data is divided into two categories: the

effectiveness of the grinding and pelletizing machine and the effect of adding shrimp skin in pellets’ raw

material on the overall health of poultry animals. The grinding and pelletizing machine will be examined

based on its production time, size of pellets, and compactness of pellets. For pellets, poultry animals will

intake the shrimp skin pellets and then examine if it will significantly affect their health in terms of the

growth and condition of its products, such as milk and eggs.

3.3 The Instruments

The study utilized an experimental data sheet created by the researchers to collect all necessary

data. The data sheets are divided into the grinding and pelletizing machine and the pellets. There are four

experimental data sheets: (1) for examining the production time, size of pellets, and compactness of pellets

of the pre-existing pelletizing technologies; (2) for examining the production time, size of pellets, and

compactness of pellets of grinding and pelletizing machine; (3) for examining the effect of pellets composed

of conventional protein source in terms of growth and condition of milk and eggs; and (4) for examining

the effect of pellets composed of shrimp material as protein source in terms of growth and condition of milk

and eggs.

The tables below illustrate the experimental arrangement that will validate the difference between

the Semi-Automated Grinding and Pelletizing Machine and the pre-existing pelletizing machine and the

difference between shrimp skin as a protein source compared to soybean meal.

 • Experimental Data Sheet for Pre-Existing Pelletizing Technologies

Experimental Data for Pelletizing Machine

Trial No. Production Time Length of Diameter of Compactness of Pellets
(s) Pellets (cm) Pellets (cm) (g/cm3)
1.

2.

3.

4.

Table 5. The experimental data sheet for Pelletizing Machine

Experimental Data Sheet for Grinding and Pelletizing Machine

Experimental Data for Grinding and Pelletizing Machine

Trial No. Production Time Length of Diameter of Compactness of Pellets
(s) Pellets (cm) Pellets (cm) (g/cm3)
1.

2.

3.

4.

Table 6. The experimental data sheet for Grinding and Pelletizing Machine
 • Experimental Data Sheet for Shrimp Skin as Protein Source for Poultry Animals

Experimental Data for Shrimp Skin as Protein Source for Poultry Animals

Trial Poultry Growth Growth Production Production Compactness

No. Animals Rate Rate of Milk of Eggs of Pellets
(cm/week) (cm/week) (liter/week) (number per (g/cm3)
week)
1.

2.

3.

4.

Table 7. The experimental data sheet for Shrimp Skin as Protein Source for Poultry Animals

• Experimental Data for Soybean Meal as Protein Source for Poultry Animals

Experimental Data for Soybean Meal as Protein Source for Poultry Animals

Trial Poultry Growth Growth Production Production Compactness

No. Animals Rate Rate of Milk of Eggs of Pellets
(cm/week) (cm/week) (liter/week) (number per (g/cm3)
week)
1.

2.

3.

4.

Table 8. The experimental data sheet for Soybean Meal as Protein Source for Poultry Animals
3.4 Data Collection

The researchers gathered data needed by analyzing and identifying significant theories, concepts,

principles and ideas concerning the problem of the study.

Figure 4. Data Collection Flowchart

The study aims to design an effective and efficient semi-automated shrimp skin grinding and

pelletizing machine that utilizes sustainable materials to minimize the consumption of money and time in

producing pellets. The researchers collected supporting data and evidence from reliable sources and well-

published references to identify the study's pragmatic opportunities and unrealistic information. Objectives

were then formed based on the result of data assessment to determine the characteristics and quality of data
that are needed in the study. The researchers used the gathered data to rectify the gaps in existing machines

and organized, transformed and interpreted the data into beneficial information.

The researchers analyzed related information to distinguish potential developments and understandings

about the semi-automated shrimp skin grinding and pelletizing machine. Results and findings were

presented, including analyzing and interpreting thirty reliable related literature and studies. The researchers

concluded that fabricating a semi-automated shrimp skin grinding and pelletizing machine will benefit the

modern world.

3.5 Data Collection Procedure

The researchers seek to gather beneficial information regarding the fabrication of semi-automated

shrimp skin grinding and pelletizing machine, especially on how the sustainable raw material, shrimp skin,

can affect the poultry industries. Thus, the researchers utilized qualitative and comparative analysis to

analyze, interpret, and test related literature.

The researchers will acquire accurate and precise information through experiments and

comparisons. The researchers compare the data gathered from pre-existing pelletizing machine and grinding

and pelletizing machines. In addition, the researchers compare the data gathered from utilizing shrimp skin

as a protein source for poultry animals rather than soybean meal. The researchers evaluated the study’s

essentials, such as gathering data on the technologies and concepts used in previous studies.

For this study, the researchers seek guidance and advice from the research professor to validate the

accuracy of the gathered data.

3.6 Project Development

After collecting supporting evidence and literature, different procedures will be considered to

develop the prototype of the study. Developing the design of a semi-automated shrimp skin grinding and

pelletizing machine will integrate all the gathered beneficial information from previous research gaps and

related concepts, theories, and principles.

Figure 5. Project Development Flow Chart

3.6.1 Designing of the Prototype

The initial process in developing the prototype is designing it. The design will be created using

Computer-Aided Software such as 3ds Max. The desired dimensions and constraints of all machine

elements present in the prototype are visualized using 3ds Max. The prototype's desired features will be

illustrated and demonstrated with the help of computer-aided software such as 3ds Max. A computer-

generated illustration of the prototype's overall appearance will be produced. In addition, the functions of

the prototype will be carefully designed and analyzed during the designing phase, which will significantly

affect its overall performance.

Figure 6 Prototype Design Through 3ds Max

3.6.2 Fabrication of the Prototype

The fabrication of the Prototype will be done after the finalization of the product’s design. The

researchers will begin by brainstorming the possible cost-effective materials that may be used. Then, all the

necessary materials will be arranged based on their components and functions. Once all the materials are

determined, searching for different electrical and mechanical parts in different stores will happen. Once all

the shrimp skin grinding and pelletizing machine materials have been gathered, the researchers will proceed

to the fabrication phase. In this phase, different mechanical and electrical-related procedures will be done

to transform the technical layout of the Prototype into a tangible object.

3.6.3 Testing and Validation of the Prototype

After the fabrication of the prototype, the semi-automated shrimp skin grinding and pelletizing

machine will undergo different testing processes to assess its features, functions, and physical appearance.

The objective of testing and validating the prototype is to ensure that its dimensions and constraints

designed by CATIA VR20 are accurate and precise. The information gathered during the testing and

validation test will be evaluated to determine if it is aligned with the study's objective, goals, and

specifications.

In addition, the evaluation will focus on how effectively the prototype operates. Thorough

examinations and tests of the function of the prototype will be done to determine whether the researchers

have successfully created a prototype capable of achieving its intended goal.

If all the result from tests and validations to the prototype's specifications does not align with the

study's goal, different revisions and optimizations will be carried out.

3.6.4 Finalization of the Prototype

The final stage of the project development is to finalize the prototype, which includes optimization

and revisions on its features, functions, and physical appearance. During this stage, all the data collected
and analyzed throughout the project development process will be recorded for future reference. The data

gathered and analyzed is critical as it serves as the possibility for future innovation and enhancement of the

prototype.
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Appendix A – Research Budget Proposal

Components Type Quantity/Unit Cost per unit Sub-total

Services:
Fabrication Service For Whole Period 30,000 20,000

Mechanical Parts:

Transmission Shaft Power Modifier 1pc. 5000 5,000

Spindle Box Storage 1pc. 1000 1,000
Gear Box Storage 1pc. 1000 1,000
Feeder Medium of Transportation 2pcs. 1000 2,000
Adjusting Nut Modifier 1 pc. 100 100
Multifunction Grinding
Cutting Blades 4 pcs 510 2,040
Blade (Customized)

Grinding Chamber Storage 1 pc 2000 2,000

Adjustable Handle Modifier 1 pc 500 500

Flat Die Pellet Mill Modifier 1 pc 3000 3.000

Roller Modifier 1 pc 1000 1.000

Electrical Parts

Electrical Motor
Universal 1 pc. 3,000 3,000
Power Supply
Switched 1 pc. 1,000 1,000
Others:

Wires Stranded (R&B) 1 roll each 500 1,000

Steel Container 2 pcs. 500 1,000

Miscellaneous:
Bolts, screws, tapes, paste,
1,500
and etc.
Total (Php) 45,140
 Appendix B – Gantt Char

2023 2024
Activities August Sept. October Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. April
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Thesis Writing
d
Proposal
Thesis Title
Proposal
Thesis Title
Defense
NSDB
Formulation
Creation of
Prototype
Machine Design
Material
Gathering
Machine
Fabrication
Data Collection
Machine
Testing/Trial
Observation
Documentation
Final Defense
Revisions