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LETRS Unit 1 Assessment Answers

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Contents [ hide ]
1 Questions To Learn

2 How Many Questions Are On The LETRS Unit 1 Assessment?

3 Sources
4 LETRS Assessment Answers

b. The Three Cueing Systems model omits or obscures the

role of phonology. What is one important distinction between the
Four-Part Processing Model for Word Recognition
and the Three Cueing Systems model? a. The Four-
 Part Processing Model emphasizes visual processes.
b. The Three Cueing Systems model omits or
obscures the role of phonology. c. The Three Cueing
Systems model emphasizes the role of phonology. d.
The Three Cueing Systems model omits semantic
processing.

d. both foundational reading skills and oral language

development Many students at risk for reading problems enter
school without exposure to the academic language
used in books or preschool experience. These
students are most likely to make progress closing
the reading and language gap if their classroom
instruction emphasizes which of the following? a.
oral language comprehension and reading aloud b.
attending to context, including semantic and
syntactic cues c. matching students with interesting
reading material d. both foundational reading skills
and oral language development

a. early alphabetic
A beginning first-grade student is able to segment
and pronounce the first sound in a spoken word. He
tries to guess at words by looking at the first letter
only. When he writes words, he spells a few sounds
phonetically, but not all the sounds. According to
Ehri, this student is most likely in which phase of
word-reading development? a. early alphabetic b.
later alphabetic c. prealphabetic d. consolidated
alphabetic

b. phonology
A kindergarten teacher is having students listen to
three spoken words and identify the two words that
end with the same sound. The teacher is focusing on
which language system? a. morphology b.
phonology c. orthography d. semantics

d. Determine if the students need remediation in word

recognition, language comprehension, or both. Considering the Simple View of Reading, what
would be the BEST course of action for a third-grade
teacher with concerns about several students who
have not achieved fluency? a. Observe whether
students are able to work on several subskills at
 once. b. Verify that students have been engaged in
independent reading at home for 20 minutes every
day. c. Increase demand on students to improve
their passage reading rate. d. Determine if the
students need remediation in word recognition,
language comprehension, or both.

a. primary difficulties with phonology, decoding, and word

recognition In any first-grade classroom in a typical school in the
United States, approximately one-third of students
are likely to score in the “basic” or “below basic”
range. The largest proportion of those students is
likely to show which characteristics? a. primary
difficulties with phonology, decoding, and word
recognition b. primary difficulties with phonology
only c. primary difficulties with automatic word
recognition only d. primary difficulties with
language comprehension only

b. Reading problems can be treated as easily in third grade

as in first grade. Which of the following statements is FALSE with
regard to an effective implementation of a multi-
tiered system of supports (MTSS)? a. It is possible for
95 percent of kindergarten students to meet
benchmark by the end of the year. b. Reading
problems can be treated as easily in third grade as in
first grade. c. Progress-monitoring assessments
should be brief, curriculum based, and economical.
d. Students can learn to read even if there is little
help available at home.

b. both regular and irregular words

. One important goal of beginning reading
instruction is the development of a sight vocabulary
that enables the student to recognize a word
instantly, without having to decode it. What types of
words should make up a student’s sight word
vocabulary? a. phonetically irregular words b. both
regular and irregular words c. phonetically regular
words d. high-frequency words

b. They can predict which students are at long-term risk for

reading failure. What is the value of data provided by screening
measures? a. They can demonstrate the reliability of
 test results on repeated administrations. b. They can
predict which students are at long-term risk for
reading failure. c. They can determine which
students need a referral to special education. d. They
can contribute to teacher evaluations.

b. It is morphophonemic.
In comparison to other alphabetic languages,
what feature of the English writing system makes
English more difficult for young students to read and
spell? a. It is syllabic. b. It is morphophonemic. c. It is
a shallow orthography. d. It is phonetically
transparent.

b. semantics
A second-grade teacher, in preparation for reading a
new text about honeybees, asks the students to
brainstorm all the meanings they know for the word
comb. The teacher is primarily focusing on which
language system? a. phonology b. semantics c.
orthography d. morphology

c. Skilled readers perceive all letters when they read.

Experiments that use modern eye-movement
technology to investigate what the eye “sees” when
a proficient reader scans and comprehends a text
have made what important discovery? a. Good
readers skim a text, perceiving just a few letters. b.
Good readers are dependent on context to identify
words. c. Skilled readers perceive all letters when
they read. d. The perceptual span of a good reader is
triple that of a poor reader.

Questions To Learn
Which statement best describes the relationship between
reading comprehension and word decoding in a beginning Accurate, fast word recognition is necessary for
reader’s development? development of reading fluency and text
comprehension.

Near the close of the day, a kindergarten teacher guides the

students in conversation about the day’s activities. She phonological awareness
writes down what is said on large chart paper, then reads it
to the class. This activity would aid their literacy
development primarily by promoting which skill?

What is the most important implication of the Four-Part

Processiong Model for Word Recognition? Reading depends on constructing pathways
between the phonological, orthographic, and
meaning processors.

After results of a winter screening, six second-graders

scored in the “somewhat at risk” range. What is the next Analyze the screening results and gather additional
step the teacher team should take? diagnostic assessment data.

How is the word sn-ow divided?

onset – rime

How many spoken syllables are there in frightening?

Three

How many spoken syllables are there in cleaned?

Two

What is the main reason that the ability to identify,

segment, blend, and manipulate individual phonemes in Each letter in a word represents an individual
spoken words is important for reading an alphabetic writing phoneme
system?

Students with relative weaknesses in basic phonemic

awareness are most likely to make progress if the teacher asks students to look into a mirror while they
provides which practice? describe the way that target phonemes are formed
in the mouth

Which student is demonstrating the most advanced level of

phonemic awareness? the student substituting a sound in a given word
and saying the new word

A student spells skin as sgin. What type of phonological

error did she make? substitution of a voiced for an unvoiced consonant

Having students listen to a word, say it, and then mentally

reverse the sounds in the word is an instructional activity those who have mastered basic phonemic
that would be most appropriate for which students? awareness
How can phonics instruction be organized to be most
effective? around a preplanned progression through a logical
scope and sequence

Which word group might a teacher include in a lesson

focused on identification of consonant blends? plan, squirm, train

Which word group might a teacher include in a lesson

focused on reviewing consonant digraphs? phone, throne, shown

In the early alphabetic phase of word-reading development,

students know some letter-sound correspondences and blending 2-3 phoneme-grapheme correspondences
most letter names. A student at this level is most likely to within simple, one-syllable words
progress with what type of instruction?

Many screening measures can be considered diagnostic

since they provide extremely detailed data about a students true or false
skills in particular literacy domains.

If a student needs work on phonics and decoding, what

kind of informal diagnostic assessment would provide the a. a spelling inventory to show which features of
most useful information on how to help this student with English spelling the student has mastered b. a
these skills? word-reading survey to show which sound-symbol
correspondences the student knows and which
ones still need practice c. a vocabulary test to show
student understanding of word meanings in context
d. a test of reading comprehension to show how
well the student can answer questions about a
grade-level text

Which of the following is not an area of inquiry to include in

a comprehensive diagnostic assessment of a potential a. spelling b. handwriting c. single-word decoding d.
reading disorder? social interactions

Which of these literacy skills have students typically

mastered by the end of third grade? Select all that apply. a. advanced phonemic awareness b. Greek-derived
morphemes c. inflectional morphology d. fluent
recognition of word families (rime patterns)

Cody is in first grade. He almost never raises his hand to

participate in class discussions. When called on, he replies a. administering a phonics survey b. reading a story
very briefly. He tends to use vague words like stuff and rarely to him and having him orally retell it c. examining
uses full sentences. During decoding exercises, he reads
words accurately and easily recognizes common patterns; samples of his writing d. administering a timed oral
he is a good speller. When he reads stories aloud, he reads reading fluency assessment
fairly accurately but in an expressionless monotone. Which
assessment would be most likely to yield valuable
information about Cody?

Large-scale studies have show that about half of first-

graders who struggle with reading will catch up by third False
grade without any special interventions.

What is the primary purpose of progress-monitoring

assessments? They help teachers determine if a particular
instructional approach is working to bring a student
closer to a target level of reading skill.

Which characteristics describe typical outcome

assessments? Select all that apply. a. designed to measure passage comprehension c.
useful for comparing individuals to norms for a
given age or grade level

Which is a common limitation of screening measures?

The imprecision of the measures results in false
positives- children identified as lacking sufficient
reading skills even though they will later develop
adequate reading skills.

For an assessment to be useful in a school setting, which

three psychometric criteria are the most important? reliable, valid, efficient

A student with dyslexia may also be intellectually gifted

true

Students who are slow at word reading and text reading,

but can segment and blend sounds orally, typically have True
better outcomes than students with phonological
processing deficits.

Dyslexic is a term often applied to a large subset of poor

readers. These readers’ difficulties with accurate, fluent word phonological processing
recognition originate primarily with deficits in which of the
following?
Which of the following can pose challenges for readers who
are English Learners (ELs)? Select all that apply. a. Compared to native English speakers, ELs have
fewer English words in their phonological lexicons b.
ELs may encounter passages that do not align well
with their culture and background knowledge. d.
When they read, ELs must perform two tasks at
once: deciphering words and translating content
between English and their first language.

About 10-15 percent of poor readers can decode and read

individual words quickly and well and can spell accurately- autism and autism spectrum disorders
yet struggle to comprehend the meanings of passages. This
profile is typical of students with which coexisting disorder?

What skill is most important for a student just learning to

read? accurate decoding

Why is it important to build students’ fast and accurate

word recognition and spelling? so that students don’t have to laboriously sound out
words

Which scenario describes a child in the prealphabetic

phase? a child who responds “Meow!” when asked, ” What is
the first sound in cat?”

Which scenario describes a child in the consolidated

alphabetic phase? a child who sees the word inactive and figures out
that it means “not active”

The primary are of difficulty for students who fall behind in

their reading development is underdeveloped foundational reading skills

A significant shortcoming of the Three-Cueing Systems

model, compared to the Four-Part Processing Model, is that phonological processing
it obscures the role of ______ in word recognition.

Which best describes the activity of the reading brain in

proficient readers, compared to beginning readers? It is more automatic

Which of these does the language-comprehension

component of the Reading Rope emphasize? the importance of vocabulary development and of
 understanding language structures

The word-recognition component of the Reading Rope

includes which subskills? Select all that apply a. decoding c. phonological awareness d. sight
recognition

Good readers do not require a large storehouse of sight

words in their memory if they have highly developed false
phonographic skills.

During reading, our eyes process each word letter by letter.

true

How many letters does the eye normally take in at each

fixation point before moving on to the fixation point? 7-9 to the right 3-4 to the left

The four-part processing model helps us understand

__________ how multiple parts of the brain must work together
in order for word recognition to occur

The are known as the visual word form are or “brain’s

letterbox” is located in the _______ lobe and is essential to occipital; orthographic
the ________ processor.

What are some symptoms of children who have trouble

with phonological processing? a. slow to blend sounds in words together c.
difficulty remembering sounds for letters d. trouble
spelling speech sounds for words

Which statement best describes the relative importance of

oral reading fluency and verbal comprehension as factors in As children get older, verbal comprehension
reading comprehension? becomes more important than oral reading fluency

Which o these is an example of morphology

We know the words unique, uniform, united, and
universe all contain the root uni, meaning “one”

Which is a characteristic of discourse in spoken language?

it does not use paragraphs and tends to be
disorganized
 How does the language system of pragmatics help us to
understand why written language is mores structured than Social context and nonverbal gestures help the
spoken language? listener understand spoken language, so there is
less need for it to be highly structured

What adds to the challenge of becoming literate? Select all

that apply a. All meaning reside sin the written words alone;
there is no additional physical context or gestures,
facial expressions, etc., to support meaning b.
reading and writing require learning new forms of
language, such as changes to sentence structure,
discourse, and presentation of vocabulary and
semantics

According to the 2015 National Assessment of Educational

Progress, what percentage of fourth-grade students have 64% nationally, with African-American and Hispanic
score “basic” or “below basic” in reading? students making up a disproportionate amount

Reading comprehension is not a single construct. Rather,

the ability to understand what you read relies on multiple background knowledge and vocabulary
components. Once readers become more skilled in word
recognition, which of the following components increase in
their importance?

Which statement most accurately describes how the

human brain has evolved to process spoken and written our brains have evolved to process spoken language
language? much more easily than alphabetic writing

What characteristic makes English a “deep” alphabetic

orthography? Its spelling system represents meaningful parts
(morphemes) as well as sounds

According to the Simple View of Reading model, which is

more important to reading comprehension – word Both are equally important
recognition or language comprehension?

How Many Questions Are On The LETRS Unit 1

Assessment?
Did you know that Unit 1 of the LETRS Assessment contains 10 questions? That’s right – 10 questions divided into sections,
each focusing on different aspects of literacy development.